国际咨询作业及答案

1、）和英语六级4级（CET作文，还是英语四无论是四六级英语,如果你想拿高分，让评分老师有耳目一新的感觉，你就必-4）（CET英语作文结渡词可以你的渡词。恰当，合理运用过度须学会用过度避免脱节现象。但最重要的是你要在平时练习的时候过渡自然,构紧凑，过渡词，但不要滥用，否则会适得其反的。你要懂得何/就多用过度词时用这些词，这样在考试中用起来才不会别扭，不顺手。四六级英语作文写作基础一一过渡词众所周知，要写出清晰流畅的文章，需要把文章中各部分巧妙地连接在一起。这样可使文章自然而别致，并能层层展开主题句，完整地是连接这些部分的纽Words）表达中心思想。而过渡词（Transitional带。过渡词是一种

2、关系指引词，一般由副词或起副词作用的短语承担。此外，代词、连词、上下文的近义词等也可作过渡词。过渡词能使文章启、承、转、合，融会贯通，连成一体。一、过渡词的分类1.根据意思和作用的不同，过渡词可以分为以下十五类：（1）表并列关系的过渡词：and,also,aswell,aswellas,or;too,notonly-butalso,bothand,eitherocneithernor（2）表递进关系的过渡词：besides,inaddition（加之，除之外），moreover（此夕卜,而且，14/Iwhat'sworsewhafsmore,3）表转折对比的过渡词：（contrary,

3、onthetheotherhand,but,howeveriyet,instead,onunlike,whereas,inpiteof,from,although,differentdespite,ago-today,yearsonly-butalso,here-*there,nevertheless,notwhereasfirstthennow,thethisthat,theformer-thelattenhand,theotherontheonehand,thesecond,once-now,onsome-others:4）表原因的过渡词（由because,becauseof,since,

4、as,for,nowthat,thanksto,duetoJ*）：5）表结果的过渡词（hence,thereby,that,then,soso,thus,therefore,asaresult,so-*that,such-that：6)表条件的过渡词(ess,onconditionthat,as/solongasif,uni：)表时间的过渡词(7when,while,after,before,until,assoonas,latei;afterwards,soon,meantime,theinfromsince,thenon,eventually,recently,lately,enly,at

5、thesametime,next,earlythismorning/year/then,suddcentury,afterawhile,inafewdays,now,presently,finally,atlast,en,formnowon,atpresent,immediately,themomentallofasuddi4/28)表特定的顺序关系的过渡词(all,ofaboveall,firstthird,first,firstly,second,secondly,thirdly,)后来(theend,atlast,afterward(s)next,then,finally,infinal

6、ly,last,)thereafter(在那以后乎meanwhile(几同时)，eventually(终于)表换一种方式表达的过渡词：(9inotherwords,thatistosay,toputitanotherway：)表进行举例说明的过渡词(ioforinstance,forexample,like,suchas：(11)表陈述事实的过渡词infact,actually,asamatteroffact,totellyouthetruth：12)表强调的过渡词(oubt,certainly,indeed,aboveall,surely,mostimportant,infact,nodou

7、bt,truly,obviouslywithoutanyd13)表比较的过渡词：(like,unlike,inthesameway,similarly,similarto)表目的的过渡词：(14erto,soastoforthisreason,forthispurpose,sothat,inord)表总结的过渡词：(15),aboveall,after),ingeneral,inshort(总之，简言之总之inawordfall,generallyspeaking,tosumup,finally,inconclusion,atlast,insummary14/3文章段落之间的逻辑关系主要由过渡

8、词来完成，在修辞中称为启、2.是综合或总合“转”是转折，“启”就是开头，“承”是承接,“承、转、合。“结。的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常”“用于表示启1)用于“启”的过渡词语(用在段落或文章的开头：first,firstofall,atfirst,inthefirstplace,firstly,tobeingwith,togeneral,ininrecentyears,startwith,recently,now,atpresent,generallyspeaking,atpresent,lately,currently,Itisoftensaidthat-,Astheproverbsays，ay

9、ingthat-,Itgoeswithoutsear/obviousthat-,Itiscleoftenask-Manypeopl的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在承”表示“的过渡词语(2)用于“承”段落中的第一个扩展句中：es,then,furthermore,moreoversecond,similarly,inaddition,besidcertainly,instance,e,forworse,more,whatisforexampliswhatinespecially,particularly,obviously,surely,inotherwords,nosametime,thetru

10、ly,eed,still,third,infact,atindparticulan，doubtItistruethat-,verybodyknowsthat,Em/4Itcanbeeasilyprovedthat-,enythat-Noonecand,Thereasonwhyisthatoubtthat-,ThereisnodTotake*foranexample(instance)，Weknowthat-,Whatismoreseriousisthat的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在”“转转”的过渡词语用于(3)用于“段落中的第二个扩展句中：but,however,ontheotherhand

11、,onthecontrary,incontrast,inany),otherwise,or,),nevertheless(虽然如止匕case,atanyrate(无论如何espite,inspiteof.,yet,instead,orelse,while,whereas,but,dIdonotbelievethat,Perhapsyoufllaskwhy*Thismaybetrue,butwestillhaveaproblemwithregardto，differenceswillbeThoughweareinbasicagreementwith,yetfound,That'swhyI

12、feelthat的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用合“”合”的过渡词语用于)用于(4“在段落的结论句或文章的结论段中：generallyall,all,afteraboveininaword,general,inshort,summary,inlast,conclusion,finally,sum,speakingtoup,inat14/5eventually;),afterall(毕竟all,asaresult,abovethus,therefore,theon总之),inconclusion,inaword,sum(hence,inshort,intosumup就整体而言whole(Fromth

13、ispointofviewOnaccountofthiswecanfindthatenton-TheresultisdependThus,thisisthereasonwhywemust-二、过渡词的应用有的学生在作文中使用过多简单句，成了简单句堆砌；有的写复杂句等非但达不到丰yet,however,butand,then,or时,动辄用so,富表达方式的目的，反而使句子结构松散、呆板。为了避免这种现象，不仅能够丰富句型，而且还能够把思想表,可以通过使用不同的过渡词达得更清楚，意义更连贯。例如：学生习作1.TVandwebsiteinsomethingmedia,popularTheyhave

14、andTVwebsitearecommon.Bothofthemmakemoneyfromads.Websitesalsohavedifferentsections.Youmaychoosetheoneyouaremostinterestedin.Theyaredifferentinmanyways.MovingpicturesareshownonTVwithsoundandinterpretation.ItmakesyoufeelthatyouarejustTVProfessionalday.changeThetheonspot,programsevery14/6reportersdothe

15、reportforTV.Someinformationonwebsiteschangeallthetime.Notallofitissoupdated.EverybodycanwritearticlesforwebsitesratherthanprofessionalreporterissaywhichishardtoEverymediumhasitsownfeatures.Itbetter.逻辑关系含糊不清，意思支这段文字用简单句表达，它们之间内在的O如果使用过渡词，将单句与其前后合并，形成主次关系，就离破碎把一个比较复杂的内容和关系表达得层次清楚、结构严谨。修改后的文章：TVandwebs

16、iteinsomethingTheyhavewebsiteTVandarepopularmedia.Both,websitesSimilartoTVcommon.Bothofthemmakemoneyfromads.areoneyouyoumaychoosethesoalsohavedifferentsections,thatmostinterestedin.movingpicturestheyaredifferentinmanyways.AbovealbHowever,areshownonTVwithsoundandinterpretation,whichmakesyoufeel,thepr

17、ogramschangeeverydayandThenasifyouarejustonthespot.someTV,UnlikedothereportforTVreportersprofessionalTVsoisallofittime,websitesinformationonchangeallthebutnotratherforwebsiteseswriteeverybodyadditionupdated.In>canarticlthanprofessionalreporter.14/7everymediumhasitsownfeatures,soitishardtosaywhich

18、Inaword,isbetter修改后的文章用过渡词来衔接上下段haveBothTVandwebsitearepopularmedia.They第一段第一句为：somethingincommon.However;theyaredifferentinmanyways.第二段第一句为：第三段第一句为：Inaword,everymediumhasitsownfeaturesBoth-and,这篇短文每一段的第一句都是主题句,在每个主题句前使用使全文有序地衔接起来。However,Inaword（见上文）如果在文章中再恰当使用其他的过渡词，会使文章增色很多。我们常常遇到这样的作文题目，如：发展私人轿车

19、的利与弊、科学发明的利与弊、网上购物的利与弊。这些题目常常是谈论一个事物的两个方面，这时只要使用表示转折的过渡词就能很好地连接上下段。andecomingmoreonlineshoppingisbwayAsanewofshopping,inourdailylife,morepopularOnlineshoppinghasmanydisadvantages.First,onlineshoppingmakessearchingacrowdedstore,weforustobuythings,easierlnsteadofitjustneedtowatchthecomputerscreenandch

20、oosethethingswelike.fbrustodoshopping.Wedon'thavetospendafasterSecond,itismuchgoodsshownotoftimegoingtoshops.Third,wecanseelagreatdealofonthecomputerscreenatthesametime.14/8goodsofThepicturesshoppingisnotsoperfect.However,onlineAsaresult,.shownonthecomputerscreenarenotalwayswhattheyareinthething

21、scannotseewewecanbecheatedeasily.What'sworse,detail.thedisadvantagesofonlineshopping,IthinkitisanadvancedDespiteopit.waytodoshopping.Soweshoulddevel四六级作文题2我们主要看一下四六级作文题中过渡词的使用假定你是李华，正在英国牛津参加短期语言培训，计划星期天去伦敦（箭互联网上一则广告引起了你的注意，旅游。但一些具体信息不明确头所指内容）。请给该旅行社发一封电子邮件，询问有关情况。注意：左右，信的格式已为你写好。1.词数100可根据内容要点适当

22、增加细节，以使行文连贯。2.fee费用3.参考词汇：牛津OxfordDearSir/Madame；Yours,LiHua14/9Possibleversion:DearSir/Madame,itingfbrmoreinformationaboutthedaytourtoLondon.TmwrAsastudentatOxfordUniversityI'dliketoknowifyouhaveanyspecialtheitcovermoneytheyoucharge,doespriceforstudents.AsforitIslunch?listed?Whataboutfeesentran

23、ceforvisitingtheplacesongmyownfood?included?OrdoIneedtobringalessonsfortheongwillthetourlast?SinceIneedtopreparemyIHowInextdayI'dliketoknowthetimetoreturn.Besides,isthereanytimeon.ookatthebigstoresinLondforshopping?IreallywanttohaveaILiHuaYburs,20分）第一节情景作文（将要来你所在的红星中学学习中文，经协商安排住在美国中学生Jeff写一封信，按照

24、下图顺序介绍他来中Jeff你家。假设你是李华，请给国后的生活安排。注意：信的开头已为你写好。1.o602.词数不少于DearJeff,earneSchool.IfmveryhappytoIdlfmLiHuafromBeijingHongxingMidi4/10thatyou'regoingtostaywithmyfamilywhileyou'reinBeijing.Bestwishes,LiHuaPossibleversion:DearJeff,earneSchool.TmveryhappytoIfmLiHuafromBeijingHongxingMiddleyou'r

25、einBeijing.thatyou'regoingtostaywithmyfamilywhileyouarehere,we'llprovideyouwitharoomofyourownwithaWhilownyouralsohavechairsandaTVYbufllabed,desk,acoupleoftodgohome,sowecoulschoolbathroom.Ourisquiteclosetoourschooltogetherbybike.Atnoonwe'lleatattheschooldininghall.Tmndenjoytalkingwithsure

26、you11!likethedeliciousChinesefoodthere,atheinat4:00finishlunch.Classesinourschoolusuallyfriendsoverorballgamesotherstudentsinplayingthenafternoon.Youcanjoinotoffun.swimming.Itfllbealerlltryouretmeknow.WIfyouhaveanyquestionsorrequests,pleaseleasantexperience,besttomakeyourstayhereinBeijingaplBestwish

27、es,LiHua分）15第二节开放作文（14/II50o请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于boyeofalittltheEnglishclass,teachershowsthispictureInyourandaskstheclasstodiscussit.Yourclassmatesookingintoamirror,Ihavedifferentunderstandings.erstandtheLookatthepicturecarefullyandtelltheclasshowyouunddsayonthenextpage,picture.Writewhatyouwoul请将开放作文写

28、在右侧横线内Onepossibleversion:eboystandinginfrontofamirror.He'sWecanseeinthepicturealittlettinghisimaginationfly.WhatheseesinthemirrorisnothisphysicalIselfbutwhathewillbelikeintwentyyears.Althoughheissmallandshortnow,hebelieveshewillgrowuptobeatallandstrongyoungmanlikeYaoMing,whoheadmires.Ithinkthispicturetriestotellusthatwe