英汉对比与翻译

1、Unit 2 英汉对比与翻译 （一）课时：2节教学目的要求：初步了解英语和汉语在词汇上的差别，并学习翻译时的处理办法。教学重点：英语和汉语在词汇上的差别。教学难点：翻译的策略。教学内容：1）词的分类: 一词多类现象：汉语：说明情况/关于本产品的使用说明； 他心里很明白；我明白了您讲的道理；英语： plenty: n. 丰富 adj.足够的 full: adj. 满的 adv.十分 n. 全部 round adj. 圆的 adv.兜圈子 prep.围绕 v. 变圆 n.圆形物Pay attention to core meanings: essential meaning You need no

2、t take down whatever I said. (你们没必要记下我所说的一切）The stone rolled down the hill and hit the boy. (石头滚下山，砸着了孩子）介The terrorists downed two planes in Russia.Well share ups and downs with you. 我们与你同甘共苦，风雨同舟。He is not down yet. (adj.)2) 词意lA. 英汉两中语言中词义的宽窄往往不同：l一对一：Kongfu, Laser, linguisticsl一对多：sister (姐妹）, m

3、arry （嫁娶）l没有完全对应：prey （被捕获的猎物）l（在下一讲中更详细地讲）lB. 以某语素为出发点，汉语组成一大堆词族:l清白pure 清淡light 清贫poor 清凉cool and refreshing 清冷chilly 清爽fresh and cool 清幽quiet and beautiful 清瘦thin 清查check l清官honest and upright officialsC.词义的误解：Blackbird: A blackbird is a common, fairly small European bird. The male has black feat

4、hers and a yellow beak, and the female has brown feathers.lBlack birdlBlackboardlBlack boardlHot doglCats and dogs: It is raining cats and dogs.l骨肉分离l红茶Motorway为英国英语，指高速公路。在美国英语中常用freeway。另外，“高速公路“也可以是expressway. Highway 指公路，大路， 并非指高速公路。红糖 brown sugar黑面包 brown bread青布:black cloth3)词的搭配lTake offlThe

5、new dictionary has really taken off. (popular)lTake off your wet shirtlThe doctor took off his wounded left leg.lThey had to take off (取消) the show because of poor audience.lYou can take only one day off.lThe officer leading the inquiry has been taken off. l(主持调查该事的官员已被调离。)l看l看电视 watch TVl 看黑板 look

6、at the blackboardl看电影 see a filml看地图 study a mapl看小说 read a novell看朋友 visit a friendl4)词的位置A. 单词作定语（英语单词例如形容词或名词，和短语都可以做定语，其位置与用法都相对灵活）lA charming girl, a tall buildinglNothing importantlThe managers little officelA little, yellow, ragged, lame, unshaven beggar. l一个乞丐，身材短小，面黄肌瘦，衣衫褴褛，瘸腿，满脸胡须。² 某

7、些以ible 或able结尾的形容词用作定语时，与every，the only，或形容词最高级连用来修饰名词时，也常放在名词后1) We must help them in every way possible (every possible way). 我们一定要用一切可能的办法来帮助他们。2) This is the only reference book available here. 这是这儿能找到的唯一参考书。3) They are working to increase production at the highest speed possible. 他们努力尽可能快的速度提高产

8、量。4)This is the best solution imaginable. 这是能想得出的最好解决办法。Other particular attributes:the present students 现在的学生 the students present 出席的学生；在场的学生I admire my father because he is a responsible man. 一个负责任的人Mr. Lin is the man responsible for examining the project. 对某事负责的人B.短语作定语A building project of high

9、-rise department houses一个高层公寓大楼的建筑项目A candidate with little chance of success一个当选希望极微的候选人1Consult the references as given at the end of the chapter. 请参考本章末尾的参考文献。2There is the challenge, more clearly defined than ever before, to scientists to apply the results of science and technology. 科学家面临着比以往任何时

10、候都更加明确的挑战如何使科技成果造福人类。 （分词短语做定语）3There are children for her to look after and a big house to take care of. 她要照看孩子，还要料理一个大家庭。4 We have no place to go and have fun. 我们无处玩乐。（不定式）5The idea of fish being able to generate electricity strong enough to light small bulbs, even to run an electric motor, is alm

11、ost unbelievable. 鱼能发电，其强度足以点亮小灯泡，甚至还能开动马达，真实令人难以置信。6Its not necessary to provide yet another analysis of the disintegration of the family or the breakdown of the social fabric or the price of democracy to explain what had happened to our society. 要解释我们这个社会究竟出了什么问题，没有必要再从家庭解体、社会结构瘫痪或民主代价这些方面进行分析了。5) set phrasesTo make a monkey ofTo burn the boatTo fish in the airTo call a spade a spadeCastle in the airCrocodile tears: An insincere display of grief, as in When the play's star