中考英语毕节总复习语法专题讲义专题11　动词的语态

1、专题十一动词的语态毕节五年中考命题规律及趋势近五年毕节中考考情分析2019年毕节中考命题预测年份考查角度考查重点题号分值预计2019年毕节中考对动词的语态的考查仍是重点，倾向于考查动词被动语态的用法，主要以单项填空、完形填空、短文改错的形式出现，考查的小题数约34道。2019动词的时态和语态的用法一般过去时的被动语态2512019/2019/2019动词的时态和语态的用法一般过去时的被动语态2512019/毕节中考考点突破动词的语态1动词语态的分类英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。(1)主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如：Many people speak English there.那儿

2、很多人说英语。(2)被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动词的对象。如：Chinese is spoken by many people.汉语被很多人说。(Chinese是动词speak的承受者)2被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词(用done表示)”构成。常见的八种时态的被动语态结构及情态动词的被动语态如下：时态被动语态结构例句一般现在时am/is/are过去分词Chinese is spoken by many people.一般过去时was/were过去分词Chinese was spoken by many people.一般将来时shall/will be过去分

3、词或am/is/are going to be过去分词Chinese will be spoken by many people.或：Chinese is going to be spoken by many people.过去将来时(不常考)would be过去分词或was/were going to be过去分词Chinese would be spoken by many people.或：Chinese was going to be spoken by many people.现在进行时(不常考)am/is/are being过去分词Chinese is being spoken b

4、y many people.续表时态被动语态结构例句过去进行时(不常考)was/were being过去分词Chinese was being spoken by many people.现在完成时(不常考)has/havebeen过去分词Chinese has been spoken by many people.过去完成时(不常考)hadbeen过去分词Chinese had been spoken by many people.含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词be过去分词Chinese must be spoken by many people.3.主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)图示：(2

5、)口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词用被动。(3)变换步骤：将主动句的宾语变为主语。如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：Tom killed him.He was killed by Tom.汤姆杀了他。将动词改为“be过去分词”。be动词与新主语相一致，时态不变。如：They held a meeting yesterday.A meeting was held by them yesterday.他们昨天开会了。将主动语态的主语改为“by”，放在谓语动词后。如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。如：He sang a song.A song was sung by him.他唱了

6、一首歌。4常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊结构(1)含有双宾语(即直接宾语和间接宾语)的句子，多把间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。如：Jack told us the truth.We were told the truth by Jack.杰克告诉了我们真相。(2)主动语态中有些感官动词(如：hear，see，watch等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，要把不定式符号to还原。即：hear(see) sb.do sth.sb.be heard(seen) to do sth.如：We heard the girl play the piano in the music cla

7、ssroom.The girl was heard to play the piano in the music classroom by us.我们听见那女孩在音乐教室弹钢琴。(3)主动语态中有些使役动词(如：make，let等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，同样要把不定式符号to还原。即：make sb.do sth.sb.be made to do sth.如：The teacher makes the students do much homework every day.The students are made to do much homework by th

8、e teacher every day.那位老师让学生们每天做很多家庭作业。(4)动词短语的被动语态 动词短语是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。如： My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.我妹妹将会被外祖母照顾。(5)表示“据说”或“相信”等的词组It is said that 据说It is reported that 据报道It is believed that 大家相信It is hoped that 大家希望It is well known that 众所周知It is thought that 大家认为It is suggested

9、 that 大家建议It has been decided that 大家决定It must be remembered that 务必记住的是5不能使用被动结构的情况(1)连系动词，如：look，feel，smell等，以主动形式表示被动含义。如：The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。(2)有些动词在后面跟动词ing形式表被动含义，如need/want/require/worth等。如： Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。 The floor requires washing.地板需要冲洗。 The book is worth rea

10、ding. 这本书值得一读。 Your shoes need cleaning right now.你的鞋子需要马上清理一下。(3)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态，如：happen，appear，last，lie，remain，sit，break out，come true，fall asleep，keep silence，lose heart，take place等。如： The story happened on a cold night.故事发生在一个寒冷的夜晚。6主动形式表示被动意义wash，clean，cook，look，cut，sell，read，wear，feel，draw，wr

11、ite，sell，drive等通常与well，easily，slowly，quickly等副词连用。如：The book sells well. 这本书销售的好。7特殊结构：make sb.heard/understood(使别人能听见/理解自己)，have sth.done(请某人做某事)。如：Your hair is too long.You should have your hair cut.你的头发太长了。你应该剪头发。单项填空。(C)1.(2019安徽中考)The weatherman says a rain shower _ this afternoon in the south.

12、Aexpects BexpectedCis expected Dwas expected(B)2.(2019预测)The task _ in an hour.Then we can go home and have a good rest.Awas finished Bwill be finishedCfinish Dwill finish毕节中考题例及解析单项填空。( )1.(2019毕节中考)The mobile phone _ in 1973.Ainvents BinventedCwas invented Dis invented【解析】考查动词时态及语态的用法。句意：手机是1973年发

13、明的。invents一般现在时；invented一般过去时；was invented一般过去时的被动语态；is invented一般现在时的被动语态。in 1973表示过去的时间，结合句意，主语是动作的承受者，用一般过去时态的被动语态，故选C。( )2.(2019毕节中考)A bridge _ over the river last year.Abuilds BbuiltCwas built Dis built【解析】考查动词时态及语态的用法。句意：去年，这条河上建了一座桥。builds一般现在时；built一般过去时；was built一般过去时的被动语态；is built一般现在时的被动语

14、态。last year用于一般过去时，结合句意，主语是动作的承受者，用一般过去时态的被动语态，故选C。考 点 抢 测动词的语态单项填空。(C)1.(2019南充中考)What a terrible rainstorm it was last night!Yes，many old trees and houses _Apull down Bwere pulling downCwere pulled down Dpulled down(C)2.(2019南京中考)Simon，do you know who invented the kite?Sure! It _ by Mozi over 2，00

15、0 years ago.Ais invented BinventedCwas invented Dwill be invented(D)3.(2019重庆中考A卷)The 2022 Winter Olympic Games _ in China.I'm sure it will be a great success.Ahold Bwill holdCwere held Dwill be held(B)4.(2019河北中考)Look at the picture.The top five TV plays _ in it.Alist Bare listedCwill list Dwil

16、l be listed(B)5.(2019扬州中考)What are you watching?The Story of China.This part _ at China Block Printing Museum of Yangzhou in 2019.Afilmed Bwas filmedChas filmed Dis filmed(D)6.(2019北京中考)A new international airport _ in the city next year.Acompletes Bis completedCwill complete Dwill be completed(D)7.(2019盐城中考)A lot of new roads _ in order to develop the villages in the next five years.Abuilt Bwere builtCbuild Dwill be built(C)8.(2019长春中考)We Chinese _ by the touching documentary Amazing China.Aencourage BencouragesCare encouraged Dare encouraging(A)9.(2019玉林中考)What do you know about