定语从句整体教学初探

1、学习必备欢迎下载谓语定语宾语宾补地点状语时间状语whe n原因状语whywhere关系副词的整体呈现及对应概念。关系代词主语who，that宾语whom，who定语whose主语that, which宾语that, which, X定语whosethat,人 物（宾语动宾介宾介词in which=whe n /where提前置后定语从句整体教学初探牟维国一、定语从句是跨越初中高中阶段的一个语法项目，学生学习理解难度大。多年来，针对这 一语法难题，我进行了大量的教学实践，采取了整体教学的方法，取得了良好的效果。现将自己 教学中的体会和做法整理如下。二、现在英语教学中淡化英语语法教学，并且这一观点

2、也渗透到语文教学中，过分强调学生的自学能力以及在创设的虚假的交际中领悟英语的能力，而忽视了必要的语法教学。特别是对于定语从句这一主从复合句而言，由于平时没有对学生进行适当的句子成分及句子结构训练，而加大了学生对这一语法的理解难度，导致定语从句教学事倍功半。学生感到听不懂，难理解。所以 平时教学中我注意培养学生对一些基本句型的理解，特别是五种基本英语句型的掌握。简单的句 子成分如主语、谓语、宾语、定语，状语、疑问代词、疑问副词的讲解就在平时的教学中加以渗 透，适当集中，逐步培养学生的理解能力。由于前期工作准备充分，所以在讲授这一语法项目时， 学生接受快，理解透，掌握牢固。、定语从句集中教学中的几

3、个注意事项1。加强对简单句的句型结构强化训练，注重对特殊疑问句中疑问代词疑问副词的准确把 握，以便于学生能够和定语从句中的关系代词关系副词区分开来。2。平时教学中应注意到句子中中心词和修饰词的区别。3。重点教授主从复合句概念，先易后难，删繁就简，让学生知道定语从句就是一修饰成 分，是把定语扩展成了一个句子。四、定语从句整体教学框架结构图1。句子成分及疑问代词、疑问副词的整体教学。The woman in red found her baby crying at home yesterday because he was ill.主语 定语whose whom疑代/副who which2。关系代

4、词、状语关系副词地点where时间whe n原因why3。定语从句整体结构图及详解。主句定语从句先行词+ 关代/关副（连接、成分）定从whosI met a personwho/that(his) father is a teacher.人、定语(he) is from America. 人、主语my father he(him) once.whom/who/that/XI have a roomd ( with him) for 5 years. 人、介词宾语、介词提前I have worked with ( him) for 5 years. 十一词宾语、介词置后with whomI ha

5、vewhom/who/that/Xwhich/thatwhos(jtsj物、windows are big.定语is small.主语物、my father bought (it) for me.*物、宾语I have livedJ(Ji)for 5 years.介词宾语、介词置后in it) for 5 years. 介词宾语、介词提前(in it) for 5 year. 地点状语which/that/X、I havein whichI havwhere物、which/that/X/ (it) has a sp ecial meaning to me.that/which/时间、物、主语I

6、 was born (on that day).May 1st is a dayon whic、状语(介词必须提前)JI got married (on that day)when间状语I will n ever forget (the day).that/which/X 时间、兵语4。定语从句和同位语从句的区别The reasonwhy he fell into the river made the teacher angry.原因状语The reasonthat he fell into the river made the teacher angry.同位语从句The n ews tha

7、t l have p assed the exam is true我 通过了考试这一消息是真的。（同位语从句，即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。）The news that he told me just now is true他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。定语从句，从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用，即他告诉我的”那个消息，而不是别的消息。）5。关系代词关系副词和疑问代词疑问副词的区别关系代词关系副词必须在定语从句中做成分，不表示疑问；疑问代词疑问副词是用来构成特殊疑问句，用来提问未知的人、物、时间、地点等。6。注意特殊情况that/which区别（属于高中内容）通过多年来的教学实践，定语从句整体

8、教学简单易懂，容易掌握，对学生进一步学习深造 起到了事半功倍的效果。II. that 与 which, who, whom 的用法区另U：定语从句区别例句限制性定 语从句中名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as不能用whichHe is not such a fool as he looks.Don t read such books as you can t u非限制性 定语从句 中as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有 “正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可 以放在后面，那么用 as;而which引导的从句只 能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。They won

9、the game, as we had exp ected.They won the game, which we hadn t exAs is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.III. as 与 which 的区另U：n dersta nd.pected.情况用法说明例句只用that的情况1.先行词为 all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。2.先行词被 all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few

10、等修饰时3.先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时4.先行词既指人又指物时5.先行词被the only, the very修饰时6.句中已经有 who或which时，为了避免重复时1. He told me everyth ing that he kno ws.2. All the books that you offered has bee n give n out.3. This is the best film that I have ever read.4. We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.5. He is

11、 the only man that I want to see.6. Who is the man that is making a speech?只用 which, who, whom 的情 况1.在非限制性定语从句中，只能用 which指代物，用 who/whom 指人2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。3.先行词本身是that时，关系词用 which,先行词为 those, one, he 时多用 who。He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.I like the person to whom the teacher is talki ng.Those who respect others are usually resp ected by others.IV.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别:类别语法意义及特征例句限制性定语从 句对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完 整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗 号分开。The acc