完整版直接引语倒装

1、所谓完全倒装,就是将谓语动词置于主语前.完全倒装一般具有以下两个条件：谓语动词是单个即不带情态动词、助动词或 be的不及物动词,且只限于一般现在 时或一般过去时；主语只能是名词.一、以here等副词开头引出的完全倒装在描述情景时,为了使景象更生动,有时把 here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, off, away等方向性副词作为句子开头,句子用完全倒装.此时,句子主语 必须是名词；谓语动词通常是 be, come, go, run, rush, fly, follow, fall等表示位移的不及物动词,且为一般时态；其中的here, there不是

2、表示地点,而是用以引起对方注重.如：Here comes the bus. 汽车来了.There goes the bell. 铃响了.Here are some advertisements about cars.这儿是几贝U有关汽车的广告.二、以表语或状语开头引出的完全倒装有时为了强调或者为了使句子平衡或者为了使上下文连接得更加紧密,就将表 语和地点状语多为介词短语置于句首,谓语动词也常置于主语前,构成完全倒装. 如：Among the people was a man named Brown.在这些人中有个叫布朗的人.On the top of the hill stands an ol

3、d temple. 这山顶上有一座庙.三、there be结构及其变体的完全倒装There is a tall tree in front of the house.这房子前面有一棵树.注：在there be结构中,可以代替be的还有以下动词：live, lie, stand, appear, rise, remain, happen, come, go 等.如：Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 从前,在海边的一 个村子里住着一个老人.四、直接引语放在句首引起的完全倒装假设直接引语的局部或全部放在句首,并且说话

4、人是名词时,将 say或ask置于 说话人前,构成完全倒装.如：“Are you ready? asked the teacher.预备好'了没有 老师问道.“It is unbelievable! said Alfred BUttS.弗雷德 布滋说, 这真叫人难以置 信！直接引语放句首时,有时用倒装；谓语动词另有宾语时,不倒装.例如：“I shall not scold you. " said the man, “you are punished enough now.“You have done a good job , our teacher said to us.英语

5、中的语序通常是主语在前,谓语动词在后.所谓倒装就是把动词放在主语之 前.这种情况出现在疑问句中,也出现在其他一些特殊情形下.28.1 两种倒装(Two types of inversion)倒装一般分为两种,即主谓倒装和主语/功能词倒装.28.1.1 主谓倒装(Subject-verb inversion)主谓倒装,又称为全部倒装(Full inversion),即把整个谓语动词放在主语之 前.这一类倒装主要出现于地点状语后面,said John, answered Pet造有直接引语的结构中以及表 语提前的情况下.例如：-At the far end of the room stood a

6、tall policeman.- - “love you, "whisperedJohn. -Completely different is the last story.28.1.2 主语/ 功能词倒装(Subject-operation inversion)这种倒装又称为局部倒装,即把功能词(助动词或情态动词)放在主语之前,动词的其余局部依然在主语之后.如果句中没有助动词或情态动词,那么要加一个助动词do, does或did.例如： -He had no money, nor did he know anyone he could borrow from. -On no acco

7、unt must this switch be touched. -Only by chance did I hear that her moth er had died. -Were she alive today, she would grieve at the changes.28.2 在 以 neither, nor, so 等 开 始 的 句 子中(Sentences beginning with neither, nor, so, etc.)用neither, nor和so引导的句子表达某人、某事或某种情况与刚刚提到的相同, 在这种情况下必须要用倒装.neither, nor表示“

8、也不 ； so表示“也如此.这种倒装是局部倒装. -"I didn' t get much sleep last night: “Neither/Nor did I. -"Myhusband never touches a drying-upcloth. "Neithedoesmine. " -He re fused to apologize. Neither/Nor would he offer any explanation.- -All the students were obviously very miserable. Nor were

9、 the teachers satisfied with the conditions at the school.- -John saw the accident and so did Mary. -She was angry and so was I.请比较下面两句中 so和 neither/nor表达截然不同的意 思. -The corn is ripening, and so are the apples.- -The corn isn' t ripening, and neither/ nor are the apples. 请注意：应届生求职季宝典开启你的职场征途简历撰写

10、笔试真题面试攻略专业技能指导公务员专区a. so放在句首也可以用来表达另外一种意思,即对于别人讲的情况加以肯定, 表小附和.在这种情况下,不用倒装.请比较：-“You' ve spilled coffee on your dress:'" Oh, dear. So I have:(哎哟,真的呀.)-You' vspilled coffee on the table, and so have I(=,and I ' vspilled coffee on the table, too.)- -"That' s Isabel, look!&

11、quot;"So it is! (就是她)- -"I'm having a tooth out tomorrow.""So am I. (=, I am having a tooth out tomorrow, too.) -You asked me to leave, and so I did.你叫我走,我就走了. )- -You asked him to leave, and so did I.(你叫他走,我也叫他走啊.)b. neither 虽然放句首,但是其中央词作句子主语时,不用倒装. 例 如： -Neither of them wan

12、ted to stay.c. Neithernor句型中的 nor 分句也应该用倒装.如： -Sam neither has long hair, nor does he wear jeans. -Mary was neither happy, nor was she sad.-They have neither replied to my letters, nor have they answered my telephone ca lls.28.3 在以否认副词(如 hardly, never 等)开始的句子 中(Sentences beginning with negative adve

13、rb expressions: hardly, never, etc.)I在正式文体中,许多表达否认意义的副词或状语词组可以放在句首.在这种 情况下,必须用局部倒装.表达否认意义的副词和词组常见的有 seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, never, few, little, invain, much/ even/ still less,以 及含有 no/ not 的 词组/句型如 no sooner (than), on no account, inno circumstances, in no way, by no means, at no time, no

14、longer, not until, nowher e等等.例 如：- -Seldom had I seen such confusion.-Never in history had technology made such spectacular advances. -Hardly h ad I arrived when a quarrel broke out.- -No sooner was she back at home than she realized her mistake. -At no time was the entrance left unguarded. -Not ti

15、ll he got home did he realize that he had l ost it. -On no account must this switch be touched. -In no circumstances mus t the door be left open. -In no way can Mrs. Pethers be held responsible. -To no one will they admit their guilt.注意,如果位于句首的这种否认词/词组是作句子主语,句子不需要倒装.如： -Little help can be expected f

16、rom Peter.- -Not a single word that he said entitles you to make that accusation. -No hon est man would lie.- -Not many people came to the party.28.4在以表示地点或方向的副词如 here, there, down, away等开始的句子中 Sentences beginning with adverbs of position and direction: here, there, dow n, away, etc.当表示地点或方向的副词位于旬首时

17、,句子可用全部倒装.句中的谓语动词 常常是come, lie, stand, walk, live等不及物动词或是系动词 be在文学性和描写 性文章中采用这类倒装主要是为了使其更加生动,而把主语置于句末那么是为了使之成为信息中 心. -Down fell a dozen apples. -Away goes my chance of winning! -I n walked a man dressed in a black gown. -Next to it stood a pile of paper cups.-A few miles further on lies the enchanti

18、ng suburb of Balham, gateway to the Sou th. -Over the bridge marched the soldiers. -On the very top of the hill lives a hermit. 以上例句也可以不用倒装而用正语序, 如：-A dozen apples fell down. -My chance of winning goes away. -Aman dressed in a black gown walked in.但是如果主要动词是be时,句子总是用倒装,这时将be动词置于主语之前. 例如： -Below is a

19、restaurant.-Next to it is a different sign which says simply “ Beware .-Alongside him on the rostrum 讲 坛 will be Mr. Mitchell Fromstein. 以 here, there 开始的倒装句在口语中尤其多见. 如： -Ah, here comes somebody- at last! -There goes your last chance.-Here comes the train. -There goes the vica限师.试比较here, there放句首和放在

20、动词之后的区别：“Tom is here.意思是“汤姆在这儿.但是“ Here' sTom.意味着他刚出现或我们刚发现他.“Tom comes here:意味着他习惯于 来这儿.“Here comesTom.那么有他正在到来或刚刚到达的含义.注意：主语是代词时,此类以地点状语开始的句子不用倒 装.-Here she comes!她来了 ！ -There he is. -Away they went. -Down they flew.-Into the stifling smoke we plunged.28.5 在表语提前的句子中 (Sentences beginning with a

21、 fronted predicative)表语(主语补语)置于旬首时,句子需要全部倒装.这种倒装主要是为了达 到三种目的：a.把主语置于旬末使之成为信息中央,同时又可以利用句子的前 一局部来设置布景.例如：-Best of all was the Christmas pudding.b.为了使上下文联系更紧密.例如：- -His answer was a disgrace; equally regrettable was his departure immediately aft erwards.- -Her face was stony and even stonier was the to

22、ne of her voice.- -A year ago, two crashes occurred, and more recently has come the news of a thir d. c.预防头重脚轻由于原句主语太长,而谓语太短.如：- -At the head was Dr. Bethune on horse-back, followed by a donkey loaded with medical supplies.- -Just as firm was her determination to tell the truth about her experiences

23、.-Faint grew the sound of the bell.另外,出于同样的原因,有时会把状语提前,句子全部倒装.如： Without fear lives he who isdevoted to a just cause.28.6 在以only +状语开始的句子中,或是 not onlybut also句型 中Sentences beginning with only+ adverb, notonly but also etc. | 28.1 | 28.2 | 28.3 | 28.4 | 28.5 | 28.7 | top |以only +状语开始的句子中,句子要局部倒装.在“no

24、t only- but also"旬 型中,not only分旬要部分倒装.这类倒装常见于正式文体中.如：- -Only after entering the store did Anne realize that there was danger. -Only i n this way is it possible to explain their actions.- -Only in a few countries does the whole of the population enjoy a reasonable stan dard of living.- -Only by

25、shouting was he able to make himself heard.-Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to losing our lives.-Not only is he ill-mannered, but he is also the laziest and most irresponsible crea ture you couldever hope to meet.-Not only do they rob you, they smash everything too.注意：如果no

26、t only出现在旬首,但它修饰的中央是句子主语,此时主语和功能词不能倒装.-Not only he protested; several others joined in.28.7 用 于 其 他 一 些 特 殊 句 型中| 28.1 | 28.2 | 28.3 | 28.4 | 28.5 | 28.6 | top |28.7.1 用于有直接引语的句型中在直接引语之后,“主语+ say/ ask之类的动词可以用正语序,也可以倒装, 在书面语中常用全部倒装.如：- " What do you mean? asked Henry. ( or: Henry asked.)-“ Perha

27、ps he isn t a bad sort of chap after all, remarked Dave.-" am aware ofthat, replied the Englishman.“Please go away: said one child. And don't come back： pleaded another. 但 是,主语是代词时不用倒装.请比较： -"What do you mean? he asked.-"Who paying? shouted the fat man at the corner."Yoare, 'I answered.28.7.2 用于表示祝愿/意愿的句型这种祈求性虚拟语气一般只用于几种相当固定的说法中.如：-Long live the People's Republic of China! -Far be it from me to spoil the fun.“may +主语+谓语这种结构表示一种愿望或诅咒. -May you live a long and happy life! -May the best man win!-May he never set foot in this house again! -May you break your n