动词时态的讲解和练习

1、北京四中撰稿老师：黄 浩 编审老师：蔡正礼 责任编辑：丁 华动词时态的讲解和练习一、中考对动词的知识要求中考对动词的考查主要集中在：1掌握动词的现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词四种形式的构成规则；2、掌握动词六种时态的基本结构，主要用法及区别（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去进行时、现在进行时和现在完成时）3、掌握系动词 be, look, feel, smell, get, become, turn, keep 等的基本用法；4、了解过去将来时、过去完成时态的基本用法；5、掌握助动词 be, do, have, shall, will的基本用法；6、掌握情态动词 can

2、, must, n eed, may等基本句型结构及主要用法；7、了解一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时三种时态的被动语态的结构形式及其基本用 法；8、了解含有情态动词的被动语态的构成形式及其基本用法；9、掌握句子主谓一致的基本原则；10、掌握动词不定式作宾语、状语的基本用法；11、了解动词不定式作主语、定语、表语的基本用法。二、动词考察点分项说明：（一）掌握动词的现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词四种形式的构成规则;1动词现在时的第三人称单数的构成:动词特征变化例词1词词尾加眉look- looks find- finds以3耀也sh或o結尾同尾加-eswatch- watche

3、s, push- pushes以用辅音字母+严结屋变乎/i再加心Uy- flies, apply” applies2、动词的过去式及过去分词的构成:规则动词的变化：规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成方法是相同的。秒词特征变化例启卜®8词滴尾加弋dlook- looked, looked以已结尾1词尾加dlive- lived, lived以“辅音事母卡护结亀变y为i,苒加刖carry-earned, carried以重读闭音节或r音节结尾,且末尾 虹有一个辅音字厨收写该辅音字母，再加七dstop- stopped, topped不规则动词的变化。（略）3、动词的现在分词的构成:助词特征

4、变优-j例词Jp股动词貢接加-ingLook-looking watch- watching去亡加-ingcome- coming move- moving以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字先双写该辅昔字母，再加-ing 辰swuri' swunniingrun- running以唸结尾且为重读开音节变ie加y再加ingdie-dying lie-lying（二）掌握动词六种时态的基本结构，主要用法及区别（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将 来时、过去进行时、现在进行时和现在完成时）1、一般现在时一般现在时常用来表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作，与always, usually

5、, often,sometimes, every day （week, mon th）等连用；表示现在的事实或状态；表示主语所具有的特征,性格和能力；以及表示客观事实或普遍其理。一般现在时的构成:般现在时通常以动词原形表示，但当主语是第三人称单数时，动词原形后需加-s或-es。She likes biology very much.她非常喜欢生物。They often go to school by bike.他们通常骑车上学。2、一般过去时一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去时间的副词如：yesterday,last week, two hours ago等连用；表示过去一

6、段时间经常或反复发生的动作，这时可与频度 副词often, usually, always等连用；表示过去发生的一连串动作，以及在时间和条件状语从 句中，用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。一般过去时的构成：一般过去时由动词的过去式构成。We met each other on the street yesterday.我们昨天在街上碰见了。She often went swimming last year. 她去年经常去游泳。They moved the chairs to the table, sat dow n and bega n to have supper.他们把椅子搬到桌边，坐下开始

7、吃饭。Mary told me that she would stay at home if it rained.玛丽告诉我如果下雨她就呆在家里。3、一般将来时next month,一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语如 tomorrow, in a week, soon 等连用。一般将来时的构成:1）一般将来时由助动词will/shall+动词原形”构成。其中shall主要用于主语是第一人称（I和we）的疑问句中。2）也可以用“ be going to动词原形”这个结构来表示根据目前迹象很有可能发生的某件事情, 或是打算、计划、以及决定要做某件事情等。They w

8、ill have a class meeting next Tuesday. 他们下周二将举行班会。We shall meet at the school gate.我们将在学校大门口见。It is going to rain. 要下雨了。4、现在进行时现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，常与now, at present, at this moment等连用;或与these days, this week/month等连用，表示现阶段正在进行的动作。有时还与always,continually, forever等词连用，表示反复出现的动作，代替一般现在时，表达说话人强烈的 感情。如赞扬、

9、不满、讨厌等。如：He is always asking such silly questions.他老是提这类愚蠢的问题。现在进行时的构成：现在进行时由 “ be (am/is/are) +V-ing ”勾成。They are watchi ng TV now. 他们正在看电视。The dog is enjoying his meal. 小狗正在吃饭。5、过去进行时 过去进行时的用法与现在进行时用法相同，只不过参照的时间基准点不同。过去进行表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。一般和特定的时间状语或状语从句连用。如：then, at that time, at eight yesterday, t

10、his time yesterday, when he came in 等。 过去进行时的构成与现在进行时类似，只不过把be (am, is, are)变为过去式(was, were)They were watchi ng TV at that time. 他们那会正在看电视。The dog was enjoying his meal at this time yesterday. 小狗昨天这个时候正在吃饭。6、现在完成时 表示动作已经完成，但后果或影响仍在，常与already, just, yet等副词连用；或是表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，常与for或since引导的一段时间状语连用。

11、 现在完成时由助动词“have/has过去分词"构成。He has already come back.他已经回来了。(三) 掌握系动词 be, look, feel, smell, get, become, turn, keep 等的基本用法；常见的连系动词有：become, turn, get, grow, keep, feel, look, seem, smell, fall 等。它们后面常接形容词，构成系表结构。Please keep the classroom clea n.请保持教室的干净。The bread looks very fresh.这些面包看上去很新鲜。(四)

12、 了解过去将来时、过去完成时态的基本用法；过去将来时表示从过去某一时点看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时和一般将来时的构成相同，只是把will, shall变为过去式 would, should，把助动词be的过去式变为过去 式was或were而已。如：They were going to have a meeting.他们曾打算开会。过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已完成的行为或存在的状态。与现在完成的用法相同，只不过作为衡量基准点的时间点不同，现在完成时以现在作为衡量的基准点，而过去完成时则以过去某个时刻作为基准点。它表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前完成了的动作， 即 过去的过去”

13、，常by, before引导的时间状语连用。如：By the time he was ten, Edis on had built a lab for himself.到爱迪生10岁时，他已给自己建了一个实验室。She said she had worked in that hospital for 20 years.她说她已在那所医院工作 20 年了。（五）掌握助动词 be, do, have, shall, will的基本用法；助动词是 辅助性”动词，一般没有词义，不能单独作谓语，但可用来帮助构成谓语，表示不同的时态，语态，和数的变化。常见的助动词有：（1）be （am, is, are,

14、 was, were, being, been）与现在分词结合，构成各种进行时态；或与过去 分词结合构成被动语态。I'm look ing for my pen.我正在找我的笔。（现在进行时）These cups are made in Chi na.这些杯子是中国制造的。（被动语态）（2）have （has, had, having）与过去分词结合，构成完成时。They have known each other for twenty years.他们互相认识有二十年了。（现在完成时）He had built a chemistry lab for himself at the ag

15、e of ten.他十岁时就已经为自己建了一个化学实验室。（过去完成时）（3） do （does, did）助动词do后只能跟动词原形，与not及其他动词结合构成否定句，或置 于主语之前构成疑问句。He does not speak En glish.他不说英语。When did he come back?他什么时候回来的？（4） will （would）, shall （should） will能用于一般将来时的任何人称后；would是will的过去时，能用于过去将来时；两者后面都接动词原形。The pla ne will arrive in ten mi nu tes.飞机十分钟后将要到达

16、。I was sure we would wi n. 我确信我们会赢。shall与should这两个助动词本身没有词义，shall只能用于一般将来时的第一人称后；should是shall的过去时，只能用于过去将来时的第一人称后；两者后面都接动词原形。We shall meet at the school gate tomorrow. 我们明天将在校门口见。I told them that I should do the work alo ne. 我告诉他们我将独自做那项工作。三、链接中考1. （2008 南京）Did you see a girl in white pass by just n

17、ow?No, sir. Ia n ewspaper.A. read B. was readi ng C. would read D. am readi ng.答案：B【解析】此题考查的是过去进行时态。根据题意：我在那个时候正在看报，是过去 进行时。故选B。2. （2008 河北）How's Annie? Iher for a long time.A. don't see B. won't see C. did n't see D. have n't see n答案：D【解析】此题考查的是现在完成时态。“for a long time用于现在完成时态中，故

18、选D。3. （2008 杭州）Happ in ess _in her gra ndfather's eyes every time he hears her voice.A. shines B. is shone C. Has shone D. was shone答案：A【解析】此题考查的是一般现在时。根据句意每次听到他的声音，她的眼睛里闪烁着幸福”，所以用一般现在时。故选A。4. （2008 河南）Look! The light is still on in Mr. Zhan g's office.rm afraid hehis work yet.A. does n'

19、t finish B. did n't finish C. has n't fini shed D. won't finish答案：C【解析】考查动词时态。本题出现了yet通常用于现在完成时。我恐怕他也不能完成工作。故选C。5. (2008 福建三明)The grand buildingsin two years.A. were built B. are built C. will be built答案：C【解析】此题考查的是一般将来时的被动语态。“in 一段时间”用于一般将来时中,又句子的主语是物，所以用被动语态。故选C。6. (2008 湖北咸宁)Some of t

20、he plastic bags can'tafter June1.Yes, people will use environmen tal bags in stead.A. use B. be use C. be used D. are used答案：C【解析】此题考查的是含有情态动词的被动语态。根据句子的主语是物，可推知用 被动语态，又句子中有情态动词can't,故选Co四、分类训练I、适当形式填空现在进行时1. Look! The bus (come)2. What are the students doing?They (watch) a basketball match

21、on the playgro und.3. Liste n! Some one (cry) in the room.4. Wei Fang is ill. She ( stay) in bed now.5. Whatthey (do) now?They (climb ) the hill.一般现在时1. Tom often (watch) TV on Saturday?Yes, he.2. Li Fang (be) good at maths.3. He usually (watch) TV in the evening.4. My sister (not like ) swimming.5.

22、 They often (play) football after school.一般将来时1.1 don't know whether Motherme to Beiji ng next mon th. (take)2. I (write ) to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.3. I don't think that it (rain) tomorrow.4. They ( build) a new bridge over the river next year.5. The students (clean) their classro

23、om tomorrow.一般过去时1. Sheon her coat and went out. (put)2. When they (reach the station, the train had already left.3. The story (happen) long ago.4. He ( not do) his homework last night.5. The scientist (give) us a talk yesterday.过去进行时1. The twins(dig) a hole for a young tree at that time yesterday.2

24、. It (rain ) outside the n. He had to take the rain coat with him.3. They (do) their lessons at eight yesterday evening.4. Mr. Black (talk) with my mother when I saw him.5. The children (watch) TV at seven last night.6. His aunt (do ) some cooking when he came in.7. He (do ) his homework at eight ye

25、sterday.8. When his teacher came, he (talk) with his classmates.9. It was twelve o'clock at ni ght. Mr. Listill (work) in the tab.10. he ( do) his homework at eight last night?11. He ( mend) his motorbike when I saw him.12. John and his sister (pick) apples in the garden when we went to visit th

26、emthis morni ng.13. Who knocked at the door when I (sleep) ?14. Whatyou (do)from eight to ten yesterday morning?15. He (lie ) in bed when I came into the room.现在完成时1. Wei Fang isn't here. She (go) to the readi ng room.2. Zhang Hong (make)many friends since she came to Paris.3. She (work) in this

27、 factory for ten years.4. They (not hear) from each other since 1995.5. you (finish ) your homework yet?No, not yet.6. Where is Jim?He (go) to Canada.7. How longyou (be)at this school?8. I (have) breakfast already.9. She (study) En glish for three years.10. Inever (see) such a won derful match befor

28、e.参考答案：现在进行时：1. is coming 2. are watch ing 3. is crying 4. is stay ing 5. are doing, are climb ing一般现在时1. Does, watch, does, 2. is 3. watches4. does n't like 5. play一般将来时1. will take 2. will write 3. will rain4. will build 5. will clea n一般过去时1. put 2. reached 3. happe ned4. did n't do 5. gav

29、e过去进行时1. were diggi ng 2. was rai ning 3. were doing4. was talki ng 5. were watchi ng 6. was doing7. was doing 8. was talking 9. was, working10. was, doing 11. was mending 12. were pick ing13. was sleep ing 14. were, doing 15. was lying现在完成时1. has gone 2. has made 3. has worked4. have n't heard

30、5. have, fini shed 6. has gone7. have, bee n 8. have had 9. has studied10. have, see nn、单选选择现在进行时1.youyour homework now?A. Are, do B. Do, do C. Will, do D. Are, doi ng2. Look, theya good time.A. has B. have C. are havi ng D. had3. I can't find my pen. Can I use yours?Sorry, Iit now.A. am using B

31、. was using C. have used D. used4. youto the radio?No, you can turn it off.A. Did, liste n B. Have, liste ned C. Do, liste n D. Are, liste ning5. Look! Some childre ngames on the playgro und.A. is play ing B. are play ing C. are played D. is going to play6. Don't go out no w. Ithard.A. will rain

32、 B. is rains C. is rai ning D. raining7. Don't make any no ise. The teachersa meet ing.A. are havi ng B. is havi ng C. have D. will have8. I must go now. Li Leifor me at the school gate.A. wait B. waiti ng C. is waiti ng D. waits9. It's eight o'clock. The stude ntsan En glish class.A. ha

33、ve B. havi ng C. is havi ng D. are havi ng10. Liste n! Some onein the n ext room.A. sings B. is si nging C. are si nging D. is si ng一般现在时1. Jim usuallyup at five.A. get B. got C. is getti ng D. gets2. hehimself there?No, I don't think so.A. Do, enjoy B. Does, enjoies C. Does, enjoys D. Does, enj

34、oy3. He usuallyTV on Sun day evening.A. watch B. watches C. watch ing D. is watch ing4. He ofte nschool on foot.A. goes B. go to C. go D. goes to5. MikeTV twice a week.A. watch B. watches C. watched D. has watched6. I'll go with you as soon as Imy work.A. will finish B. finished C. finish D. wou

35、ld finish7. He will do better in En glish if heharder.A. will work B. works C. working D. work8. The supermarket is far from Lily's house. So sheonly once a week.A. goes shopp ing B. has bee n there C. was shopp ing D. has gone there9. Ask him if heto the party. If he, let me know.A. comes; come

36、s B. will come; comesC. comes, will come D. will come; will come10. What did the teacher say just now?He said that the earthround the sun.A. go B. goes C. going D. will go11. She will have a holiday as soon as shethe work next week.A. fini shes B. does n't finish C. will finish D. won't fini

37、sh12. your mothersome clea ning on Sun days?A. Does, does B. Do, does C. Does, do D. Do, do13. Tomto work hard to help his family?Yes, he.A. Has, X, does B. Has, X, doesC. Does, has, has D. Does, have, does14. Mr. Black oftenfishi ng on Sun days.A. go B. goes C. don't go D. is n't go15. We d

38、on't go to play with snow if ittomorrow.A. snow B. snows C. will snow D. sno wed16. Neither I nor heFrench.A. speak B. does n't speak C. speaks D. does n't speak17. your father usually go to work early every day?A. Was B. Were C. Do D. Does18. youEn glish every morning?A. Are, read B. Do

39、, read C. Does, read D. Are, readi ng19. I will give the note to him as soon as heback.A. get B. gets C. got D. will get20. The stude nts will go to the Great Wall if ittomorrow.A. is n't rain B. does n't rain C. don't rain D. rain一般将来时1. Theya basketball match n ext Sun day.A. watch B.

40、will watchC. watched D. are watch ing2. The Greensback in a week.A. is B. are C. will be D. was3. Therea party ton ight.A. will have B. is going to beC. is going to have D. was going to be4. Don't hurry! We can get to the bus stati on in time and wethe early bus.A. don't miss B. can miss C.

41、will miss D. won't miss5. Wea class meet ing this November.A. had B. have C. will have D. are hav ing6. Hein his garde n every morning n ext year.A. will work B. works C. worked D. is worki ng7. Be careful. The trai nA. will come B. come C. comes D. is coming8. Look at those clouds. Itsoon, I

42、9;m afraid.A. is going to rain B. is rai ning C. will rain D. won't rain9. The radio says itthe day after tomorrow.A. is going to snow B. is snowing C. will snow D. snows10. hesome shopp ing tomorrow after noon ?A. Will, does B. Is, going to do C. Is, doing D. Shall, do一般过去时1. Wea football match

43、 three weeks ago.A. have B. will have C. had D. are hav ing2. Our teacherEn glish on the radio the day before yesterday.A. teaches B. taught C. will teach D. had taught3. youout for a walk after supper?Yes, I.A. Did, went, went B. Did, go, went C. Did, we nt, did D. Did, go, did4. Tom and Jim in the

44、 classroom just now?A. Was B. Are C. Were D. Is5. When Iher in the hall, she was play ing the pia no.A. see B. saw C. will see D. am see ing6. He tur ned off the lights and the nthe classroom.A. leaves B. will leave C. is leaving D. left7. a sports meeti ng last Sun day ? Yes, they.A. Did they have,

45、 did B. Did they have, hadC. Had they, had D. Had they, did8. Mr. KingChi na last year.A. visit B. visited C visits D. visit ing9. Our headmasterhere a mome nt ago.A. is B. was C. are D. were10. Theythe lost child last night.A. finded B. finds C. found D. find过去进行时1. Ia letter at nine last ni ght.A.

46、 is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. is writing2. Whatyouabout whe n the teacher came into the classroom?A. are, talki ng B. are, talkC. were, talk D. were, talki ng3. I called you yesterday evening, but there was no an swer.Oh, I am sorry. Idinner at my frien d's home.A. have B. had C. was ha

47、vi ng D. have had4. Li Pinghis bike at this time yesterday.A. would mend B. has men dedC. was mending D. men ded5. “ Whatyouat noon yesterday?”"Ithe clothes. ”A. were, doing, was washi ngB. are, doing, was wash ingC. did, do, am wash ingD. do, do, wash ing6. The teacher and writerdoing morni ng

48、 exercises this time yesterday.A. is B. was C. are D. were7. When we got to the small village at the foot of mountain, ithard.A. is rai ning B. rained C. was rai ning D. were rai ning8. Mrs. Blackwith my mother whe n I saw her an hour ago.A. talks B. was talki ngC. has talked D. is talki ng9. What w

49、ere you doing last ni ght?Ian in teresti ng no vel.A. am look ing B. was look ingC. am readi ng D. was read ing10. What was Sasha doing whe n Misha kn ocked at the door?A. Yes, he was cook ing. B. He is watch ing TV.C. No, he isn't in. D. He was writing a letter.现在完成时1.1in Beiji ng since 1956.A.

50、 will live B. live C. have lived D. lived2. Mr. Liin Shan ghai since he was born.A. lived B. lives C. has lived D. will live3. Where is Mr. Li? Heto Lon do n.A. has gone B. went C. will go D. go4. Hefrom Beiji ng for three years.A. has bee n away B. has goneC. has left D. has come5. Lucy,you your ti

51、cket?Not yet.A. did; find B. have; foundC. has; found D. do; find6. Ithe pen for two weeks.A. have bought B. have borrowedC. have had D. have lent7. How long have youthe book? For two weeks.A. borrowed B. keptC. lent D. bought8. How many timesyouto Beiji ng this year?Three times.A. have; been B. had

52、; beenC. have; gone D. had; gone9.1to Shan ghai three times.A. have gone B. have bee nC. went D. go10. Wang Haihis homework and now he is watch ing TV.A. has fini shed B. fini shedC. will finish D. finishes11. The Green familyLondon for n early two years.They all miss their hometow n very much.A. le

53、ft B. will leaveC. have left D. have bee n away from12. Her gra ndpare ntsfor ten years.A. died B. have diedC. were dead D. have bee n dead13. How long have youthe motorbike?For about two weeks.A. bought B.hadC. borrowed D. le nt14. My un cleBeijing last week. Heaway for a week.A. left, has left B.

54、will leave, has bee nC. left, has bee n D. left, was15. you everto the Un ited States?Yes, twice.A. Have, gone B. Have, bee nC. Do, go D. Were, going16. Excuse me, look at the sign NO PHOTOS!Sorry, Iit.A. don't see B. did n't seeC. have n't see n D. won't see17. The En glish teacher

55、isn't here. Sheto the office.A. has bee n B. has goneC. would go D. went18. “ How long has Jim ?”“ For about eight weeks. ”A. gone away B. left homeC. bee n away D. retur ned home19. Mr. Brow nmany friends si nee he came to Ch ina.A. has made B. has makeC. makes D. is going to make20. “youa new

56、dictionary?”“ Not yet.A. Has, buy B. Has, boughtC. Did, buy D. Have, bought参考答案：现在进行时：1 -5 DCADB 6 10 CACDB一般现在时：1 -5 DDBDB 6 10 CBABB 11 15 ACDBB 16 20 CDBBB一般将来时：1 -5 BCBDC 6 10 ADACB一般过去时：1-5 CBDCB 6 10 DABBC过去进行时：1-5 BDCCA 6 10 BCBDD现在完成时：1-5 CCAAB 6 10 CBABA 11 15 DDBCB 16 20 CBCAD川、综合习题精选1. His father any wash ing in the morning.A. does n't do B. does n't C. does n't does D. does n't does2. I 1000 En glish words by the end of last term.A.