Unit3Grammar1

1、东海二中高二英语备课组主备人：郭小娣 张艳红编号:Unit 3 Science and natureGrammar and usage :Verb-ed formTeach ing ObjectivesAfter lear ning, stude nts will be able to:1. know differe nt functions of verb-ed forms as an adjective or an adverb.2. the p assive meanings and p ast meanings of verb-ed forms过去分词动词-ed形式的句法功能：规则动词

2、的过去分词是由“_+ -ed”构成，不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则。在功用上，过去分词具有形容词和副词的特点。可在句中作定 语，表语，补足语和状语。一过去分词做定语1单个的动词-ed形式往往放在被修饰词之前，动词的-ed短语则放在名词之后。We only sell used books in our bookstore.They bought a new car made in Jap an.2过去分词作定语，此时相当于一个定语从句。I thi nk the n ames men ti oned in your article are in teresti ng=I think the

3、 namesin your article are interesting .3大多数的过去分词表示被动含义，但也有一些过去分词用来表示动作已完成，如escaped,retired和fallen等。比较下列短语：the highly p raised scie ntistthe retired scie ntist注意：1）过去分词和-ng分词作定语的区别：boili ng waterdeve loping coun triesfalli ng leavesboiled waterdeveloped countries falle n leaves（表示将来的动作）_ （表示正在进行的动作）_

4、 （表示完成的动作）2非谓语动词的被动式作定语的三种形式: the bridge to be builtthe bridge being builtthe bridge built及时练习：1. Don't use words, exp ressi ons, or p hrasesonly to people with sp ecific kno wledge.A. being known B. havi ng bee n known C. to be knownD. known2. The first textbooks for teachi ng En glish as a for

5、eig n Ian guage came out in the 16thB. to be writte nD. writte ncen tury.A. hav ing writte nB. to be writte nC. being writte n3 P rices of daily goodsthrough a compu ter can be lower tha n store p rices.A. are bought B. boughtC. bee n boughtD. buying4 Mrs. White showed her stude nts some old mapsfro

6、m the library.A. to borrowB. to be borrowedC. borrowedD. borrowi ng5. The p layersfrom the whole country are exp ected to bring us honor in this summer game.A. select ingB. to selectC. selectedD. havi ng selected二过去分词做表语主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。Don 'touch the glass because it is broken.如：1)He felt disa

7、 ppoin ted after his request was refused.My gran dfather was delighted to hear I p assed my exams.2)3)特别提醒：过去分词和-ng分词作表语的区别：过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态或感受，而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征。Heari ng the n ews, we felt very surp rised.The n ews is very sur prising.amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; disa ppo inting, d

8、isa ppo inted; exciti ng, excited; pu zzling, pu zzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, ti red; p leasing, p leased; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonis 等有类似的 用法。及时练习：1. As we joined the big crowd I gotfrom my friends. ( NMET 2001)abroad due to the volca nic ash cloud.A.

9、sep aratedB. sp aredC. lostD. missed2. In Ap ril, thousa nds of holidaymakers remainedA. stick ingB. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck3. The p ilot asked all the p asse ngers on board to rema inas the plane was making a landing.A. seatB. seati ngC. seatedD. to be seat ing4. - rm verywith my own

10、cook in g. It looks nice and smells delicious.Mm. It does have a smell.A. pl easa nt; pl eased B. p leased; pl eased C. p leasa nt; p leasa ntD. p leased; pl easa nt三过去分词做宾语补足语1. 通常用在感官动词和使役动词( see,hear , notice,watch,keep,find,get,have,fee等)宾语后，以及with的复合结构中。例女0 1 After the robbery, they found the f

11、ront windows broken. 2 When will you have your tooth exam in ed? 3 With his homework done, he started to watch TV 一2.当这类句子变成被动语态时，过去分词用作主语补语。如:One of the glasses was found broke n. They should be kept in formed of the situati on there. 注意：动词have后所接的三种宾语补语：have somebody/something do something 表示一次性的动

12、作。如：Jim often has his father help him with his homework. have somebody /something doing something-ing 分词作补语，强调动作的延续或正在进行。 We won have the child talking to his mother like that.我们不能让那个孩子那样对他的妈妈 说话。have somebody/something done过去分词作补语，宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系, 通常有两种情况： 主语让别人做某事，强调主语的意志。如：Later on the cen ter

13、had a great many new trees plan ted. 后来，这个中心让人种了很多树。 他昨天理发了。 主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境，说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为。如：He had his leg broke n in the match last month.在战争中，他失去了一只眼睛。 及时练习：1. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always kee ps her colleagueswith her stories.D. to be amused（2010辽宁）in the medical circles.A. amus

14、edB. amus ingC. to amuse2. Alexa nder tried to get his workA. to recog nizeB. recog nizingC. recog nize3. The living rooom is clean and tidy,with a dining table already A laidB layi ngC to lay4. Claire had luggage an hour befor her plane left .A . checkB . checkingC. to checkD.recog ni zedfor a meal

15、 to be cooked.D bei ng laidD. checked55. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to kee p himselfof his own dreamsA . remi ndi ngB . to remi ndC. remin dedD . renmind过去分词短语：过去分词后带有宾语或状语构成过去分词短语。when或while来强调时间概念1表示时间相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词1） See n from the top of the hill, the city looks

16、 more beautiful.（改为从句）2）with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. （ 04 湖北）A. Compare B. When comparing C. ComparingD. When comp ared2表示原因相当于一个原因状语从句1） Shocked by the article, the woma n wrote a letter to the n ews paper.2）（改为从句）for the breakdow n of the school com

17、pu ter n etwork, Alice was in low sp irits.B. BlamedA. Blami ng3表示条件相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用C. To blameD. To be blamedif等词1)2)Treated with electricity, the cell tissue will sp lit into several p arts.（改为从句）into En glish, the sentence was found to have an en tirely differe nt word order.A. Tran slati ng

18、B. Tran slatedC. To tran slateD. Having tran slated表示让步 相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句Laughed at by many people, he continued his study（ 改为从句）5表示伴随情况或方式1）The trainer appeared, followed by six little dogs. 2）He walked up and down the room, lost in thought. 1) The murderer was brought in, with his handsbehind his back. (2006 全国)C. to be tiedD. tiedA. being tiedB. havi ng tied2) It shames me to say it, but I told a lie whe nat the meeti ng by my boss.A. questi oningB. have questio nedC. questi onedD. to be questi oned3) in the mount