上海牛津英语8A、8B笔记

1、8A、8B英语笔记整理8A Unit 1 A letter from a penfriend relate with = about ambition 志向 (a very strong wish ) enclose badworse-worstillworse-worstbadly-worse worst owner(n.)拥有者 own(a./v.)1. What would you like to do?Would like / love to do = want to do 想要做 e.g. Would you like / love toYes, I ' d like to

2、/ love to,ut. 型由)2. tell sb. sth. about告诉某人关于 的一些事e.g. I ' d like to tell you something about my trip in Hong Kong.3. one and a half meters tall. 1.5 米 (or) one meter and a half 1.5 米 four and a half kilos(or) four kilos and a half用数词+单位+形容词”来表示身高，体重，长度，宽度，年龄等e.g. This suitcase is 80cm long , 55

3、cm wide , 5cm high . 长宽 高4. * 限定词(this, that )一数词(two )一性质(beautiful, ugly )一尺寸大小(bid )长短(long, short )一形状(round, triangle ) 一新旧或年龄(old, young )一颜色(red, blue )一国籍(产地)(Chinese)一材料(wooden, leather )一状语(shining,glowing )5. one ' s hobbdoing sth .习惯性，经常one ' s ambition wish / hope / duty / respo

4、nsibility / job) + be + to do sth.除了 hobby ,其余全用 “to do sth."e.g. (1) His job at the moment is to look after the homeless people.(2) Their duty is to keep the whole building clean.(3) Today ' mework is to copy the new word.6. own. (v.)拥有，占有=have ,但own更强调物品的归属为某人自己。e.g. (1) Mr. Smith owns a

5、car.(2) Mr. Smith has his own car.(3) Mr. Smith has a car of his own.7. be keen on = like very much = be interested in = be fonddjofK)喜欢，渴望，热衷于be keen on + 名词 or 动名词(doing)e.g. He is keen on playing football.be keen on 动名词make + it + adj.+ for sb. / sth + to do sth.使得做某事变得 8. (1.)enjoy + doing / n.

6、enjoy oneself = enjoy one' s time = have a good time(2.)play chess play football play cardsplay the piano the violin the guitarplay + ballgames / chess / cardsplay + the + musical instrument音乐器材前加 "the "9. physics 物理physical(a.)物理的,身体的a physics teacher / lab / homeworka physical change

7、 / physical education (PE)10. maybe / may be1) He is maybe at home perhaps如果原句有动词，maybe2) He may be at home如果原句无动词，may be (情态动词)11. 1) enclose (v.)附寄2) a photo of myself 强调照片有我 不等于 a photo of mine 等于 a photo of me12. 反义疑问句陈述句(肯)，动词(否定)主语的代词？陈述句(否)，动词(肯定)主语的代词？例：1). I am late, aren ' t I ?2) . Th

8、ere is little water in the bottle, isthere ?3) . There are few students in the hall,_arethere_ ?4) . You could hardly believe that,could you ?5) . He rarely / seldom goes to the cinema,does he ?6) . Let ' s go swimming,shall we ?7) . Let us go swimming, will you ?8) . Don ' t be late next ti

9、me, will you ?祈使句的反义疑问句除"Let ' s shOl他e?其余用will you。little / few / hardly / rarely / seldom否定词(反义部分用肯定)13. hope的用法比较特殊，可以说 hope to do ,但不能说 hope sb. to do ,这是可以用 hope + (that)从句的结构来表示 Hope后不可以加to do.只有 wish sb. to do train (v.)training (n.)培训，训练do well in = be good atwork out 猜出,squash 壁球hi

10、ghheight 身高heavyweight (n.)weigh(v.)8A Unit 2 Whizz Kid1. expect (v.) expect sth. / sb.e.g. (1.) Farmers expect a good harvest.(2.) I ' ll expect you for supper at 6 p.m. sharpexpect to do sth. / expect sb. to do sth.e.g. (1.) He expects to finish the project in a week(2.) Do you expect me to st

11、ay for another week?expect that(,从句)2. businessC公司 *start a new businessU牛意 *He went to Beijing on business ( go to onbusiness)How is your business? Quit good.*Although he is my friend, business is business ( 公事公办)businessmanbusinessmenbusinesswomanbusinesswomen3. similar (a.)类似的 be similar to 和差不多4

12、. different (a.) 不同的be different from 与 不同differently(ad.) 不同的difference C U不同之处e.g. (1.) Teenagers always think that their parents different opinions from them.(2.) Can you tell me the difference between the two words? (3.) In fact, these two books are quite similar. You can choose either of them.(

13、either or)5. successful (a.) 成功的successfully(ad.) 成功地success(n.) 成功 a great success succeed(v.) 成功 succeed in + n. (doing) He is a successful writer. He has successful published more than 20 novels. Last month he succeeded in holding his first painting show. No wonder so many people admire his great

14、 success. 6. must be把握程度强(肯定是)e.g. After a day' s hard wcmkisybe tired.否定式 can ' t be(不可能是)e.g. He can ' t be at home now. Because he is on a businessitr.7. one of the (1.) This is one of the most expensive dresses in our shop.(2.) Yesterday was one if the coldest days of the year.(3.) O

15、ne of the longest rivers in the world lies in this country. one of + 最高级 +名词复词 top表示顶级的，不用最高级7. put on (wear) (1.) It ' s raiairdgoutside, you' idubeneyour coat.(2.) Jane is wearing a new dress. wear 已经穿上put on 指动作9. 一般现在时 Meaning1)经常性的习惯动作：Wendy always talks about business over breakfast.2)

16、自然界中的客观事实或真理： The sun rises in the esat.3)表示人的心理活动或表示客观属性的动词：believe/love/hate/belong to/contain *The book contains six chapters.Seructure:主语I, you, we, they一律动词原形.(否)don '或德.单三he, she, it 动词后加s或es.(否)doesnt+动原.Time Adverbials:always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, never 10. luckily

17、(adv.) lucky (adj.) 幸运的 【反】unluckily 不幸的 unlucky (adj.) uck (n.)运气1) You are luck enough to get the first prize.2) Four is usually regarded as a(an) unlucky number.3) Luckily, she was at home when I called on her.4) Tom was upset, because he had bad luck all week.11. sell (v.) (sold, sold) 卖 sale(n)

18、卖 sales(n. / a.) 销售的 a sales manager1) The sold out all the tickets by 5 p.m.2) I ' m sorry sir. This vase is not for sale. ( be for sale 可以买卖的 )3) I got this coat on sale, it s very cheap. ('be on sale 打折)12. manager (n.)/ manage (v.) 管理mange to do sth. =succeed in doing = be able to do1) I

19、t ' s raining heavily. He tired to get there on time.2) It ' s raining heavily. He managed to get there on time. 做到了13. be responsible for 对负责responsible (a.) 负责 responsibility (n.) 责任*Teacher would like to give the work to thoseresponsible students.14. discuss (v.)talk oven (about) sth. 讨论d

20、iscussion (n.)Let ' s discuss todayLets work.have a discussion about today' s work.discuss about sth .x可以说 have a discussion about sth.15. over breakfast = during / at breakfast16. -go to school our family car . by car buy bus by train 只是艮交通工具17. make phone calls to 18. on the way to / on on

21、e' 在森ayfito上。home, here, there 不+to19. but some of the work is boringboring(a.)(sth.)bored(a.)(sb.)20. achieve grade in 21. I never fail an exam.fair(v.) 失败 fair to do sth. = be not able to do 未能成failure(n.) 失败 Failure is the mother of success.He failed to pass the exam, didn ' j?heHe was un

22、happy to day, wasn ' t?)efair = not pass1) He failed the exam.He didn ' t plhe exam.2) He failed to pass the exam.He wasn ' t able topass the exam.22. The driver collects me from school.collect sb. = pick sb. up 接送某人23. return to(1.) After the meeting, he returned to the factory.(2.) You

23、 ' d better return the books to the library before Friday.return to -come / go back to 返回 give back阴还24. attend a club / attend school / attend a meeting / a lecture join the army / the dancing group / the party take part in a football match / a writing contest attend 强调出席，人到场了 join加入某长期的组织或团体，成

24、为其中一员 take part in参加某个具体的活动或比赛25. assist(v.) -helpassistant(n.)-helper26. continue".)(1.) continue doing sth = go on doing = keep doing(2.) work on 介词在这里表示 某方向”27. seldom(adv.)-not often, rarely几乎很少，几乎不(1.) He ' 0rse11dte for school, is he? _(2.) It seldom snows in Shanghai, doesn 'it?2

25、8. need做情态动词，只能用于否定或疑问句，后云跟动词原形1) You needn ' t clean my office2) eed I clean you office?need用于肯定句，要用行为动词need ：后跟名词或动词to do形式3) He needs a lot of money to build the house.He doesn ' t needot of money to build the house.Dose he need a lot of money to build the house.What does he need to build

26、 the house?4) They needed to think it over. / (They didn ' t need think it over ) Did they need to think it over?What did they need to do?< 1.>Tom doesn 'need to go there by himself.< 2.>She needs to raise some money to do this project.< 3.>The old lady needs good medical c

27、ame.29. spend, cost, pay, take, buy 区另 U sb. spend money / time on sth.(in) doing sth.sth. cost sb. money sb. pay money + for sth.It take(s) sb. time +to do tooksb. buy + sth. + for +money.1) She spent 2 hours finishing this work.It took she 2 hours to finish this work.2) He spend 50yuan on the book

28、.The book cost he 50yuan.He pay 50yuan for the book.He buy the book for 50yuan.8A Unit 3 Dealing with trouble1. deal v. (dealt, dealt)Deal with sth. / sb. 处理*How do you deal with the trouble/old books?*What do you do with the old books?2. happen v. 发生，碰巧*A funny thing happened yesterday.1) Sth. happ

29、en to sb.某人发生了某事Did you hear what happened to peter yester day?2) happen to do sth. 碰巧，不巧做了某事I happened to see him yesterday.* happen (偶然发生)take place (经安排后发生)When did the explosion happen?When will the wedding take place?*Great changes have taken place in the last three years. (弓 I导现在完成时)3. keep qu

30、iet*They are having an important meeting. Let' s go up stairs quietly so nobody will notice us.4. wait v. wait for*Who are you waiting for?*They are waiting for their teacher. waiter/waitress5. suddenly adv. sudden adj.*We are all surprised at his sudden death.6. argue v. 争吵，争论 (argued, argued,

31、arguing)*Listen, they are arguing loudly.Argue with sb. Argue about sth.*Peter argued with Mary about the best place for a holiday.Argument n. <C>争论，论据，论点*They had a long argument about the issue.*argument, disagreement, arrangement, management, achievement, movement, excitement7. two women to

32、urists/two men doctorstwo girl students/two boy studentstwo female elephants/two male lionstwo apple trees只有以 man、 woman 构成的复合名词在变成复数时，前后两个名词都要变为复数。8. hold v. (held, held)s breath 呼吸hold out 伸出，端出/ hold a meeting 开会 / hold up 举起 / hold on (电话)别挂断/ hold one9. crowd n, <C> 人群 crowded adj.1) I sa

33、w a crowd of people running around the building2) There were crowds of people at the theatre.3) We should take care of our belongings in crowded places.4) Najing Road Walk Way is one of the most crowded street in Shanghai.5) The hall is crowded with audience.10. stare v./n. 盯，凝视(stared, stared, star

34、ing)stare at sb. 盯着某人看1) It s rude to stare at other people.2) The teacher stare at some students if they are absent- minded.11. go on 发生，继续1) What s going on? = What s happening ?2) If he goes on like this, he will lose his job.3) Although it was late at night, he was still going on watching TV.4)

35、They went on with their discussion until 9 p.m.*go on with + n.12. move through the crowdacross the riverthrough the cityacross the roadthrough the forestacross the pipethrough the tunnelthrough 指从某个物体的内部空间通过，贯穿。贯穿。Across 指从某个物体的表面穿过13. steal v. (stole, stolen, stealing)*She wanted to steal money fr

36、om his father s drawer.*rob (robbed) rob sth. of sb. robbery/robber14. notice v. 注意I noticed that he stole the purse at the woman.I noticed him waiting him outside.(notice sb. doing)I noticed him enter the room.(notice sb. do)notice n. 通知，布告the notice on the wall notice board15. We were in the books

37、tore, buying post cards.*Many parents stood outside the school gate, waiting for their children.*The boy sat there, crying.*He lay on the bed, thinking about the problem.现在分词作为伴随动词，补充当时状态16. follow v.*You go first and I will follow you later.follow adj. = next 接着*The child was sick in the evening, b

38、ut on the following day he seemed to be well again.17. hurry v. 赶快 (hurried, hurried, hurrying)*Don t hurry, we are not late.* Hurry up, or we ll be late for the plane.* Look, he is hurrying to the meeting room.hurry n. 仓促，匆忙in a hurry* I m (not) in a hurry to change my job.hurried adj. hurriedly ad

39、v.* hurried work 仓促的工作*leave hurriedly / leave in a hurry18. abroad adv. 上(船，火车，飞机)* they went abroad the ship.* The boat is ready to leave. All aboard.abroad adj. 海外，国外* She will study abroad next year.19. strange adj. 奇怪的1) Strangely, I have never seen that television show before.2) Don t talk to

40、strangers.m also a stranger here.3) Sorry, I don t know where the book here is because I20. afraid adj. 害怕的Be afraid of (doing) sth. / be afraid to do sth.*Many people are afraid of snakes.*He was afraid of failing in the exam.*Don t be afraid to ask for help.*Are we on time? I m afraid not.21. pick

41、 up 捡起，拿起*Don t throw the rubbish on the ground, please. 代词放在介词短语中*My father usually pick me up after school.*When I travelled in America, I picked up some American English.22. report v. n. 报告*He reported a theft.*He wrote a report about the accidents.reporter n. 报告人，记者23. theft n. 偷窃案thief n.(pl.)

42、thieves24. * It just left a few minutes ago.It has been away for a few minutes.25. detail n. <C> 资料，详细情况*Let s discuss the details of our arrangement.In detail 详细地*Let s discuss in detail.26. put the phone down*Put down the old pictures from the wall.Put down 放下put up your handsput up 举起put ou

43、t the fireput out 扑灭put on the play next weekput on 上演put off the sports meetingput off 延期27. As we got offget on / go off (bus, ferry, train, plane)get into / get out off (car, taxi)get to 到达get ready for准备get up 起床get back 回来28. see sb. doing / do (sth.)See sb. doing 看见某人正在做某事See sb. do 1) 看见某人经常做

44、某事2) 看见某人做某事的过程(多用于瞬间动词)同性质词语：hear, notice, find, watchDid you often see her take a walk after supper?I saw the man go into the bank at the time.We heard Tom singing in the room when we entered.Did you hear him say sorry to the teacher?29. He looked worried.Look为感官动词，则后跟形容词 (同small, taste, feel, sou

45、nd但是如果后面还有 at sb. at sth.时，为普通行为动词，这时需要以副词修饰。 The little boy looked sadly at the broken vase, he looked really sad.The woman looked happily at her son.30. Well done! 做得好！praise sb. for what he did31. I said as we walked by.As 用法：as = when *As he was a child, he enjoyed swimming.He doesn ' t run

46、as fast as me.像一样He works as a physics teacher. 作为As she has no car, it' s not easy for her to get there.Walk by 经过s language8A Unit 4 Numbers, Everyone1. at least 最少 at most 最多2. in ancient time s 在古代3. in many different ways 用很多不同的方法4. count v. 数 (counted, counted, counting)*countable adj. 可数的

47、uncountable adj. 不可数的Mile is a countable noun while is an uncountable noun.*countless adj. 无数的5. in tens 十进制6. Greek(s) a./n. 希腊的，希腊人Greece 希腊Roman(s) a./n. 罗马的，罗马人Rome 罗马Egyptian(s) a./n. 埃及的，埃及人Egypt 埃及Indian(s) a./n.印度的，印度人India 印度7. invent v. 发明 invention n. <C> 发明产物<U> 发明 inventor n

48、. 发明家1) The invention of telephone made it easier for us to communicate.2) Bell is inventor of telephone.3) Printing was one of the greatest inventors in the ancient China.4) Who invented the light? Edison.8. develop v. 发展，开发(developed, developed, developing)China has developed a lot recently.*devel

49、op an ideaHe developed his business three years ago.China is still a developing country. (发展中的)America is already a developed country. (发达的)development n. <U> 发展developer n. 开发者9. calculating machines 计算器calculating n. 用于计算的calculate 计算 calculation n. <C> 计算结果<U> 计算calculator 计算机1)

50、 The teachers asked the students to calculate the width of the street.2) Your calculation shows that the company didn3) Abacus was an ancient calculating too!4) We are not allowed to use calculators in a maths exam.10. abacus n. 算盘 an abacus abacuses11. accurate adj. 精准的 = correct accurately adv. *i

51、naccurate adj. = incorrect12. electronic adj. 电子的*electron n. 电子electric adj. 发电的，有电的，带电的electrical adj. 与电有关的，电气的electricity n. 电 *electrician 电工1) We can buy all the electrical appliances at the supermarket.2) Our life will be very inconvenient without electricity.3) An electronic dictionary can h

52、elp us look up the new words very fast.4) How many electric kettles do you have?5) My father is an electrical engineer.6) The air- conditioner doesn t work becauseeloefcatrnical fault7) Electric bicycles make people to ride faster.8) If you are careless, you may get an electric shock!13 .percentage

53、n. <C> 百分比percent a./n. 百分比，百分之一1) More than 90 percent of the students pass the test.2) Tell me the percentage of the boys of your class.14 .powerful adj. 强大的powerless adj. 无力的power n. <U> 能力，力量，电力，动力，权力*Computer are more powerful than abacuses in calculating.15 . flash n. 闪现，一瞬间in a fl

54、ush = like lightning16 . whole adj. 完整的The difference between all and whole :t make any profit. We need an electrician to repair it.1) all 和 whole 都可用于表示整体的单数名词之前，但限定词的位置不一样，All the city / the whole city2) all 和 whole 都可以加复数名词all 在前， whole 在后。all the students / whole of the studentswhole + 介词 + 复数名词

55、3) whole 一般不能修饰可数名词，all 可用于各种情况。17. living adj. 活的(只能在名词前做定语)alive adj. 活的(只能在名词后做表语)1) She has no living relatives.2) It is one of the living languages,.3) Although he is seriously injured, he is still alive.4) The living are more important to us to the dead.18. amazing adj. 令人兴奋的amazed n. 使人惊奇的amaze v. 使人惊奇amazement n. 惊奇1) He amazed all his class by winning the gold medal.2) Thi