关于英语中虚拟语气的用法介绍

1、关于英语中虚拟语气的用法介绍虚拟语气用于if引出的与现在、过去及将来事实相反的条件句中。1与现在事实相反的假设从句的谓语动词用过去式,系动词用were,主句的谓语用“should(would,could,might+动词原形”。If he were here,he would be greatly surprised.The spaceship would burn up if it went too close to the stars.2与过去事实相反的假设从句的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”,主句用“should(would,could,might+have+过去分词”。If I had

2、 been more careful,I wouldn't have made so many silly mistake s.3对将来发生的事实的假设从句的谓语动词用“should(were to+动词原形”,主句用“should(would,could,might+动词原形”,主从句的谓语动词也可和“与现在事实相反的假设”的谓语相同。If you should miss the chance,you would feel sorry for it.If you missed the chance,you would feel sorry for it.4错综时间条件句主句和从句的动

3、作发生时间不一致,动词的形式应根据所表示的时间做出调整。If I were you,I would have attended the lecture.(从句表示现在时间,主句表示过去时间5连词if的省略条件句中连词if可以省略,但从句要倒装,即将would,had,should等置于主语前。Were he here this afternoon,I would go with him.虚拟语气用于wish后的宾语从句中,表示现在、过去或将来不太可能实现的愿望1表示现在的愿望谓语动词用一般过去式,系动词用were。I wish I knew his address.I wish he were

4、 a teacher.2表示过去的愿望谓语动词用“had+过去分词”I wish I had not told him the news.3表示将来的愿望谓语动词用“would(could,might+动词原形”。I wish I could read the novel in English.3.用于as if等引起的从句中虚拟语气用于as if(as though引起的状语从句或表语从句中,表示与现在、过去或将来的情况不符,其谓语动词形式与wish后宾语从句的形式相同。He often treats me as if I were a child.Peter talked as if he

5、 had really been there.He acts as if he would be a football star.She looks as if she were ill.4.用于特定词语后的宾、主、表及同位语从句中虚拟语气用于表示要求、建议、命令等意义的动词、名词及形容词后的宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句及同位语从句中。其形式都是“sould+动词原形”,should 可省略。1用于宾语从句中常用的动词:ask,advise,command,decide,demand,insist,order,propose,request,require ,suggest等。He insis

6、ted that we all(should be in his office at six.The doctor suggested that she (should take a trip.2用于主语从句中常用的结构:It is+形容词或过去分词+主语从句(用虚拟语气常见的形容词或分词:essential,urgent,necessary,important,advisable,natural,desired,demand ed,ordered,required,suggested等。It is necessary that this machine(should be oiled eve

7、ry day.It is required that the machine be tested.3用于表语从句或同位语从句中常用的名词:advice,command,demand,desire,idea,order,proposal,request requirement 等。His suggestion is that we go out on a picnic next Sunday.(表语从句 His suggestion that we go out on a picnic next Sunday is wonderful.(同位语从句5. 用于“it is time+从句”中虚拟语

8、气用于“It is(high,abouttime+从句”这一结构中,从句谓语动词用过去式,表示早该做而仍未做的事。It is high time that we went back to college.6.用于would rather等引起的从句中虚拟语气用于wouldhad rather(would prefer,would sooner引起的从句中,其谓语动词用过去式,表示当时或将来的情况;其谓语动词用“had+过去分词”,表示过去的情况。I would rather you didn't tell him anything about it.She would prefer t

9、hat she had not stayed at home last night.虚拟语气用于lest或in case引起的状语从句中,其谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should一般不可省。He took his umbrella with him in case it should rain.without,but for,but that等引出的短语可表示虚拟条件意义,主句用虚拟语气。Without a computer,they would not have finished their calculation so quickly.条件从句有两类,一是真实条件句,另一是虚拟

10、条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生,就是真实条件句,这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。如:If time permits, well go fishing together.如果时间允许,我们就一起去钓鱼。如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。如:If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor.如果你昨天来,你就会见到那位著名的教授了。(隐含的事实是:你昨天没来,也没见到那位著名教授。在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气,现将其形式列表如下:动词形式 时间从句主句与现在事实相反动词

11、过去式(be的过去式用werewould(could/should/might+动词原形与过去事实相反had+动词过去分词would(could/should/might+have 过去分词与将来事实可能相反动词过去式should+动词原形were to+动词原形would(could/should/might+动词原形注:主句中的should只用于第一人称,但在美国英语中,should常被would代替,would 可以用在任何的人称;从句中的should可用于各种人称。1.表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如:If I were you, I should(would ,could, mig

12、httell him the truth. 要是我是你,我就会告诉他真相了。(事实上我不是你If she had time, she would(could, mighthelp me.如果她有时间,她就会帮我了。(事实上她没有时间2 表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如:If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I should(would, could, mighthave telephoned you.如果昨天我知道了你的电话号码,我就会给你打电话了。(事实上我昨天不知道你的电话号码。If you had taken my advice

13、, you wouldnt(couldnt have failed in the exam.如果你听了我的建议,你就不会考试不及格。(事实上你根本没听我的。3 表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如:If it should rain, the crops would(could, mightbe saved.假如天下雨,庄稼可能就收获了。-What would happen if I put the paper on the fire?-It would burn.-我若把只放在火上会怎么样?-纸会烧着。注:在表示与将来事实可能相反的条件从句中,were to + 动词原形比较正式,常用于书

14、面语中。如:If you were to go to Beijing, you would (could, might have a chance to visit Tian An Men Square.1 He suggested that the meeting put off.A. not beB. should notC.wouldnt D. be not2 What would have happened if you her child?A. hadnt helpedB. couldnt helpC. wouldnthelp D. didnt help3 It is strange

15、 that he so.A. thinksB. thinkC.thought D. will think4 If I with her last summer, I with her now.A. workedam getting on very wellB. had workedwould get on very wellC. had worked would have got on very wellD. had workedwill get on very well5 I wish I my uncle yesterday.A. metB. have metC. wouldmeet D.

16、 had met6 The old professor gave orders that the experiment before 6.A. was finishedB. will finishC. befinished D. shall be finished7 Its high time he home.A. goesB. wentC. willgo D. is going to go8 you succeed and you be healthy.A. MaymayB. WishwishC. HopehopeD. Shouldmay9 Galileo insisted that the

17、 earth round the sun.A. should moveB. moveC.moves D.A or B10 I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I to the meeting.A. cameB. would comeC. hadcome D. would have come11 Supposing the weather bad, where would they go?A. will beB. isC.were D. be12 your letter, I would have started off two days ago.A. If

18、 I receivedB. Should I receiveC. If I could have receivedD. Had I received13 If only I to my parents advice!A. listeningB. listenC. amlistening D. had listened14 If it rain next week, the farmers could still have a good harvest.A. shouldB. couldC.would D. might15 -Why didnt you come to the party yes

19、terday?-I , but an unexpected visitor came to see me.A. didB. wouldC.had D. was going to16 Id rather you me the news.A. not tellB. not to tellC. didnttell D. hadnt told17 I to stay there for one more week, but I changed my mind.A. would have hopedB. was hopingC. had hopedD. hoped18 His silence at th

20、e meeting suggested that he to your plan.A. shouldnt agreeB. wouldnt agreeC. hadntagreed D. didnt agree19 He the job well, but he so careless.A. hadnt done, had beenB. could have done, wasC. could do, wasD. had done, hadbeen 20 Li Ling acted that way as though he A. were be D. is B. had been a foreigner. C. should 08 年 6 月 21 四级考试考中答案最终整理版 完毕 A卷 快速阅读 ABBCABC 8.quite homogeneous,but small 9.relationship with