外贸出口货物工作流程

1、出口货物流程主要包括：报价、订货、付款方式、备货、包装、通关手续、装船、运输保险、提单、结汇。一、报价在国际贸易中一般是由产品的询价、报价作为贸易的开始。其中，对于出口产品的报价主要包括：产品的质比较常用的报价有： FOB“船上交货”、CNF“成本加运费”、CIF“成本、保险费加运费”等形式。二、订货（签约）贸易双方就报价达成意向后，买方企业正式订货并就一些相关事项与卖方企业进行协商，双方协商认可后，需要签订购货合同。在签订购货合同过程中，主要对商品名称、规格型号、数量、价格、包装、产地、装运期、付款条件、结算方式、索赔、仲裁等内容进行商谈，并将商谈后达成的协议写入购货合同。这标志着出口业务的

2、正式开始。通常情况下，签订购货合同一式两份由双方盖本公司公章生效，双方各保存一份。三、付款方式比较常用的国际付款方式有三种，即信用证付款方式、TT付款方式和直接付款方式。1、信用证付款方式信用证分为光票信用证和跟单信用证两类。跟单信用证是指附有指定单据的信用证，不附任何单据的信用证称光票信用证。简单地说，信用证是保证出口商收回货款的保证文件。请注意，出口货物的装运期限应在信用证的有效期限内进行，信用证交单期限必须不迟于信用证的有效日期内提交。 国际贸易中以信用证为付款方式的居多，信用证的开证日期应当明确、清楚、完整。中国的几家国有商业银行，如中国银行、中国建设银行、中国农业银行、中国工商银行等

3、，都能够对外开立信用证（这几家主要银行的开证手续费都是开证金额的1.5）。2、TT付款方式TT付款方式是以外汇现金方式结算，由您的客户将款项汇至贵公司指定的外汇银行账号内，可以要求货到后一定期限内汇款。3、直接付款方式是指买卖双方直接交货付款。四、备货备货在整个贸易流程中，起到举足轻重的重要地位，须按照合同逐一落实。备货的主要核对内容如下：1、货物品质、规格，应按合同的要求核实。2、货物数量：保证满足合同或信用证对数量的要求。3、备货时间：应根据信用证规定，结合船期安排，以利于船货衔接。五、包装您可以根据货物的不同，来选择包装形式（如：纸箱、木箱、编织袋等）。不同的包装形式其包装要求也有所不同

4、。1、一般出口包装标准：根据贸易出口通用的标准进行包装。2、特殊出口包装标准：根据客户的特殊要求进行出口货物包装。3、货物的包装和唛头（运输标志）：应进行认真检查核实，使之符合信用证的规定。六、通关手续通关手续极为烦琐又极其重要，如不能顺利通关则无法完成交易。1、属法定检验的出口商品须办出口商品检验证书。目前我国进出口商品检验工作主要有四个环节：接受报验：报验是指对外贸易关系人向商检机构报请检验。 抽样：商检机构接受报验之后，及时派员赴货物堆存地点进行现场检验、鉴定。检验：商检机构接受报验之后，认真研究申报的检验项目，确定检验内容。并仔细审核合同（信用证）对品质、规格、包装的规定，弄清检验的依

5、据，确定检验标准、方法。（检验方法有抽样检验，仪器分析检验；物理检验；感官检验；微生物检验等）签发证书：在出口方面，凡列入种类表内的出口商品，经商检机构检验合格后，签发放行单（或在"出口货物报关单"上加盖放行章，以代替放行单）。2、须由专业持有报关证人员，持箱单、发票、报关委托书、出口结汇核销单、出口货物合同副本、出口商品检验证书等文本去海关办理通关手续。箱单是由出口商提供的出口产品装箱明细。发票是由出口商提供的出口产品证明。报关委托书是没有报关能力的单位或个人委托报关代理行来报关的证明书。出口核销单由出口单位到外汇局申领，指有出口能力的单位取得出口退税的一种单据。商检证书

6、是经过出入境检验检疫部门或其指定的检验机构检验合格后而得到的，是各种进出口商品检验证书、鉴定证书和其他证明书的统称。是对外贸易有关各方履行契约义务、处理索赔争、议和仲裁、诉讼举证，具有法律依据的有效证件，同时也是海关验放、征收关税和优惠减免关税的必要证明。七、装船在货物装船过程中，您可以根据货物的多少来决定装船方式，并根据购货合同所定的险种来进行投保。可选择：1、整装集装箱集装箱（又称货柜）的种类：(1)按规格尺寸分:目前，国际上通常使用的干货柜(DRYCONTAINER)有：(2)按制箱材料分:有铝合金集装箱,钢板集装箱,纤维板集装箱,玻璃钢集装箱.(3)按用途分:有干集装箱;冷冻集装箱(R

7、EEFER CONTAINER);挂衣集装箱 (DRESS HANGER CONTAINER);开顶集装箱(OPENTOP CONTAINER);框架集装箱 (FLAT RACK CONTAINER);罐式集装箱(TANK CONTAINER).2、拼装集装箱拼装集装箱，一般按出口货物的体积货重量计算运费。八、运输保险通常双方在签定购货合同中已事先约定运输保险的相关事项。常见的保险有海洋货物运输保险、陆空邮货运输保险等。其中，海洋运输货物保险条款所承保的险别，分为基本险别和附加险别两类：（2） 附加险别。附加险别有一般附加险和特别附加险两种类型。一般附加险有偷窃提货不着险、淡水雨淋险、抽窃短量

8、险、渗漏险、破损破碎险、钩损险、混杂沾污险、包装破裂险、霉变险、受潮受热险、串味险等。特别附加险有战争险、罢工险等。九、提单提单是出口商办理完出口通关手续、海关放行后，由外运公司签出、供进口商提货、结汇所用单据。所签提单根据信用证所提要求份数签发，一般是三份。出口商留二份，办理退税等业务，一份寄给进口商用来办理提货等手续。进行海运货物时，进口商必须持正本提单、箱单、发票来提取货物。（须由出口商将正本提单、箱单、发票寄给进口商。） 若是空运货物，则可直接用提单、箱单、发票的传真件来提取货物。十、结汇出口货物装出之后，进出口公司即应按照信用证的规定，正确缮制（箱单、发票、提单、出口产地证明、出口结

9、汇）等单据。在信用证规定的交单有效期内，递交银行办理议付结汇手续。除采用信用证结汇外，其它付款的汇款方式一般有电汇(TELEGRAPHIC TRANSFER(T/T)、票汇(DEMAND DRAFT (D/D)、信汇(MAIL TRANDFER(M/T)等方式，由于电子化的高速发展，现在汇款主要使用电汇方式。（在中国，企业出口享有出口退税优惠政策）量等级、产品的规格型号、产品是否有特殊包装要求、所购产品量的多少、交货期的要求、产品的运输方式、产品的材质等内容整个外贸流程例解本公司于1952年成立，专营玩具和工艺品，现在已经成为中国最大的进出口公司之一。由于公司的产品质量高，价格优惠，因此在世界

10、各地的客户中享有较高声誉。2004年3月你从国际互联网络上得知美国的DRAGON TOY CO. LTD.欲求购中国产的遥控赛车(Telecontrol Racing Car)。客户的详细地址如下：DRAGON TOY CO. LTD.,1180 CHURCH ROAD NEWYORK,FAX: 215-393-3921请参照上述基本情况，根据教材中草拟建立业务关系信函的基本要求给对方发一封建立业务关系的电子邮件，要求格式完整、正确，内容包括公司介绍、产品介绍，并另寄产品目录，及表达想与对方建交的热切愿望等。（注意不要做成简单翻译）建交信如下:Date: Dec 26th 2005DRAGON

11、 TOY CO. LTD.,1180 CHURCH ROAD NEWYORK,FAX: 215-393-3921Dear Sir or Madam:We obtained your name and address from theinternational internet in March 2004 and we know that you are interested in Telecontrol Racing Car produced in China. Now , we are writing to you to hope establish business relations w

12、ith you .Our company was founded in 1952, specialized in toy and handicraft,And have already became one of the biggest import & export company in China now. Telecontrol Racing Car is our new product, and it is very popular all over the world.Our product hold high reputation by the clients in the

13、 world wide with the high quality and favorable price. In order to give you a gengral idea of various kinds of product that we are handling, we are airmailing you under separate cover our latest catalogue for your reference. Please let us know immediately if you are interested in our products.We loo

14、k forward to your early reply.yours faithfully，jerry资料商品 遥控赛车（Telecontrol Racing Car）货号 18812 18814 18817 18819包装方式 12辆/纸箱 20辆/纸箱 20辆/纸箱 12辆/纸箱尺码(CM) 72X36X48 72X72X48 72X72X48 72X36X48毛/净重 12/9KGS 22/18KGS 22/18KGS 12/9KGS购货价格 150元/辆 160元/辆 170元/辆 180元/辆 起订量 1个20FCL 1个20FCL 1个20FCL 1个20FCL 已知遥控赛车的增

15、值税为17%，出口退税为9%，国内费用有：出口包装费15元/纸箱，仓储费5元/纸箱； 一个20英尺集装箱的国内运杂费400元，商检费550元，报关费50元，港口费600元，其它费用1400元。海运集装箱包箱费率由上海至纽约每一个20集装箱为2200美元。保险为发票金额加成10%投保一切险和战争险，费率为分别为0.6%和0.3%。公司要求在报价中包括10的预期利润，付款方式是即期信用证。（美元汇率为：8.25:1)客户询盘LIDI TRADING CO.LTD.NO.1267 EAST NANJING ROADSHANGHAI, CHINAFAX:ear Sirs,W

16、e have received your letter together with yourcatalogues. Having thoroughly studied the catalogues, we find that your Telecontrol Racing Cars Art. No. 18812, 18814, 18817 and 18819 are quite suitable for our market. We may need one 20 FCL each for JANUARY delivery. Please kindly inform us if you are

17、 able to supply and quote us your most favorable price for the above goods on the basis of CIFC3 NEWYORK with details, including packing, shipment, insurance and payment.Your immediate attention will be highly appreciated. With best regards!Yours faithfully,DRAGON TOY CO. LTD.Charles BorgatMANAGER单价

18、计算过程如下:Art. 1881220英尺集装箱包装数:25/0.1244=200纸箱报价数量:200*12=2400辆成本：含税成本 150元退税收入 150/(1+17%) * 9%=11.5385元/辆实际成本 15011.5385=138.4615元/辆费用：国内费用 （15*200+5*200+400+550+50+600+1400）/2400=2.9167元/辆出口运费 2200*8.25/2400=7.5625元/辆客户佣金 报价x 3%保险费用 CIF报价 x 110% x 0.9%利润: 报价 x 10%FOB报价=成本+费用+佣金+利润=138.4615+2.9167 +报

19、价 x 3% + 报价 x 10%所以FOBC3报价=(138.4615 +2.9167) / (1-3%-10%)=162.5036元/辆=19.70美元/辆CFR报价=成本+费用+佣金+利润=138.4615+2.9167+7.5625+报价 x 3% + 报价 x 10% 所以CFRC3报价=(138.4615+2.9167+7.5625) /(1-3%-10%)=171.1962元/套=20.75美元/辆CIF报价=成本+费用+佣金+保险费+利润=138.4615+2.9167+7.5625+报价 x 3% + 报价 x 10%+报价x110% x 0.9%所以CIFC3报价=(138

20、.4615+2.9167+7.5625) /(1-3%-10%-110%*0.9%)=173.1667元/辆=20.99美元/辆Art. 18814报价数量:100*20=2000辆成本：含税成本 160元退税收入 160/(1+17%) * 9%=12.3077元/辆实际成本 16212.3077= 147.6923元/辆费用：国内费用 （15*100+5*100+400+550+50+600+1400）/2000=2.5元/辆出口运费 2200*8.25/200=9.075元/辆客户佣金 报价x 3%保险费用 CIF报价 x 110% x 0.9%利润: 报价 x 10%FOB报价=成本+

21、费用+佣金+利润=147.6923+2.5 +报价 x 3% + 报价 x 10%所以 FOBC3报价=(147.6923+2.5) / (1-3%-10%)=172.6348元/辆=20.93美元/辆CFR报价=成本+费用+佣金+利润=147.6923+2.5+9.075+报价 x 3% + 报价 x 10%所以CFRC3报价=(147.6923+2.5+9.075) /(1-3%-10%)=183.0659元/辆=22.19美元/辆CIF报价=成本+费用+佣金+保险费+利润=147.6923+2.5+9.075+报价 x 3% + 报价 x 10%+报价 x110% x 0.9%所以CIF

22、C3报价=(147.6923+2.5+9.075) / (1-3%-10%-110%*0.9%) =185.1730元/辆=22.45美元/辆Art. 18817报价数量:100*20=2000辆成本：含税成本 170元退税收入 170/(1+17%) * 9%=13.0769元/辆实际成本 17013.0769= 156.9231元/辆费用：国内费用 （15*100+5*100+400+550+50+600+1400）/2000=2.5元/辆出口运费 2200*8.25/2000=90.75元/辆客户佣金 报价x 3%保险费用 CIF报价 x 110% x 0.9%利润: 报价 x 10%F

23、OB报价=成本+费用+佣金+利润=156.9231+2.5 +报价 x 3% + 报价 x 10%所以 FOBC3报价=(156.9231+2.5) / (1-3%-10%)=183.2449元/辆=22.21美元/辆CFR报价=成本+费用+佣金+利润=156.9231+2.5+9.075+报价 x 3% + 报价 x 10%所以 CFRC3报价=(156.9231+2.5+9.075) /(1-3%-10%)=193.6760元/辆=23.48美元/辆CIF报价=成本+费用+佣金+保险费+利润=(156.9231+2.5+9.075+报价 x 3% + 报价 x 10%+报价 x110% x

24、 0.9%所以 CIFC3报价=(156.9231+2.5+9.075) /(1-3%-10%-110%*0.9%)=195.9052/辆=23.75美元/辆Art. 18819报价数量:200*12=2400辆成本：含税成本 180元退税收入 180/(1+17%) * 9%=13.8462元/辆实际成本 18013.8462= 166.1538元/辆费用：国内费用 （15*200+5*200+400+550+50+600+1400）/2400=2.9167元/辆出口运费 2200*8.25/2400=7.5625元/辆客户佣金 报价x 3%保险费用 CIF报价 x 110% x 0.9%利

25、润: 报价 x 10%FOB报价=成本+费用+佣金+利润=166.1538+2.9167 +报价 x 3% + 报价 x 10%所以 FOBC3报价=(166.1538+2.9167) /(1-3%-10%)=194.3339元/辆=23.56美元/辆CFR报价=成本+费用+佣金+利润=166.1538+2.9167+7.5625+报价 x 3% + 报价 x 10%所以CFRC3报价=(166.1538+2.9167+7.5625) /(1-3%-10%)=203.0265元/辆=24.61美元/辆CIF报价=成本+费用+佣金+保险费+利润=(166.1538+2.9167+7.5625+报

26、价 x 3% + 报价 x 10%+报价 x110% x 0.9%所以CIFC3报价=(156.9231+2.9167+7.5625) /(1-3%-10%-110%*0.9%)=205.3633元/辆=24.89美元/辆则发盘函电如下:利 迪 贸 易 有 限 公 司LIDI TRADING COMPANY LIMITEDADD: NO.1267 EAST NANJING ROAD, SHANGHAI, CHINA FAX:O: DRAGON TOY CO. LTD., Date: Dec 27th 2005DRAGON TOY CO. LTD.,1180 CHUR

27、CH ROAD NEWYORK,FAX: 215-393-3921Dear Charles,We are pleased to receive your inquiry of DEC 26,2005and to hear that you are interested in our Telecontrol Racing Cars Art series.We would like to quote as follows based on per 20FCL.Quantiites less than that are slghtly higher.Commodity Article NO. CIF

28、C3 TORONTO PERSET Cartons per 20FCLTelecontrol Racing Cars Art 18812 USD20.99 200carton 18814 USD22.45 100carton18817 USD23.75 100carton18819 USD24.89 200cartonPacking: As to18812, 12 cars per carton.As to 18814, 20 cars per carton.As to 18817, 20 cars per carton.As to 18819,12 cars per carton.Shipm

29、ent: The early delivery to be effected at the end of January,2006.Payment: By L/C at sight.Insurance:For 110% invoice value covering All Risk, and War Risk.We will keep this offer valid only for 7 days.In additon ,we have sent the samles you requested ,In order to assist you in promoting sales at th

30、e initial stage ,they are free of charge.As we are receiving orders day to day and our resent stocks are nearly exhausted,we would advise you to place an order as soon as possible if deliveries arerequired to be prompt.We are looking forward to your initial order.Yours truly,LIDI TRADING COMPANY LIM

31、ITEDjerry客户还盘LIDA TRADING CO.LTD.NO.1267 EAST NANJING ROADSHANGHAI, CHINAFAX:ear Sirs,We write to thank you for your offer of April22,2004. However after a careful study of your quotation, we find that your price seems to be on the high side. It will leave us with almost no profit to a

32、ccept your price.We appreciate the quality of your products and are glad to have the opportunity to do business with you. We suggest that you make some allowance on your price. Foryour reference, the highest prices we can accept are as follows:for some reason.Please take it into serious consideratio

33、n and your early reply will be appreciated.Best regards!Yours faithfully,DRAGON TOY CO. LTD.Charles BorgatMANAGER我方第二次的发盘略客户成交函电LIDI TRADING CO.LTD.NO.1267 EAST NANJING ROADSHANGHAI, CHINAFAX:ear Sirs,Your quotation of has been accepted and we are glad to place our order NO.Dragon9701

34、as follows:Please pay attention that the shipment must be effected by the end of this Nov. Other terms and conditions are the same as we agreed before.As this is the very first transaction we have concluded, your cooperation would be very much appreciated. Pleasesend us your sales confirmation in du

35、plicate for counter-signing.Best regards!Yours faithfully,DRAGON TOY CO.LTD.Charles BorgatMANAGER合同见附件客户开来的信用证ADDRESS: 50 HUQIU ROAD.CABLE: CHUNGKUOTELEX: 33062 BOCSH E CN 信 用 证 通 知 书SWIFT: BKCHCMBJ300 Notification of Documentary Credit FAX: 3232071 YEAR - MONTH - DAYTo: 致: LIDI TRADING CO. LTD.NO.1

36、267 EAST NANJING ROAD WHEN CORRESPONDINGPLEASE QUOTE OUR REF. NO. APR 11 2005SHANGHAI,CHINAIssuing Bank 开证行Chemical Bank New YorkTransmitted to us through 转递行L/C NO. 信用证号 DATED 开证日期DRG-LDLCA21 April 11 2005 Amount 金额US$188256.00Dear sirs, 迳启者We have pleasure in advising you that we have received fro

37、m the a/m bank a(n)兹通知贵司,我行收自上述银行（ ）pre-advising of 预先通知 （ ）mail confirmation of 证实书（ ）telex issuing 电传开立 （ ）uneffective 未生效 （X）original 正 本 （ ）duplicate 副 本letter of credit, contents of which are as per attached sheet(s)eThis advice and the attached sheet(s) must accompany the relative documents wh

38、en presented for negotiation. 信用证一份, 现随附通知。贵司交单时, 请将本通知书及信用证一并提示。（ x）Please not that this advice does not constitute our confirmation of the above L/C nor does it convey any engagementor obligation on our part.本通知书不构成我行对此信用证之保兑及其它任何责任。 （ ）Please note that we have added our confirmation to the above

39、L/C, negotiation is restricted toourselves only.上述信用证已由我行加具保兑, 并限向我行交单。Remarks: 备注:This L/C consists of two sheet(s), including the covering letter and attachment(s).本信用证连同面函及附件共 2 纸。If you find any terms and conditions in the L/C which you are unable to comply with and or any error(s), it is sugges

40、ted that you contact applicant directly for necessary amendment(s) of as to avoid any difficulties which may arise when documents are presented.如本信用证中有无法办到的条款及/或错误, 请迳与开证申请人联系进行必要的修改, 以排除交单时可能发生的问题。yours faithfully,上海分行信 用 证通知章FOR BANK OF CHINATEST CORRECT WITH US SHANGHAI-FROM: CHEMICAL BANK NEW YO

41、RKOUR REF: NY980520004658001T01TO : BANK OF CHINASHANGHAI BRANCH50 HUQIU ROAD, SHANGHAIPEOPLES REP. OF CHINATEST: FOR USD/188,256.00 ON DATE 4/11PLEASE ADVICE BENEFICIARY OF THE FOLLOWING LETTER OF CREDITISSUED BY US IN THEIR FAVOR SUBJECT TO UCP 500: DOCUMENTARY CREDIT NUMBER: DRG-LDLCA21BENEFICIAR

42、Y: LIDI TRADING CO. LTD. NO.1267 EAST NANJING ROAD SHANGHAI, CHINAAMOUNT: USD188, 256.00SAY UNITED STATES DOLLARS ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY EIGHT THOUSAND TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY SIX ONLY.AVALIABLE WITH : ANY BANKBY: NEGOTIATION OF BENEFICIARYS DRAFT(S) AT 30 DAYS SIGHTDRAWN ON:CHEMICAL BANK , NEW YORK,

43、ACCOMPANIED BY THE DOCUMENTS INDICATED HEREIN.COVERING SHIPMENT OF :COMMODITY ART.NO. QUANTITYTELECONTROL RACING CAR18812 2000 PIECES18814 2000 PIECES18817 2000 PIECES18818 2000 PIECESSHIPPING TERMS: CIFSHIPPING MARKS: LD-DRGSCA21/DRAGON TOY/NEWYORK/NO.1-UPDOCUMENTS REQUIRED:1- 3 COPIES OF COMMERCIA

44、L INVOICE SHOWING VALUE IN U.S. DOLLARSAND INDICATING L/C NO. AND CONTRACT NO.2- 2COPIES OF PACKING LIST SHOWING GROSS/NET WEIGHT AND MEASUREMENT OF EACH CARTON.3- CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN IN TRIPLICATE ISSUED BY CHINA CHAMBER OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE.4- 2 COPIES OF INSURANCE POLICY OR CERTIFICATE END

45、ORSED IN BLANK FOR THE INVOICE VALUE OF THE GOODS PLUS 110% COVERING ISALL RKS AND WAR RISK AS PER AND SUBJECT TO OCEAN MARINE CARGO CLAUSES OF THE PEOPLES INSURANCE COMPANY OF CHINA DATED 1/1/1981.5- 3/3 SET AND ONE COPY OF CLEAN ON BOARD OCEAN BILLS OF LADING MADE OUT TO ORDER AND BLANK ENDORSED MARKED FREIGHT PREPAID AND NOTIFY APPLICANT.PARTIAL SHIPMENTS: PERMITTEDTRANSSHIPMENTS: PERMITTEDSHIPMENT FROM : SHANGHAI, CHINA TO: NEW YORKNOT LATER THAN : May 10,2005DOCUMENTS MUST BE PRESENTED WITHIN 15DAYS AFTERSHIPMENT, BUT WITHIN VALIDITY OF THE LETTER OF CREDIT. INSTRUCTIONS TO THE PAYING/