英语虚拟语气和倒装句

1、【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容:语法复习:虚拟语气和倒装句二. 知识总结与归纳:虚拟语气:是一种与事实(包括过去,现在或将来完全相反的陈述,表示假设,愿望,怀疑,推测或后悔。虚拟语气主要用于条件从句,让步从句和名词性从句。虚拟语气句型中常见的动词形式:1. 动词过去式2. had done3. would/could/should/might do4. would/could/should/might have done5. were(一虚拟语气用在与过去事实相反的假设的条件句中:表示假设,后悔或推测。句型结构:If +主语+had been/done.,主语+should/could/mig

2、ht/would + have done.1. If the illness had been diagnosed a day earlier, it might have made all different.2. If she had told him about the danger, he would not have got hurt.3. If I had known more about giving first aid, I could have helped him.(二虚拟语气用在与现在事实相反的假设的条件句中:句型结构:If +主语+were / 动词过去式,主语+sho

3、uld/could/might/would +do1. If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.2. If I were you, I would give an AIDS patient a hug.3. 虚拟语气用在与将来的结果相反的假设的条件句中:句型结构:If +主语+were to do, 主语+should/could/might/would +do If +主语+should doIf +主语+动词过去式(1If we were to panic, we would not be able to help.(2If

4、 the little girl should take piano lessons, she would have less free time.(3If I were to live long enough to have a job, I would choose to be a doctor, helping these AIDS patients.注意:虚拟条件句的从句中如果有助动词were; had或should可以去掉if以后用倒装句语序。例句: Had I not helped him, he would have failed in business. Should I be

5、 free, I would come . Were she my daughter, I could suggest a different plan .注意:有时候,主,从句所描述的时间范围不一致,则根据具体语境调整动词的形式。例句: If he had caught the train, he would be here by now. You would speak English well enough, if you had practiced every day.(四虚拟语气在其他句型中的使用:1. 用在与without, but for, but, otherwise短语连用的

6、句型中:例句:The ship would have sunk with all on board but for efforts of the captain.The rescue arrived in time,otherwise They would have been frozen to death.2. 用在Its time 句型中:Its time that 主语+动词过去式Its time that I went to school and picked up my daughter.3. 在句型as if /though+主语+动词过去式/were/had done例句:He

7、looked at me as if I were mad .“I wish people would find out the facts,” she says, “ and not act as if I were a bad ordangerous person.”It looks as if its going to rain.4. 用在If only 句型中:表示:要是该多好啊!(1If only you hadnt told Jackie what I said, everything would have been all right.(2If only you would li

8、sten to reason.5. 与“命令,建议,要求, 有必要/重要”有关的名词性从句中的谓语动词结构:(1主动结构:should do(2被动结构:should be done;(should可以省略 I suggest that he should come another day. The suggestion that the students should learn something practical is worth considering. I though it necessary that I should stay in the room till hecame

9、back.(五情态动词(should / ought to; could; neednt; would like to 等+have done:表示“本来应该/能够/没必要/很愿意”1. You could have told us earlier.2. I ought to have bought that dictionary last week.3. You ought not to have spent so much time in reading novels.4. We need not have been in a hurry to catch the train.倒装句:倒装

10、句是英语中常见的语法现象,他的使用一是出于语法结构的需要,再就是为了强调句中的某一部分。(1当否定副词never; hardly; seldom; nor; neither; little; few; not; not only 在句首,后面接助动词/be +主语的倒装语序。Never have I realized that water is so precious.Seldom have we seen such big melons.(2Only+介词短语/状语从句,后面接助动词/be +主语的倒装语序。Only by changing the way we live can we sa

11、ve the earth.(3Not until +时间状语(从句后面接助动词/be +主语的倒装语序。Not until we know more will we be able to improve the situation.(4as / so / neither / nor 在句首表示另一个人或另一种情况也是如此。后面接助动词/be +主语的倒装语序。Without international cooperation, developing countries cannot prosper, nor will sustainable development be possible.A

12、better understanding of the environment is necessary, as is the willingness to act.(5在以here; there; now; out; in; up; down; away 或表示地点的介词短语为句首后面接完全倒装结构(谓语+主语Among the speakers was Chinas then Premier Zhu Rongji, who stressed the need for equality and fairness in the world.On a hill in front of them

13、stood a great castle.(6倒装句在结果状语从句;让步状语从句;时间状语从句中的使用: so / such .that.(如此以致于将so / such.部分置于句首:So loudly did he speak that people upstairs could hear him.表示:“虽然”:名词 / 形容词,副词 / 动词+as +主语+谓语Cold as it was, we went out .Bravely as they fought, they had no chance of winning.Child as he is, he knew what wa

14、s the right thing to do.表示:“一就”:No sooner had done than +陈述句(过去时Hardly haddonewhen+陈述句(过去时Hardly had she entered the house when she heard the dog barking.No sooner had we started lunch than the door bell rang.【典型例题】1. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired.A. drove; didnt getB. drov

15、e; wouldnt getC. were driving; wouldnt getD. had driven; wouldnt have got答案:D诉我们后面的条件句是一个与过去事实相反的假设,有后悔,埋怨的意思。在这种条件句中主句用would have done,从句用had done结构。2. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit tothe Yangpu Bridge.A. WereB. ShouldC. WouldD. Will答案:B分析:本题考查虚拟条件句与倒装句的结合运用。句中时间状语tomorrow以

16、及主句中的would表明该句是对明天天气情况的虚拟假设,表示将来的虚拟条件句的结构为If it should/ were to rain tomorrow。但是条件从句可以去掉连词if,从句用倒装句结构,即:Should it raintomorrow.3. The captain kept calm in the terrible storm, otherwise theaccident _.A. couldnt be preventedB.mustnt have preventedC. wouldnt have been preventedD. shouldntprevent答案:C分析:

17、本句是一个含蓄虚拟条件句。根据句义:船长在暴风雨中非常镇静,不然的话一场事故早就不可避免了。前半句描述了事实,而后半句则与过去的事实相反,虽然这部分没有以条件从句的形式出现,但是其内容包含在由连词but; otherwise连接的陈述句中。4. When the pencil is partly in a glass of water, it look as ifit _.A. breaksB. has brokenC. werebroken D. had been broken答案:C分析:本题考查as if 后从句中的虚拟语气的运用。As if/though后面的从句根据句子的语境可以叙述

18、为真实陈述,也可以是与现在或过去事实相反的虚拟陈述。本句描述的内容是与现在事实相反的虚拟陈述应当用一般过去时。5. Why didnt you tell me there was no meeting today ? I _ all the way here through the heavy snow.A. neednt have drivenB. cant have drivenC. mustnt have drivenD. shouldnt have driven答案:A分析:根据句意:你为什么不告诉我今天没有会?我本来没必要冒着大雪开车跑这么多路。 Neednt have done表示

19、本来没必要。6. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word.A. mustnt leaveB. shouldnt have leftC. couldnt have leftD. neednt leave答案:B分析:根据句意:我真的很担心你,你真不应该一句话都不说就离开家。“离开家”已经发生了。Should have done正好表达了本句的意思。7. It is suggested that a doctor immediately.A. be sent forB. send forC. is sent forD. s

20、hould send for答案:A分析:It is suggested +that从句,从句中谓语动词用should do,或只用动词原形:a doctor与send for之间存在被动关系。8. Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?I dont know, _.A. nor dont I careB. nor do I careC. I dont care, neither.D. I dont care also答案:B分析:not在句首表示另一种情况也是如此,句子要进行部分倒装。Nor do I care“我也不在乎”。9. Not un

21、til all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was.A. did the villagers realizeB. the villagers realizedC. the villages did realizeD. didnt the villagers realize答案:A分析:not until放在句首时,句子要进行部分倒装。10. _ can you expect to get a pay rise.一. 单项选择： 1. The officer insisted that the young girl

22、 _ a thief and ordered she _ free. A. was not; be set not be; be set C. was not; was to be set set 2. _ B. should D. was not; right now, she would get there on Sunday. B. A. Would she leave If she leaves C. Were she to leave If she had left 3. It already 5 oclock now. Dont you think its time ? A. we

23、 are going home C. we went home go home 4. Had he worked harder, he A. must have got through would have got through C. would get through could get through the exams. D. B. we go home D. we can B. D. 5. _ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. A. If it is not not C. Had it

24、 not been were not B. Were it D. If they 6. Yesterday Jane walked away from the 'discussion Otherwise, she _ something she would regret later. A. had said C. might say said 7. David has made great progress recently. and . B. B. said D. might have A. So he has; so you have So he has; so have you

25、C. So has he; so have you She as he; so you have D. 8. I finally got the job 1 dreamed about. Never in all my life happy. A. did I feel had felt 9. _ B. I felt D. had I felt C. I can you expect to get a pay rise. B. A. With hard work Although hard work C. Only with hard work Now that he works hard D. 10. So difficult it to live in an English speaking country that I determined to learn English well. A. I have felt have I felt C. I did feel did I feel 11. Only when the war was over _