必修四Unit 4 Body Language-grammar（课堂PPT）

1、1Unit 4 Body LanguageGrammar V-ing form as Attribute and Adverbial现在分词做定语和状语2 现在分词（Present Participle，又称-ing形式、现在进行式) ，由动词原形+ing形式组成。具有双重性，一面具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语；另一面具有形容词和副词的特征，可以充当表语，定语，状语，补足语，可以表示主动或正在进行的动作，是非谓语动词的一种。3 The music is exciting. China is a developing country. The teacher came in smilin

2、g. We heard her singing in her room.V-ing做表语V-ing做定语V-ing做状语V-ing做宾语补足语4V-ing形式做定语现在分词及其短语可以在句子中作定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。其动作和谓语动词同时发生，与其修饰词之间是主动关系，也就是说现在分词的动作就是它修饰的那个词的动作。51现在分词作定语时的位置现在分词作定语时的位置(1) 单个的现在分词作定语时多置于它所修饰的名词之前；分词短语用于它所修饰词的后面。例如：He is a(n) player. 他是一个 运动员。They lived a room thirty years ago.三十年前

3、，他住在一个 房间里。攻击型的朝北的attacking facing the north6 (2)如现在分词修饰由some/any/no + thing/body/one所形成的不定代词或指示代词those时，分词在这些被修饰词的后面。例如：Anyone will be punished. 任何人都将受到惩罚。swimming正在游泳的7 现在分词表进行意味和主动意味，因此，用现在分词作定语时，其表示的动作是与谓语动词同时发生的,或是正在发生的动作。例如： The man running over there is our chairman.= The man who is running o

4、ver there is our chairman. 正在朝那边跑的那个人是我们主席。2. 现在分词作定语时与谓语动词的时间关系现在分词作定语时与谓语动词的时间关系83、如果一个及物动词作定语，既要、如果一个及物动词作定语，既要表达表达进行进行意味，又要表达意味，又要表达被动被动意味意味时，可用时，可用现在分词的被动语态现在分词的被动语态。 例如：The meeting being held is very important. 正召开的会议很重要。The skyscraper being built is higher than that built the last year.正在建的那幢

5、摩天大楼比去年建的那幢还高。being done9 V-ing 形式做状语形式做状语 1. 做时间状语 2. 做原因状语 3. 做条件状语 4. 做让步状语 5. 表示方式或伴随情况 6. 做结果状语 7. 评论性状语10 1. 做时间状语做时间状语 V-ing形式做时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，几乎每个V-ing短语作时间状语时，都可以转变为一个时间状语从句。11Climbing to the top of the hill, we saw a beautiful view. =When we climbed the top of the hill, we saw a beautiful

6、 view.爬上山顶后我看到了一幅美丽的景象。 Hearing the news, she burst into tears.= When she heard the news, she burst into tears.122. 做原因状语做原因状语 V-ing做原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句，同时可以转化为一个原因状语从句。 Not knowing her address, I might as well as telephone her to come over.= Because/ Since I didnt know her address, I might as well as

7、telephone her to come over. 由于不知道她的地址，我只好打电话让她过来。 133. 作条件状语作条件状语 V-ing短语有时候表示一种假设的情况，相当于一个条件从句。有时在V-ing短语前加上 if 或 unless，使条件更明确。 Working hard at your lessons, you are to succeed. =If you work hard at your lessons, you are to succeed.144. 做让步状语做让步状语 V-ing做让步状语时，相当于一个让步状语从句，有时V-ing可带有连词 although, whe

8、ther, even if, even though。 Knowing all this, I still want to see it for myself. =Although I know all this, I still want to see it for myself.155. 表示方式或伴随情况表示方式或伴随情况 V-ing 短语表示方式或者伴随情况是比较常用的，用来说明动作发生的背景或情况。一般情况下，V-ing 所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时同时发生。它没有相应的状语从句可替换，但可以用并列句并列句来转换。 Mary lay on the grass, starin

9、g at the sky. =Mary lay on the grass and stared at the sky. 玛丽躺在草地上，望着天空。166. 做结果状语做结果状语V-ing 短语作结果状语时，不常用，通常放在句末句末，中间有逗号，有时为了突出结果，V-ing 前带有thus.His parents died, leaving him an orphan.他的父母死了，他成了孤儿。177. 评论性状语评论性状语 有些惯用的V-ing 短语在句中中可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，表面说话者的态度观点等。我们称这种状语为评论性状语或评注性状语。18

10、 generally speaking 一般来说 strictly speaking 严格来说 roughly speaking 大致来说 broadly speaking 广义上来说 narrowly speaking 狭义上来说 judging from/ by 由.判断 considering 考虑到 frankly speaking 坦率地说 personally speaking 就个人而言 supposing 如果19 Generally speaking, girls are more interested in literature than boys. 一般来说，女孩比男孩更

11、喜欢文学。 Judging from her accent, she must from Arabian countries. 听她的口音，她肯定来自阿拉伯国家。201现在分词作状语与谓语动词时间关系现在分词作状语与谓语动词时间关系（1）现在分词表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生，分词用一般形式V-ing。例如：He ran up to her breathing heavily. 他气喘吁吁的跑到她面前。21 (2) 当V-ing所表示的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用V-ing的完完成时成时。 Having already seen the film twice,

12、 she didnt want to go to the cinema. 这电影他已看过两遍，他不想去看了。22 2、现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语句子主语的动作。因此，句子主语与现在分词之间是主动关系。I run out of the house shouting.我喊叫着跑出屋来。23 3、有些现在分词作状语时，其前可用after, before, since, when, while, whenever, once, until, on, as等词。After talking to you, I always fell better.和你谈过话后我总感觉好一些。24 4.

13、现在分词的否定式是在现在分词的前面加not。Not recognizing the voice, he refused to give the person his address.因为没听出这个人的声音，他没把自己的地址给他。25 巧学助记： 分词作状语，主语是问题 逗号前后两动作，共用一主语 主语找出后，再来判关系 主动用ing,被动用ed Having done 表先后，千万要牢记26现在分词与过去分词区别现在分词与过去分词区别两者之间的区别主要体现在时态和语态上：两者之间的区别主要体现在时态和语态上：（1 1）在时态上：）在时态上：现在现在分词表示正在分词表示正在进行进行，而而过去过去

14、分词表示已经分词表示已经完成完成。例如：。例如： （2 2）在语态上：）在语态上：现在现在分词表示分词表示主动主动；而；而过去过去分词表示分词表示被动被动。总之，总之，分词表分词表；分词表分词表。在句法功能上它们都可以作在句法功能上它们都可以作定语和定语和，它，它们的具体区别如下：们的具体区别如下： China is a developing country,while America is a developed one.271、作定语时、作定语时取决于分词与被修饰词的关系：取决于分词与被修饰词的关系：主动关系或主谓关系用主动关系或主谓关系用 doing被动关系或动宾关系用被动关系或动宾关系

15、用 doneThe meeting is very important.2.Tell the children not to make so much noise.3. They lived in a room . 4. I hate to see letters .被动关系被动关系被动关系被动关系主动关系主动关系主动关系主动关系28练习练习1. Mrs.White showed her students some old maps _ from the library. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing2. For br

16、eakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow 3. There is a great deal of evidence _ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicateD. to be indicating4. With the governments aid, tho

17、se _ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected 292.作状语时作状语时1）.分词的选取分词的选取：取决于分词与句子主语的关系：取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主动关系主动关系，用，用 doing 被动关系被动关系，用，用 done 例如：例如：Seen from the moon, the earth looks like a blue ball.Seeing nobody at home , he left.被动关系被动关系

18、主动关系主动关系30练习：练习：1. It rained heavily in the south,_serious flooding in several provinces. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause 2 _the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached3. _at my classmates faces, I r

19、ead the same excitement in their eyes.A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked314. (山东卷山东卷)Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a record US $57. 65 a barrel on April 4. A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching5. (浙江卷浙江卷)_ by a greater demand of vegetable

20、s, farmers have built more green houses. A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven 32 Grammar work 语法专练语法专练用所给动词的适当形式填空。用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Not _(know) his address, I couldnt go to see him yesterday.2. Look out for cars when _(cross) the street.3. Not _ (invite) to the party, Mary was great

21、ly hurt.knowingcrossinghaving been invited334. He dived into the water, _ (leave) only his face exposed.5. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door, _ (read) “Sorry to miss you; I will call later.”6. _ (take) a deep breath, they dived into the water.7. _ (close) the windows and the do

22、or, the students left the room.leavingreadingTakingHaving closed34 Grammar quiz 语法小测语法小测 1. When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing many similarities. A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having comparedC352. Whenever he was asked why he wa

23、s late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _ the same thing. A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said A363. There are hundreds of visitors _ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings. A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait C374. _ , the more expensive the camera, the better its qua