机械(数控)毕业设计外文翻译

1、Numerical control technology and equipping development trend and countermeasure Equip the engineering level, level of determining the whole national economy of the modernized degree and modernized degree of industry, numerical control technology is it develop new developing new high-tech industry an

2、d most advanced industry to equip (such as information technology and his industry, biotechnology and his industry, aviation, spaceflight, etc. national defense industry) last technology and getting more basic most equipment. Marx has ever said "the differences of different economic times, do n

3、ot lie in what is produced, and lie in how to produce, produce with some means of labor ". Manufacturing technology and equipping the most basic means of production that are that the mankind produced the activity, and numerical control technology is nowadays advanced manufacturing technology an

4、d equips the most central technology. Nowadays the manufacturing industry all around the world adopts numerical control technology extensively, in order to improve manufacturing capacity and level, improve the adaptive capacity and competitive power to the changeable market of the trends. In additio

5、n every industrially developed country in the world also classifies the technology and numerical control equipment of numerical control as the strategic materials of the country, not merely take the great measure to develop one's own numerical control technology and industry, and implement block

6、ading and restrictive policy to our country in view of " high-grade, precision and advanced key technology of numerical control " and equipping. In a word, develop the advanced manufacturing technology taking numerical control technology as the core and already become every world developed

7、 country and accelerate economic development in a more cost-effective manner, important way to improve the overall national strength and national position.Numerical control technology is the technology controlled to mechanical movement and working course with digital information, integrated products

8、 of electromechanics that the numerical control equipment is the new technology represented by numerical control technology forms to the manufacture industry of the tradition and infiltration of the new developing manufacturing industry, namely the so-called digitization is equipped, its technologic

9、al range covers a lot of fields: (1)Mechanical manufacturing technology; (2)Information processing, processing, transmission technology; (3)Automatic control technology; (4)Servo drive technology; (5)Technology of the sensor;(6)Software engineering ,etc.Development trend of a numerical control techn

10、ologyThe application of numerical control technology has not only brought the revolutionary change to manufacturing industry of the tradition, make the manufacturing industry become the industrialized symbol , and with the constant development of numerical control technology and enlargement of the a

11、pplication, the development of some important trades (IT , automobile , light industry , medical treatment ,etc. ) to the national economy and the people's livelihood of his plays a more and more important role, because the digitization that these trades needed to equip has already been the main

12、 trend of modern development. Numerical control technology in the worldat present and equipping the development trend to see, there is the following several respect 1- in its main research focus.1 A high-speed, high finish machining technology and new trend equippedThe efficiency, quality are subjav

13、anufacturing technology. High-speed, high finish machining technology can raise the efficiency greatly , improve the quality and grade of the products, shorten production cycle and improve the market competitive power. Japan carries the technological research association first to classify it as one

14、of the 5 great modern manufacturing technologies for this, learn (CIRP) to confirm it as the centre in the 21st century and study one of the directions in international production engineering.In the field of car industry, produce one second when beat such as production of 300,000 / vehicle per year,

15、 and many variety process it is car that equip key problem that must be solved one of; In the fields of aviation and aerospace industry, spare parts of its processing are mostly the thin wall and thin muscle, rigidity is very bad, the material is aluminium or aluminium alloy, only in a situation tha

16、t cut the speed and cut strength very small high, could process these muscles, walls. Adopt large-scale whole aluminium alloy method that blank " pay empty " make the wing recently, such large-scale parts as the fuselage ,etc. come to substitute a lot of parts to assemble through numerous

17、rivet , screw and other connection way, make the intensity , rigidity and dependability of the component improved. All these, to processing and equipping the demand which has proposed high-speed, high precise and high flexibility.In machining accuracy, the past 10 years, ordinary progression accuse

18、of machining accuracy of lathe bring 5m up to from 10m already, accurate grades of machining center from 35m, rise to 11.5m, and ultraprecision machining accuracy is it enter nanometer grade to begin already (0.01m).In dependability, MTBF value of the foreign numerical control device has already rea

19、ched above 6 000h, MTBF value of the servo system reaches above 30000h, demonstrate very high dependability .In order to realize high-speed, high finish machining, if the part of function related to it is electric main shaft, straight line electrical machinery get fast development, the application i

20、s expanded further .1.2 Link and process and compound to process the fast development of the lathe in 5 axesAdopt 5 axles to link the processing of the three-dimensional curved surface part, can cut with the best geometry form of the cutter , not only highly polished, but also efficiency improves by

21、 a large margin . It is generally acknowledged, the efficiency of an 5 axle gear beds can equal 2 3 axle gear beds, is it wait for to use the cubic nitrogen boron the milling cutter of ultra hard material is milled and pared at a high speed while quenching the hard steel part, 5 axles link and proce

22、ss 3 constant axles to link and process and give play to higher benefit. Because such reasons as complicated that 5 axles link the numerical control system , host computer structure that but go over, it is several times higher that its price links the numerical control lathe than 3 axles , in additi

23、on the technological degree of difficulty of programming is relatively great, have restricted the development of 5 axle gear beds. At present because of electric appearance of main shaft, is it realize 5 axle complex main shaft hair structure processed to link greatly simplify to make, it makes degr

24、ee of difficulty and reducing by a large margin of the cost, the price disparity of the numerical control system shrinks. So promoted 5 axle gear beds of head of complex main shaft and compound to process the development of the lathe (process the lathe including 5).At EMO2001 exhibition, new Japanes

25、e 5 of worker machine process lathe adopt complex main shaft hair, can realize the processing of 4 vertical planes and processing of the wanton angle, make 5 times process and 5 axles are processed and can be realized on the same lathe, can also realize the inclined plane and pour the processing of

26、the hole of awls. Germany DMG Company exhibits the DMUVoution series machining center, but put and insert and put processing and 5 axles 5 times to link and process in once, can be controlled by CNC system or CAD/CAM is controlled directly or indirectly.1.3 Become the main trend of systematic develo

27、pment of contemporary numerical control intelligently, openly, networkedly.The numerical control equipment in the 21st century will be sure the intelligent system, the intelligent content includes all respects in the numerical control system: It is intelligent in order to pursue the efficiency of pr

28、ocessing and process quality, control such as the self-adaptation of the processing course, the craft parameter is produced automatically; Join the convenient one in order to improve the performance of urging and use intelligently, if feedforward control , adaptive operation , electrical machinery o

29、f parameter , discern load select models , since exactly makes etc. automatically; The ones that simplified programming , simplified operating aspect are intelligent, for instance intelligent automatic programming , intelligent man-machine interface ,etc.; There are content of intelligence diagnose

30、, intelligent monitoring , diagnosis convenient to be systematic and maintaining ,etc.Produce the existing problem for the industrialization of solving the traditional numerical control system sealing and numerical control application software. A lot of countries carry on research to the open numeri

31、cal control system at present, such asThe networked numerical control equipment is a new light spot of the fair of the internationally famous lathe in the past two years. Meeting production line , manufacture system , demand for the information integration of manufacturing company networkedly greatl

32、y of numerical control equipment, realize new manufacture mode such as quick make , fictitious enterprise , basic Entrance that the whole world make too. Some domestic and international famous numerical control lathes and systematic manufacturing companies of numerical control have all introduced re

33、levant new concepts and protons of a machine in the past two years, if in EMO2001 exhibition, " Cyber Production Center " that the company exhibits of mountain rugged campstool gram in Japan (Mazak) (intellectual central production control unit, abbreviated as CPC); The lathe company of Ja

34、panese big Wei (Okuma ) exhibits " IT plaza " (the information technology square , is abbreviated as IT square ); Open Manufacturing Environment that the company exhibits of German Siemens (Siemens ) (open the manufacturing environment, abbreviated as OME),etc., have reflected numerical co

35、ntrol machine tooling to the development trend of networked direction.1.4 Pay attention to the new technical standard, normal setting-upThe numerical control standard is a kind of trend of information-based development of manufacturing industry. Information exchange among 50 years after numerical co

36、ntrol technology was born was all because of ISO6983 standard, namely adopt G, M code describes how processes, its essential characteristic faces the processing course, obviously, he can't meet high-speed development of modern numerical control technology's needs more and more already. For t

37、his reason, studying and making a kind of new CNC system standard ISO14649 (STEP-NC) in the world, its purpose is to offer a kind of neutral mechanism not depending on the concrete system, can describe the unified data model in cycle of whole life of the products, thus realize the whole manufacture

38、process, standardization of and even each industrial field product information.The appearance of STEP-NC may be a revolution of the technological field of the numerical control, on the development and even the whole manufacturing industry of numerical control technology, will exert a far-reaching in

39、fluence. First of all, STEP-NC puts forward a kind of brand-new manufacture idea, in the traditional manufacture idea, NC processes the procedures to all concentrate on individual computer. Under the new standard, NC procedure can be dispersed on Internet, this is exactly a direction of open , netwo

40、rked development of numerical control technology. Secondly, STEP-NC numerical control system can also reduce and process the drawing (about 75%), process the procedure to work out the time (about 35%) and process the time (about 50%) greatly.2 pairs of basic estimations of technology and industry de

41、velopment of numerical control of our countryThe technology of numerical control of our country started in 1958, the development course in the past 50 years can roughly be divided into 3 stages: The first stage is from 1958 to 1979, namely closed developing stage. In this stages, because technology

42、of foreign countries blockade and basic restriction of terms of our country, the development of numerical control technology is comparatively slow. During "Sixth Five-Year Plan Period" , " the Seventh Five-Year Plan Period " of the country in second stage and earlier stage in &qu

43、ot; the Eighth Five-Year Plan Period ", namely introduce technology, digest and assimilate, the stage of establishing the system of production domesticization arisesing tentatively. At this stage , because of reform and opening-up and national attention , and study the improvement of the develo

44、pment environment and international environment, research , development and all making considerable progress in production domesticization of the products of the technology of numerical control of our country. The third stage is and during the "Ninth Five-Year Plan Period" on the later sta

45、ge in "the Eighth Five-Year Plan Period" of the country, namely implement the research of industrialization, enter market competition stage. At this stage, made substantive progress in industrialization of the domestic numerical control equipment of our country. In latter stage for "t

46、he Ninth Five-Year Plan ", the domestic occupation rate of market of the domestic numerical control lathe is up to 50%, it is up to 10% too to mix the domestic numerical control system (popular).Make a general survey of the development course in the past 50 years of technology of numerical cont

47、rol of our country, especially through tackling key problems of 4 Five-Year Plans, all in all has made following achievements.a. Have established the foundation of the technical development of numerical control, has mastered modern numerical control technology basically. Our country has already, the

48、 numerical control host computer, basic technology of special plane and fittings grasped and driven from the numerical control system and survey basically now, among them most technology have already possessed and commercialized the foundation developed, some technology has already, industrializatio

49、n commercialized.b. Have formed the industrial base of numerical control tentatively. In tackling key problems the foundation that the achievement and some technology commercialize, set up the systematic factories of numerical control with production capacity in batches such as numerical control in

50、Central China, numerical control of the spaceflight etc. Electrical machinery plant of Lanzhou, such factory and the first machine tool plant of Beijing , the first machine tool plant of Jinan ,etc. several numerical control host computer factories of a batch of servo systems and servo electrical ma

51、chineries as the numerical control in Central China, etc. These factories have formed the numerical control industrial base of our country basically.c. Have set up a numerical control research, development, managerial talent's basic team.Though has made considerable progress in research and deve

52、lopment and industrialization of numerical control technology, but we will realize soberly, the research and development of the technology of advanced numerical control of our country, especially there is greater disparity in current situation and current demand of our country of engineering level i

53、n industrialization. Though very fast from watching the development of our country vertically, have disparity horizontally more than (compare foreign countries with) not merely engineering level, there is disparity too in development speed in some aspects, namely the engineering level disparity betw

54、een some high-grade , precision and advanced numerical control equipment has the tendency to expand . Watch from world, estimate roughly as follows about the engineering level of numerical control of our country and industrialization level.a. On the engineering level, in probably backward 10-1 years

55、 with the advanced level in foreign countries, it is bigger in high-quality precision and sophisticated technology.b. On the industrialization level, the occupation rate of market is low, the variety coverage rate is little, have not formed the large-scale production yet; The specializedlevel of pro

56、duction of function part and ability of forming a complete set are relatively low; Appearance quality is relatively poor; Dependability is not high, the commercialized degree is insufficient; One's own brand effect that the domestic numerical control system has not been set up yet, users have in

57、sufficient confidence.c. On the ability of sustainable development, research and development of numerical control technology, project ability is relatively weak to the competition; It is not strong that the technological application of numerical control expands dynamics; Research, formulation that r

58、elevant standards are normal lag behind.It is analyzed that the main reason for having above-mentioned disparity has the following several respect.a. Realize the respect. Know to industry's process arduousness , complexity and long-term characteristic of domestic numerical control insufficiently

59、; It is difficult to underestimate to add strangling, system, etc. to the unstandard, foreign blockade of the market; It is not enough to analyse to the technological application level and ability of numerical control of our country.b. System. Pay close attention to numerical control industrializati

60、on many in the issue, consider numerical control industrialization little in the issue synthetically in terms of the systematic one, industry chain in terms of technology; Have not set up related system, perfect training , service network of intact high quality ,etc. and supported the system.c. Mechanism. It causes the brain drain, restraining technology a