膜技术和环境保护中的水处理英文翻译

1、ApplicationofmembraneinwatertreatmentApplicationofmembraneinwatertreatmentTheapplicationofmembraneinwatertreatmentdependsonitseffectivenessofseparationandcostofprocess.Asanadvancedseparationtechnology,itisendowedwithmanyadvantages:highselectivity,applicabilityunderambienttemperaturewithoutphasechang

2、e,lowcostofenergy,highlevelofautomation,lowpollutionandetc.1 1DesalinationofseawaterandblackwaterDesalinationofseawaterandblackwaterROisthemosteconomicalwayforthedesalinationofseawaterandblackwater.Theenergyconsumptionislessthan5kWh/tforseawateror0.53kWh/tforblackwater.ThebiggestplantofROforseawater

3、desalinationcanproducewater2.1105m3/d,forblackwateris1.3105m3/d.ItseemsthatROisthebestmethodtosolvetheproblemofdrinkingwaterandindustrialwaterinthedraughtareas.ItcanbeverifiedbythefactthatmostofthelargestdesalinationplantsarelocatedinMiddleEastasshownintab.23.2 2PurificationofdrinkingwaterPurificati

4、onofdrinkingwaterMembraneisthebesttoolforthepurificationofdrinkingwaterbecauseitcanremovethesuspendedsubstance,bacteria,toxicmetalliccomponentsandorganiccomponentstoimprovethewaterquality.90%ofthecitywaterisproductivewater,only9%suppliedwateristhedomesticwaterandonly1%isdrinkingwater.Tosupplywaterse

5、paratelyfortheresidentzonesisaneffectivewaytoimprovethequalityofdrinkingwater.Supplyingwaterseparatelyistotreatthe1%suppliedwaterwithmembraneforspecialpurpose.SeparatesupplysystemhasbeenbuiltinsomeresidentzonesofBeijingandShenyang,whichmainlyuseROmembrane.Tab.2Tab.2Thelargestfivedesalinationplantsin

6、theworldCountryProductioncapacity(m3/d)UnitnumberWorkyearMembranecompanySaudiArabia128000151998TOYOBOSaudiArabia90909151999DUPONTSaudiArabia56800101989TOYOBOSaudiArabia56800101994TOYOBOSpain56400101998DUPONTTheworldtotalcapacityofdesalinationin1998is22735000m3/d.3 3ReuseofmunicipaldomesticsewageReus

7、eofmunicipaldomesticsewageCitysewageisanimportantpotentialwaterresource.Recycledwaterfordifferentpurposescanbeproducedfromthedomesticsewagewithmembrane.Itisaneffectivewaytosolvetheshortageofwaterresource.Thereare3domesticsewagetreatmentfactoriesinBeijing,andanother4areunderconstruction.Inaddition,15

8、morearetobebuilt.Thesewagetreatratiowillmountto80%in2006.Twomilliontonsofthetreatedwaterwillflowoutfromthesewastewatertreatmentfactories.Aftertreatedwithmembrane,thewatercanbereusedforindustrialpurpose,greenareaandotherfields.Inthisway,themunicipalsuppliedwatercanbereduced,andthewaterresourcecanbefu

9、llyutilized.Ifthemembranetechnologyisappliedinthedeeptreatmentofthecitysewage,morethanonemilliontonsofdischargedwastewaterwillbereducedeverydayonlyinBeijing.Atthesametime,morethanonemilliontonsofthewaterresourcecanbesaved.Soitwouldretrench0.36billiontonsofwaterperyear.Thismethodcanreducethewaterpoll

10、ution,aswellpreservethewaterresource.4 4TreatmentofindustrialwastewaterTreatmentofindustrialwastewaterIndustrialwastewaterhasmanytypesinlargequantityanditisveryharmful.Ifthewastewatercanbetreated,itwouldnotonlypreservetheresource,butalsoprotecttheenvironmentbecausethewastewatercontainssomedeleteriou

11、ssubstancessuchasoil,metallicions,phenolandetc.Themembranetechnologybearssplendidsignificanceintheindustrialwastewatertreatment.Inearly1970s,ROmembranebegantomaketheelectricplatingwastewaterrecycled;ChargedUFmembraneturnedtheelectrocoatingsysteminautomaticcompanyintocleanproducingline.Thewastewatert

12、reatmentwithmembranerecycledthewastewaterindyeingprocess;UFmembraneisakeytechnologyforthereuseofoilwastewater.4Futureofmembraneapplicationinwatertreatment4FutureofmembraneapplicationinwatertreatmentTheessenceofmembranetechnologyisahighlyeffectivematerial.Thematerialshouldprovidehighflux,highselectiv

13、ityandsoon.Inthewastewatertreatment,weoftenencounterhazardouscondition.Undersuchkindofcircumstances,organicmembranesometimescannotmeettherequirement.Consequently,moreattentionispaidtotheinorganicmembranenowthathasfulf川edaconsiderableprogressintheseyearswitharateof30%.CurrentlyChinacanproducetubecera

14、micmembraneonindustrialscale.Withthedecreaseofwaterresourceandtheincreaseofwaterpollution,itisdefinitelythatthemembranetechnology,theseparationtechnologyofthelowestenergycost,willrealizeabrilliantfuture.RO,NF,UF,MF,ion-exchange,dialysisetcwhicharemainlyusedinwatertreatmentwillbethecenterofmembranete

15、chnology.Chinaisacountrywithalargepopulationofnearly1.3billionpeople,whichcoversonefifthoftheworldpopulation,butthewaterresourceisonly1/20ofworld.Thereforethewaterresourcepercapitaisonly1/4ofthatoftheworld.Membraneisaneffectivemeanstosolvewaterproblem.Theadvantageofmembraneinwatertreatmentismoreandm

16、oreobviouswhileitsapplicationiswiderandwider.ThemembraneindustryofChinamarchesrapidlyatarateof30%annually.However,thedifferencefromthedevelopedcountryisstillbig.Themembraneoutputpercapitaismerely1/32ofthatofUSAand1/12ofthatoftheworld.ThemembranemarketinChinaishugewithabrightoutlook.Toenhancetheappli

17、cationofmembraneinwatertreatment,weshould:oPromotetheapplicationofmembranetechnology.oDevelopnew-fashionmembrane.膜技术和环境保护中的水处理任建新1张保成21中国蓝星化学清洗总公司,中国北京朝阳区北土城西路9号,1000292.意大利都灵理工大学化工系,CorsoDucadegliAbruzzi24,Torino10129,意大利膜技术在水处理中的应用膜技术在水处理中的应用决定于其别离效率和过程本钱.作为一种先进的别离技术,拥有许多的优点：高选择性,适用环境温度下无相变,能耗低,自动

18、化程度高,低污染等.1 1海水淡化和处理含细菌腐蚀产物的水反渗透膜是淡化海水和处理含细菌腐蚀产物的水最为经济的方法,淡化海水的能源消耗小于5kWh/t,处理含细菌腐蚀产物的水的能源消耗为0.53kWh/t.最大的应用反渗透膜急性水处理的公司每天的淡化海水量为2.1x105m3/d,处理含细菌腐蚀产物的水量为1.3X105m3/do反渗透似乎是解决干旱地区饮用水和工业用水在这个问题最好的方法.这是已经验证的事实,大多数最大坐落在中东的海水淡化工厂都可以到达这个标准,具体数据参照表2.32 2净化饮用水膜是净化饮用水最正确的工具,由于它能去除悬浮物质、细菌、有毒金属成分和有机成分,提升水的质量.9

19、0%的城市用水是生产用水,只有9%的供水是生活用水,只有1%的是饮用水.对居民区用水进行区分供给是提升居民饮用水质量的有效途径.区分供水是用利用膜技术对这1%的饮用水进行特殊处理,单独供给.这种居民用水分别供给的系统已经应用在北京和沈阳的一些居民区,主要应用的是反渗透膜.3 3市政污水的回用城市污水是一种重要的潜在的水资源.用膜把各种不同的回收水进行处理,用作生活用水.这是一种解决水资源短缺的有效方法.北京有已建的3座、4座正在建造中生活污水处理工厂,而将要建设的有15座.到2006年,污水处理的比例会提升到80%.这些废水处理工厂的处理量将到达2亿吨.水经过膜处理后,可以到达重复使用的目的,

20、如用作工业用水、绿化用水以及其他的领域.以这种方式,市政用水供给量可以降低,而水资源也能够得到充分的利用.如果膜技术应用在城市污水深度处理,仅在北京每天就将减少超过100万吨的污水排放,同时,也就节约了超过100万吨的水资源.这样每年就可以每年减少3.6亿吨水的水费开支.这种方法能减轻水污染,保护水资源.表.2 2世界五大海水淡化厂国家处理量m3/d单位数目起运作年份膜技木公司沙特阿拉伯128000151998东洋纺沙特阿拉伯90909151999杜邦沙特阿拉伯56800101989东洋纺沙特阿拉伯56800101994东洋纺西班牙56400101998杜邦1998年世界海水淡化的总容量为22735000m3/d4 4处