北师大版八年级上册英语Unit3词汇和语法基础(解析版)(2)

1、北师大版八年级上册英语Unit 3词汇和语法基础（解析版）人总知识精讲一、必背词汇 popular adj.受欢迎的 race n.赛跑 rope n.绳 record n.纪录；记录；唱片 bit n.少量；少许 sick adj.想呕吐的；生病的 active adj.活跃的：积极的 joke v.开玩笑n.玩笑 weak adj.弱的，虚弱的 size n.大小，尺寸 average adj.平均的 Olympic adj.奥林匹克运动会的 diving n.跳水，跳水运动 gymnastics n.体操 weightlifting n.举重 athlete n.运动员 compete

2、v.竞争，对抗 national adj.国家的；民族的 champion n.冠军，第一名 gymnast n.体操运动员 diver n.跳水运动员 medal n.奖牌，奖章 competition n.竞争；比赛 metre n.米 gold n.金adj.金色的 weightlifter n.举重运动员 runner n.赛跑的人 expedition n.探险 pole n.极；地极：柱子explorer n.探险者north n.北adj.北部的worst adj.最差的，最坏的accident n.意外；事故prepare v.准备artificial adj.人工的，假的ca

3、reful adj.仔细的;认真的ice n.冰better adj.较好的;更好的worse adj.更差的，更坏的arrive v.到达，抵达brave adj.勇敢的success n.成功，胜利event n.比赛项目；事情jumper n.跳跃者二、重点词汇1. popular adjective / popjslsr/1) . liked, enjoyed, or supported by many people 受大众喜爱的，受欢迎的 例句：Shes the most popular teacher in school.她是学校里最受欢迎的老师。That song was pop

4、ular with people from my father/s generation.那首歌在我爸爸那一代人中很流行。2) . for or involving ordinary people rather than experts or very educated people普及的，大众的例句：The issue was ignored by the popular press.这件事被通俗报刊忽视了。The popular myth is that air travel is more dangerous than travel by car or bus.一个普遍的错误之说是乘飞机

5、比开车和乘公共汽车都要危险。2. competition noun / kompatijan/1) . a situation in which someone is trying to win something or be more successful than someone else竞争例句：Theres a lot of competition between computer companies.计算机公司间的竞争很激烈。The two companies are in competition with each other.两家公司相互竞争。2) . an organized

6、event in which people try to win a prize by being the best, fastest, etc.竞赛，比赛例句：Shes entered a crossword competition.她参加了纵横填字比赛。You dont need to eat so quickly! Its not a competition.你不必吃得这么快！又不是比赛。3. record verb & noun1) .v. /r/k)d/ to store sounds or moving pictures using electronic equipment录制；录

7、(音)；录(像)例句：We recorded their wedding on video.我们给他们的婚礼录了像。She recorded her first CD at the age of 12.她在12岁时录制了她的第一个CDo2) . n. /reko:d/ a piece of information of an event that is written on paper or stored on a computer i已 录；记载例句：The weather centre keeps a record of the weather.气象中心对天气情况都备有记录。This su

8、mmer has been the hottest on record.今年夏天是有史以来最热的。4. sick adjective /sik/1) . physically or mentally ill; not well or healthy 生病的，患病的，不舒服的例句：The old woman fell sick while she was away and had to come home.那个老妇人出门在外时生病了，不得不回家。Sarah called in sick.萨拉打电话来请了病假。2) . feeling ill as if you are going to vomi

9、t 恶心的，想吐的例句：Lucy felt sick the morning after the party.露西在聚会后的第二天早上觉得恶心。If you eat any more of that cake, youll make yourself sick.如果再吃那块蛋糕，你会觉得想吐。5. success noun /sskses/1) . Uthe achieving of the results wanted or hoped for 成功；胜利例句：The success rate for this operation is very low.这种手术的成功率非常低。Ive be

10、en trying to persuade her to take on more people, but so far without success.我一直在劝她再雇些人，不过到目前为止都没成功。2) . C something that achieves positive results 成功的事物例句：Both films have been a big box-office success.两部电影都在这个国家获得了巨大的票房成功。Shes determined to make a success of this project.她下定决心要让这个项目大获成功。6. explorer

11、 noun /ikspb:r3r/someone who travels to places where no one has ever been in order to find out what is there勘探者；考察者；探险者例句：Magellan was a famous 16th-century explorer.麦哲伦是16世纪著名的探险家。The first recorded visit to the island by a European explorer occurred in the sixteenth century.据资料记载，第一位访问小岛的人是一位欧洲探险家

12、，时间为十六世纪。7. accident noun /出ksidant/something bad that happens that is not expected or intended and that often damages something or injures someone意外；不测；事人例句：Josh had an accident and sp川ed water all over his work.乔希不小心把作业上洒得都是水。She was injured in a car accident.她在一起车祸中受伤了。8. prepare verb /pnpesr/1)

13、. to make or get something or someone ready for something that will happen in the future准备，预备；把准备好，使预备好例句：Have you prepared for your interview?你作好面试的准备了吗？Shell prepare the food ahead of time and freeze it.她会提前准备好食物并冷冻起来。2) . to expect that something will happen and to be ready for it(在思想上或心理上)作好准备：防

14、范例句：It almost seems as if she is preparing to die.看来她好像己经作好了赴死的准备。You need to prepare yourself for a long wait.你需要作好长时间等待的准备。9. artificial adjective / a:tifij9l/1) . made by people, often as a copy of something natural 人造的， 人工的： 仿造的例句：Well, how about this artificial leather purse?好，这款人造皮革的怎么样？If you

15、 are using an artificial vine, simply wind it around the wreath.如果你用的是人造的藤，只要简单地绕在花环上就可以了。2) . not sincere虚假的，不真诚的；矫揉造作的例句：Their cheerfulness seemed rather strained and artificial.他们的高兴表情看上去非常做作虚伪。10. compete verb /ksmpizt/1) . to try to be more successful than someone or something else 竞争例句：Its dif

16、ficult for a small shop to compete against/with the big supermarkets.小超市很难同大超市竞争。Both girls compete for their fathers attention.两个女孩在父亲面前争宠。2) . to take part in a race or competition 参加赛跑;参与竞争;争夺例句：Are you competing in the 100 metres?你参加100米赛跑吗？The two athletes are competing for the gold medal.这两位选手

17、在争夺金牌。11. event noun /i vent/1) . anything that happens, especially something important or unusual(尤指重大或不寻常的)事情，事件例句：This years Olympic Games will be the biggest ever sporting event.4/17北师大版八年级上册英语Unit 3词汇和语法基础(解析版)(2)今年的奥林匹克运动会将是历史上规模最大的体育盛事。Susannahs party was the social event of the year.苏珊娜办的聚会是

18、当年社交界的一件盛事。2) . one of a set of races or competitions (比赛的)项目例句：The womens 200 metre event will be followed by the mens 100 metres. 女子200米跑之后是男子100米跑项目。三、必背短语1. arrive at 至lj达3. do pull-up做引体向上5. do sit-up做仰卧起坐7. climb a rope 爬绳9. break the record 打破记录11. be popular with受的欢迎13. succeed in doing 成功做某

19、事15. not only.but also不但而且17. a bit稍微;有点儿2. horse-riding 骑马4. do push-up做俯卧撑6. run a race 赛跑8. do the high jump 跳高10. go down 下降12. give up doing sth.放弃做某事14. take place 发生，举行16. get ready for.为做准备四、经典句型2.1 always give up half way through.我总是半路放弃。2. She began swimming at the age of eight.她八岁开始游泳。3.

20、The Polish boy had an accident and lost half his left leg and half his right arm.这个波兰男孩在一次事故中失去了半条左腿和半条右臂。4. Janek gave the best answer of his life.詹尼克做出了他一生中最好的回答。5. Janek prepared for the trips for a few months.詹尼克用了几个月的时间为旅行做准备。6. They finally arrived at the South Pole on December 31st, 2004.他们最终

21、在2004年12月31 口到达了南极。人近三点剖析一、考点1 .掌握本课核心词汇和固定搭配。2 ,比较级和最高级用法形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的形式。1) .用法比较级用于二者的比较，表示比更，形容词、副词的比较级常与than连。 例句：Mary is older than Jenny.He can run faster than me.最高级用于二者以上的比较，表示最例句：Peter is the oldest boy of them all.Jeremy did the best in the test.2) .形式*比较级和最高级的构成。单音节词和一些双音节词以加-er和-est的方法

22、构成。变化方式举例一般情况直接加-er或-estsmallsmaller smallest以e结尾的加-r或-stlarge larger largest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i,再加-er或-estbusy busier busiest以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母再加-er或-estbig bigger biggest*其他双音节和多音节词在词前加more和most构成比较级和最高级原级比较级最高级importantmore importantmost importantslowlymore importantmost important*有些词的比较级和

23、最高级变化是不规则的原级比较级最高级good/ wellbetterbestbadworseworstfarfarther/ furtherfarthest/ furthestoldolder/elderoldest/ eldestlittlelessleastmuch/ manymoremost例题：Lucy is of the two.A. quietB. quietestC. quieterD. the quieter【答案】D【解析】考查比较级和最高级用法。根据。门生加。可知要用比较级，而此处是特指，故加定冠词the, 故选D。二、易错点older/elder 和 farther/fu

24、rther 的区别1. older 与 elder1)用于家人之间表示长幼关系，通常用elder (在美国英语中也用older)。例句：ones elder (older) brother 哥哥the elder (older) daughter 大女儿2) elder有时用作转义，指职位、身份较高的人。例句：You are all elder statesmen.你们都是政治元老/资深政客。3) older专指年龄的大小而言，既可用于一个家庭成员之间，又可用于非同一家庭成员之间。 例句：My elder brother is twelve years older than I.我的哥哥比我大

25、十二岁。Mr. Chen is older than me.陈先生比我年长。4) older只能用作形容词，elder既可作形容词，又可作名词。例句：Tom, you should be humble enough. They are all our elders.汤姆，你要谦虚些，他们都是我们的长辈。6/17北师大版八年级上册英语Unit 3词汇和语法基础（解析版）5)最后记住，older常与than连用，但是elder决不能和than连用。例句：正：He is older than me.误：He is elder than me.2. farther 与 further：1) .两者均可

26、用来指实际的距离，既空间上的距离。例句：We cannot go any farther/further without a rest.不休息一下的话就走不动了。The service desk is at the farther/further end of the hall.咨询处在大厅稍往里的地方。2) . further还可用于比喻意义上的距离或深度，如时间、程度和数量等，表示更多，更进一步 例句：We intend to stay for a further two months.我们打算再停留两个月。The problem will be further discussed at

27、the class meeting.这个问题在班会上还将进一步讨论。I may be able to give you some further information about it.关于这个问题，我还可以给你一些信息。例题:-Who is, Jim or Jack?Jim. By the way, I heard that Jims father wants to send him to the US for education.A. older; fartherB. older; furtherC. elder, fartherD. elder, further【答案】B【解析】考查比

28、较级用法。主要考查。/dWe/der和加竹e/加山夕的区别，根据相应知识点，故选B。人破题模精选题模一：Units词汇应用例 1.1.1 Is your father at home?-No, hes working late the office.A.onB.atC.ofD.to例1.1.2根据括号提示填空1) . Tommy is an explorer. Hed like to go to the G匕) Pole one day.2) . The TV play is (popular) than that one.题模二：比较级和最高级例 1.2.1 Which is, the su

29、n, the moon or the earth?-Of course the sun.A.the smallestB.biggerC.the biggestD.smaller例1.2.2根据中文提示完成句子1) .刘翔擅长跑步。Liu Xiang.2) .蒂姆比去年强健多了。Tim is than last year.起随堂练习随练 1.1 Doctor, I feel very. lcant stand for a minute. What should I do?A.strongB. braveC.sillyD.weak随练 1.2 place do you prefer to live

30、 in, a big city or a small village?A.WhereB.WhichC.HowD.Why随练L3 Mr. Smith asked Tom the question.A.answerB.to answerC.answeringD.answers随练1.4根据括号提示完成句子1. Every professional athlete wants to take part in the （奥林匹克运动会的）Games.2. When he was only ten, he played for his （国家的）team.3. He runs 2,000 （米）ever

31、y morning in order to keep healthy.4. He is a （举重）athlete. He is very strong and healthy （解决）these problems by myself?5. Cindy is the （young） girl in her class.6. Today is the （happy） day in my life.7. Tom is a slow boy. Bill is even （slow）.8.1 think climbing a rope is very （easily）.随练1.5单词拼写（l）This

32、 young nurse can look after these（患病的）people very well.（2）You must be（小心的）when you go out at night.（3）Believing in yourself is the first step on the road to（成功）.随练1.6句子翻译他将跳远的世界纪录保持了多久？How long did he the world in the long jump?自行车运动不如跳水运动有趣.Cycling is interesting diving.李明是我们队个子最高的队员，他（球）打得也最棒.Li M

33、ing is player in our team, and he plays随练 1.7 Do you like playing table tennis or swimming?-Table tennis. I think it is than swimming.A.excitingB.more boringC.more excitingD.boringin our class.B.funny boyD.funnier boys随练 1.8 David is one of theA.funniest boyC.funniest boys.Q度能力拓展拓展 1 -Do you have th

34、e news about Anna?-I was told she had gone abroad on June 15th,butl dont know whether she is there now.A.latestB.funniestC.longestD.worstin her class.B.other studentsD.the other student拓展 2 Susan is taller thanA.any studentC.any other student拓展 3 -How are you feeling today?D.well-Much, I can go to s

35、chool tomorrow.A.healthyB.betterC.best拓展4 The books on my table are cheaper than.A.one in your bagB.the ones on yoursC.yourD.you拓展 5 I didnt know which was, so I took both of them.A.goodB.bestC.the bestD.better拓展6根据中文提示完成句子1 .恶劣的天气使探险甚至更困难。The bad weather the expedition.2 .我比其他任何一位学生跑的都快。I run faste

36、r than.3 .他是到达南极和北极的最小的探险家。He is to get to the North Pole and the South Pole.4 .黄河是第二长河。The Yellow River is river in China.5 .他的小弟弟喜欢闹着玩。His little brother.拓展7选句填空1 The Chinese people of all nationalities（民族）are very happy on that day every year. National Dayof this year was more exciting. On Oct.l,

37、 there were some clouds in the sky, 2 What a fine day!l wentto the park with my parents by bike. 3 They dressed beautifully and looked very happy. There weremany kinds of trees in the park, and they were very old. Some of them were one or two hundred years old. 4 I climbed faster than my parents and

38、 was the first to arrive at the top. But I was very tired. Ontop of the hill, I wanted to shout, Happy birthday, my dearest motherland（祖国）！5.9/17北师大版八年级上册英语Unit 3词汇和语法基础(解析版)(2)A. How happy we were on that day!B. They did a lot of things there.C. but the sun was shining.D. Oct.lis our National Day.E

39、. There were a lot of people playing in the park.F. We climbed the hill.拓展8完形填空Everyone in our school loves sports. Every morning 1 we get up, we do morning exercises. After thesecond class we do exercises again. We only have2class twice a week, but we do physical training(锻炼)at five every afternoon

40、. The most popularsport is basketball. The 3 enjoy playing it and many of the girls like it, too.4 popular sport is football and in every class there are 5 football fans. Volleyball is often played when the 6 is fine. We have school teams in basketball, football and volleyball. Our teams often7 frie

41、ndship matches with teams fromother schools. When there is a match, 8 of us go to watch it and cheer our side.Besides(除之外)ball games, some of us like track - and - field events (田径项目),9 we oftenpractice running, jumping and throwing. Every term we have tests in these events and once a year, we hold

42、a 10.A. whileB. whenC. beforeD. after(2)A. EnglishB. ChineseC. P. E.D. musicA. teacherB. boysC. studentsD. people(4)A. Some otherB. OtherC. AnotherD- The otherA. a lot ofB. fewC. noD. a few(6)A. teamB. classC. weatherD. mealA. seeB. haveC. look atD. watchA. severalB. fewC. a fewD. many(9)A. becauseB

43、. butC. orD. and(10)A. sports meetB. placeC. gameD. matches.拓展9阅读理解Mrs. Smith is Jims mother。 She loves her family very much. She goes to the store every day. She often buys food, fruit and clothes for Jim and her husband. Now many clothes are on sale at Renmin Clothes Store. They are very cheap. Mr

44、s. Smith comes to the store and she wants to buy some clothes for her family. There they have sweaters in all colors for 15each and sports shoes for only28. Mrs. Smith likes the red sweater and she buys one for herself. She buys a pair of sports shoes for her son. The great T - shirts in the store a

45、re just 18!She buys a white one for Mr. Smith. And thats not all. The socks, in all colors, are2each. She buys the socks in many colors for her family. She is really a Rood mother and a good wife（妻子）.（l）Mrs. Smith often buys for her family,A. ballsy vegetables, fruit, clothesB. fruit, coffee, clothe

46、s, shoesC. clothes, fruits foodD. clothes, vegetables, school things（2）The clothes at Renmin Clothes Store are, A. very greatB. very cheapC. very longD. big（3）Mrs. Smith likes the.A. red sweaterB. blueT - shirtC. green sweater D. red hat （4）She buys for Mr. Smith.A. a pair of shoes B. a pair of shor

47、tsC. a T - shirtD. a white sweater（5） - - Does Mrs. Smith only buy a pair of socks?A. Yes, she does.B. No, she doesnt.C. Yes, she is.D. No, she isnt.拓展10任务型阅读Raising chickens seems a difficult task for teenagers. Gracie Goodpasture, from Virginiat US, not only raises them, but also tries to breed（喂养

48、）theHperfect chicken1. And she even won an award for her love of science.Gracie started breeding chickens in her third grade at Steward School. At first, she worked on some farms for her school project. But later, the 14 - year - old started to have some ideas of her own.Some have thicker eggshells（

49、蛋壳），and theyre hearty（健壮的）throughout the winter, said Grade.Since then the young science lover started to try to find the healthiest free - range（散养）chickens. And she ended up breeding a type that now bears her name.The National Science Teachers Association （NSTA） gave the 2015Angela Award to Gracie

50、 Goodpasture. Her interests dont end with chickens and eggs. She is also into building robots and testing preservatives（防腐剂）in fast foods. In her words, she wants to go to Virginia Tech for poultry（家禽）sciences in the future. 根据短文内容，完成下列小题.Where is Gracie from?11 / 17北师大版八年级上册英语Unit 3词汇和语法基础（解析版）(2)l

51、n which grade did Gracie start breeding chickens?(3)What did Gracie find about some chickensggshells?(4)When did NSTA give the Angela Award to Gracie?(5)Why does Gracie want to go to Virginia Tech in the future?12 / 17答案解析，。原题模精选题模一：Units词汇应用例LL1【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。at the office在办公室,故选B。例LL2【答案】1). Nort

52、h2) . more popular【解析】考查本课重点核心词汇，根据提示和语境，填出相应单词及其适当形式。题模二：比较级和最高级例121【答案】C【解析】考查比较级和最高级用法。根据句意：太阳、月球和地球，哪个最大？。可知要用最高级，故选C。例122【答案】1) . is good at running2) . much stronger【解析】考查本课重点短语和句型，注意动词单复数和固定搭配。“这随堂练习随练L1【答案】D【解析】考杳词汇辨析。根据句意：我不能站一分钟。强壮的；beve勇敢的；s/7/y傻的；weak虚弱 的。故选D, 随练L2【答案】C【解析】考查疑问代词。根据句意：你更

53、喜欢在哪个地方居住，大城市还是小乡村？故选C。随练L3【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。asksbt。dos也要求某人做某事，故选B。北师大版八年级上册英语Unit 3词汇和语法基础(解析版)(2)随练1.4【答案】1. Olympic2. national3. meters4. weightlifting5. youngest6. happiest7. slower8. easy【解析】考查本课重点词汇。根据提示填出对应单词，注意词的正确形式。随练L5【答案】(l)sick(2)careful(3)success【解析】根据This young nurse can look after the

54、se -(患病的)people very well.可知这位年轻的护士能 很好地照顾这些病人.这里修饰名词应该用形容词修饰，sick,形容词，患病的.根据题干You must be(小心的)when you go out at night.可知句意为：你晚上外出时，一定要小 心.be+形容词.careful,小心的，形容词.由the road to可知，to在此处表示方向，故成功”需要填写的应该是名词.随练L6【答案】hold/keep, record(2)less, than(3)Li Ming is the tallest player in our team, and he plays

55、the best.【解析】(l)hold/keep, record(2)less, than(3)the tallest, the best首先通过中英文句子的比对，可知英文句子中缺少“保持世界纪录”的表达.短语”保持世界纪录”的英文表 达是：hold/keepthe world record.本题中，根据设空处前面的did判断填动词原形(2)通过中英文句子的比对，可知英文句子中缺少“不如”的表达：根据汉语意思“自行车运动不如跳水运动有 趣.”可知此句是自行车运动和跳水运动之间的比较，是两者之间的比较，应该用比较级；所以后空应该用 连词than连接；“不如(跳水运动有趣)”指程度，所以前空应用形容词little(少的)比较级less来修饰形容词 interesting.在英语中表示最怎么样应该用最高级形式，这里最高的用tallest,前面加冠词the,最棒的用the best表 示.随练1.7【答案】C【解析】考杳比较级和最高级。根据句意：一一你更喜欢打乒乓球还是游泳？ 一一乒乓球，我觉得它比游 泳更激动人心。故选C。随练L8【答案】C【解析】考查最高级用法。此。/+形容词最高级+名词复数，最之一。故选C。立能力拓展拓展1【答案】A【解析