被动语态讲解

1、被动语态语态是动词的一种形式,表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系,主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。一被动语态的时态：1.一般现在时的被动语态：  am /is/ are +动词的过去分词2.一般过去时的被动语态：  was /were +动词的过去分词3.一般将来时的被动语态：  will be +动词的过去分词4.现在进行时的被动语态：  am /is /are +being +动词的过去分词5.现在完成时的被动语态：  have /has +been +动词的过去分词6.情态动词的被

2、动语态：   情态动词 + be +动词的过去分词二被动语态的基本用法:(1) 需要强调动作的承受者时The Great Wall is enjoyed by millions of people all over the worldEnglish is widely spoken in the world now. (2) 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时Mr. Wang is invited to the meeting today .The problem is dealt with now .(3) 当说话人需要强调客观时It is said that s

3、he was a beauty when she was young .三主动主动语态变被动语态的变法：口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变be done ,时不变，数格必须随被变。  注：1.主动、被动的时态要一致。      2.主动、被动的句式要一致。      3.变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。语态转换不被动语态的步骤1, 把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语2, 把动词改为被动语态形式即"be+过去分词"。3, 原来主动语态句子中的主语,如果需要就

4、放在by的后面以它的宾格形式出现(因为by是介词,后面需跟宾格作介词的宾语。)以指明做事的人或物,如果没有必要,可以省略。4, 其它成分不变5, 被动语态中"by+宾语"的省略被动语态句式中的"by+宾语"表示及物动词所表示动作的执行者,但是在遇到以下情况时,表示动作执行者"by +宾语"常常被省略。(1) 动作执行者不确定时Paper is made from wood .Many people are killed in traffic accidents every year .(2) 不必表明动作执行者时English is

5、also spoken as the second language as well as one of the official languagesFootball is played in most schools。(3 ) 动作执行者为一般大众时Both English and Spanish are spoken in this area.一般过去时的被动语态的基本句式(1) 肯定式:主语+ was /were +过去分词+byIt was made in Beijing Ren'ai Education Institute . (2) 否定式:主语+was /wer

6、e + not + 过去分词+ byShe was not given a paniting by him .This question was not discussed at the meeting yesterday .(3) 一般疑问句:Was /Were + 主语+过去分词+by ?Was it made of bamboo?(4) 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were + 过去分词+byWhat was is made of ?教你一招如果句子为一般现在时,主动语态用do/does ,被动语态用is/am /are如果句子为一般过去时,主动语态用did ,被动语态用was /w

7、ere .由情态动词构成的被动语态的基本句式(1) 肯定式:主语+情态动词+be+ 过去分词-Water can be changed into ice.You should buy a dictionary at once -A dictionary should be bought at once by you.(2) 否定式:主语+ 情态动词+not +be +过去分词+by You must not take out any books， Any books mustn't be taken out by you .They needn't look after the

8、 little child -The little child needn't be looked after (by them)(3) 疑问句:情态动词+主语+be +过去分词+by Can you use it ?-Can it be used ?常见的情态动词有:can,may, will, must , dare , need,should.主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况:1, 当宾语是反身代词时 The man introduced himself as Mr.Parker .2,当谓语是表示状态的及物动词时 Does the pair of new shoes suit y

9、ou?We will have a meeting .四特殊情况的被动语态：1.带双宾语的被动语态：动词+ sb(间宾) +sth(直宾)口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to /for 间宾连。1).give/pass /show/lend/send 与介词to 搭配。give sb sth sb +be given sth 或 sth +be given +to sb . 2).buy/make/cook 与介词for 搭配。buy sb sth sb +be bought + sth 或 sth +be bought +for sb He gave me a book I _ _

10、 a book by him. A book _ _ _ me by him .My mother made me a cake . I _ _ a cake by my mother A cake _ _ _ me by my mother .2.带省to 的不定式作宾补的被动语态：动词+ sb + do sth .口诀：感使动词真叫怪，to来to去记心怀，主动语态to离去被动语态to回来。动词：make / let /have /see /hear /feel /watch make sb do sth -sb + be +made +to do sth The boss made the

11、 workers work all day The workers _ _ _ work all day by the boss.3. see /hear /notice /keep +sb +doing sth 句型中变被动语态时doing 不变。I heard Tom singing just now  Tom _ _ _ by me just now .4.以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。We should take care of the old .  The old should _ _ _ _ .五注意事项：1.有些及物动词或动

12、词短语不能用于被动语态：last ,have ,own .belong to ,suitfine ,2.不及物动词是没有被动语态：happen ,take place ,appear , hold (容纳)3.系动词是没有被动语态：Look, feel ,sound ,smell ,taste .The dish tastes good .4.有些词组没有被动语态：sell well , write well ,ride well ,drive well This kind of skirt sells well.5.need表示需要时，后面常接doing 形式表示被动意义，相当于to be

13、done .All the computers need repairing .=All the computers need _ _ _ .6.在tooto及enough to 结构中有时表示被动意义。The problem is too difficult to solve.一、单项选择( )1.Do you often clean your classroom?Yes. Our classroom _ every day.A. clean B.cleans C.is cleaned D.is cleaning( )2.A talk on developments in science a

14、nd technology_in the school hall next week.A. given B.will be given C.has been given D.give( )3.His new book_ next month.A. will be published B. is publishingC. is being published D. has been published( )4.Did you go to Jacks birthday party?No,I_.A. am not invited B.wasnt invited C.havent invited D.

15、didnt invite( )5.Mum,can I go to the zoo with Jack?When your homework_,you can.A. is done B.was done C.does D.did( )6.Twentyyearolds should not_to drive in China.A.allow B.be allow C.be allowed D.allowed.( )7.Seeing him rush into the room with tears in his eyes,I asked him what_.A.would happen B.had

16、 happenedC.happened D.was happened.( )8.The book Businessthe Speed of Thought _in 1999.A.writes B.is written C.wrote D.was written.( )9.Trees and flowers_every year to make our country more beautiful.A.is planted B.was planted C.are planted D.were planted.( )10.Chinas sports stars Yao Ming and Liu X

17、iang_Good Will Ambassadors(亲善大使)for Shang hai.A.has been named B.have been namedC.has named D.have named.( )11.The earth is our home.It _well.A.must be protected B.should protectC.need protect D.should protected.( )12.In recent years, many children are made _ what they are not_.A.to do;interested in

18、 B.to do;interestedC.do;interested D.do;interested.( )13._a new library_in your school last year?A.Is;built B.Was;built C.Does;built D.Did;built.( )14.An accident_on this road last week.A.has been happened B.was happenedC.is happened D.happened.( )15.Cotten _in the southeast of China.A.is grown B.ar

19、e grown C.grows D.grow.( )16.So far, the moon_by man already.A. is visited B.will be visitedC.has been visited D.was visited.( )17.How many trees _this year?A.are planted B.will plant C.have been planted D.planted.( )18.A lot of things _by people to save the little girl now.A.are doing B.are being d

20、oneC.has been done D.will be done.( )19.Neither of them _ in ChinaA.is made B.are made C.were made D.made.( )20.Look! A nice picture_for our teacher.A. is drawing B.is being drawn C.has been drawn D.draws.( )21.Your shoes_.You need a new pair.A.wear out B.worn out C.are worn out D.is worn.( )22.The

21、doctor_for yet.A.isnt sent B.hasnt been sentC.wont be sent D.wasnt sent.( )23When _this kind of computer_?Last year.A.did;use B.was;used C.is;used D.are;used( )24.The Great Wall_about all over the world.A.knows B.knew C.is known D.was known.( )25.I_in summer.A.born B.was born C.have been born D.am b

22、orn.( )26.He says that Mr Zhang_to the factory next week.A.is sent B.would send C.was sent D.will be sent.( )27.Who _this book_?A.did;written B.was;written by C.do;written D.was;written( )28.Mary _show me her new dictionary.A.has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to( )29. A story _ by Granny

23、 yesterday.A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us( )30.The monkey was seen_out of the tree.A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump单项选择1. Good books _ again and again.A. should be readed B. should be readC. must read D. ought to read2. The children _ by the nurse.A. were looked B. looked aft

24、erC. were looked after D. looked3. He _ some pieces of advice, but he _ to them.A. gave, didn't listen B. was given, wasn't listenedC. give, wasn't listened D. was given, didn't listen4. When_ the accident _ ?A. was, happen B. did, happenC. is, happen D. was, happened5. The question

25、_ by us soon.A. is going to discuss B. will discussC. is going to be discussed D. has been discussed6. The lab _ about five years ago.A. was builded B. was built C. builds D. has been built7. A lot of tall buildings _ in his hometown in the last three years.A. have set up B. have been set up C. were

26、 set up D. set up8. They _ printing 500 copies by the end of last month.A. had finished B. have finished C. had been finished D. have been finished9. Rice _ also _ in their hometown.A. isgrown B. isgrew C. wasgrew D. wasgrown10. He _ by the teachers.A. is always praised B. praisesC. have been praise

27、d D. always is praised11. Great changes _ place. Many new schools_ .A. have taken, have been opened B. take, are openC. are taken, open D. have been taken, are opened12. The picture_ in October, 1996.A. was taking B. had been taken C. was taken D. had taken13. We can't use the bridge now, becaus

28、e it_ .A. has been repaired B. is repairing C. is repaired D. is being repaired14. I _the way to the railway station by a policeman.A. was shown B. showed C. have shown D. was showing15. The war_ in 1941.A. broke out B. had been broken outC. was broken out D. had broken out16. When water_ , it will

29、be changed into vapour.A. is heated B. heating C. has heated D. heats17. We can't enter the room because its door_ .A. locked B. locks C. is locked D. is locking18. They _day and night.A. are made work B. are made to workC. made to be worked D. are making to work19. Chang'an Road is _of peop

30、le.A. filled B. fill C. full D. fulled20. Man-made satellites _into space by many countries.A. was sent up B. is sent upC. have been sent up D. has been sent up21. This English song _ often _ by the children.A. is, singing B. is, sung C. will, sing D. was, sung22.The windows of our house _once a wee

31、k.A. must clean B. have cleaned C. is cleaned D. are cleaned23. When _ the People's Republic of China_ ?A. was, found B. was, founded C. did, found D. does, found24. Mary's radio _ by my brother just now.A. will be mended B. has mended C. was mended D. mended25. Your exercise books _ after c

32、lass.A. will hand in B. must hand in C. handed in D. must be handed in26. Some trees may _ at other times of the year.A. be planted B. plant C. are planted D. will be planted27. The sun _ at night as usual.A. can be seen B. can't see C. can't be seen D. doesn't see28. A new English play

33、_ there next week.A. will put on B. will be put on C. is going to put on D. will be putted on29. A strange thing _ in our school yesterday.A. was happened B. has been happened C. happened D. was going to happen30. The glass _ . It _ by little Tom this morning.A. broke, is broken B. is broken, was br

34、okenC. was broken, broke D. has been broken, broken把下列句子改为被动语态1. I saw the boy run yesterday.2. He told me that he would come back soon.3. You can find a lot of differences between the two languages.4. Do you water your flowers every day?5. The wind blew down the big tree last night.6. I think that

35、he is right.7. He had not thrown the bad food.8. Mother was not mending the trousers.9. They would not take him to Beijing.10. Nobody knew me in this town at that time.一、选择题（2×15=30分）(   )1._ a new library _ in our school last year?A. Is; built       

36、;   B. Was; built     C. Does; build    D. Did ; build(   )2. An accident _ on this road last week.A. has been happened  B. was happened  C. is happened    D. happened(   )3.Cotton（棉花） _ in the southeast of Chi

37、na.A. is grown          B. are grown      C. grows         D. grow(   )4.So far, the moon _ by man already.A. is visited          B. wi

38、ll be visited   C. has been visited  D. was visited(   )5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week.    A. is given           B. has been given   C. will be given   D. gives(&

39、#160;  )6.How many trees _ this year?    A. are planted        B. will plant        C. have been planted  D. planted(   )7.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now.  

40、0; A. are doing          B. are being done   C. has been done  D. will be done(   )8.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year.    A. did; use           B. was; us

41、ed        C. is; used       D. are; used(   )9.The Great Wall _ all over the world.    A. knows            B. knew       

42、;    C. is known       D. was known(   )10.Who _ this book _?    A. did; written        B. was; written by   C. did; written     D. was; written(   )11.A s

43、tory _ by Granny yesterday.    A. was told us        B. was told to us     C. is told us       D. told us(   )12.The monkey was seen _ off the tree.    A. jump  

44、0;          B. jumps           C. jumped        D. to jump(   )13.The school bag _ behind the chair.    A. puts     

45、0;        B. can be put        C. can be putted   D. can put(   )14.Older people _ well.     A. looks after        B. must be looked after C. must look aft

46、er D. looked after(   )15.Our teacher _ carefully.     A. should be listened to B. should be listen    C. be listened    D. is listened二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。（1×20=20分）(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)1.It's said(据说) that the long bridge_（build）in two mo

47、nths2.Where to have the meeting _ （discuss）now3.Which language _the most widely_（speak）in the world？4.The lost boy_（not find）so far5.Last year a large number of trees_（cut）down6. The students _ often _(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.7. The old man is ill. He _ (must send) to the hospit

48、al.8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop.9. What _ knives  _ (make) of ?  They_(make) of metal(金属) and wood.10. Can the magazine _ (take) out of the library?11. The room _ (clean) by me every day.12. The stars cant _ (see) in the daytime.13. Some flowers _ (water) by Li Ming

49、already.14. This kind of shoes _ (sell) well.15. How long _ your uncle _(be) in the city?16. The food _ (smell) delicious.17. Look! Someone _(dance).三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 （1×30=30分）1.Is tea grown in South China？（改为主动语态）_ people _ tea in South China？2.I am given a birthday present by my parents ever

50、y year（同义句转换）A birthday present _  _  _  _by my parents every year3.The work is going to be finished in two days. (对划线提问)How_  _ the work going to be finished ?4. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态)  An English song _  _  _ by the children.5. You needn

51、't do it now. (改为被动语态)  It _  _  _ by you now.6. People use metal for making machines. (改为被动语态)  Metal _  _  _making machines.7. He made me do that for him. (改为被动语态)  I _  _  _  _ that for him.8.They are watching the football match.The football m

52、atch _   _  _  by them.9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? (改为被动语态)  _ a bridge _ here by them a year ago?10.They have sold out the light green dresses. (改为被动语态)  The light green dresses _  _  _ out.11.We call the game “Lianliankan”. (改为被动语态)The game _&

53、#160; _ “Lianliankan” by us.四、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。 (1×10=10分)The new bike _  _  _  _ （买给我）by my parents as a present last week_ your mobile phone _  _  _（是国产的吗）？The whole mountain is _  _ (覆盖) the snow.五、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。 （10分）I have a lot of homework to be done tonight            _Is your history teacher listened carefully in class？         _