句子成分分析精讲

1、句子成分分析1.主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history.（数词）Seeing is believi ng.（动名词）To see is to believe.（不定式）What he needs is a book.（主语从句）It is very clear that the ele phant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）The teac

2、her with two of his stude nts is walki ng into the classroom.There is an old man coming here.The useful dict ionary was give n by my mother last year.To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.2.Be动词：系动词：谓语（Predicate）:放在主语的后面。Be动词/系动词/情态动词/助动词/行为动词is/am/are/was/were起

3、来），remain （保持，仍是） 情态动词 助动词：be, sou nd （听起来），look （看起来），feel（摸起来），smell （闻起来），taste （尝、吃 ,feel （感觉）,become, turn , get , grow :can/could/may/might/should/shall/must/ +do没有人称和数的变化do/does/did动宾，介宾I like Ch ina.（名词）3.宾语：A. 动宾He hates you.（代词）How many do you n eed? We n eed two. （数词）I enjoy worki ng with

4、 you.（动名词）I hope to see you aga in.（不定式）Did you write dow n what he said?（宾语从句）B. 介宾Are you afraid of the sn ake?Un der the snow, there are many rocks.C. 双宾语的动词“七给”一 “带” to不少，“买”画“制作”for来了。1、“七给” （give, Pass, lend, write, show, send, hand）和“带”（bring）8 个及物动词，在直接宾语前置 时,必须在后面加上“ to”。即“ vt. + sth. + to

5、+ sb. ”2、 “ buy” （买）;“ draw” （画）;“ make” （制作）三个动词，在直接宾语前置时，则必须在后边加“for” 构成“ vt. + sth. + for + sb. ”。女口:Mother bought a new dress for me 。3、exp lai n,in troduce,deliver,等动词后必须跟介词to,不能进行直接宾语与间接宾语的转换。Could you explain your point of view to us?=Could you explain to us your point of view?4、易错的动词rob sb o

6、f sth / steal sth from sbaccuse sb of/ charge sb with sth 指责某人某事cure sb of illness 治愈某人疾病warn sb of警告某人某情况rid sb of sth从-中除去（不好的东西）cheat sb of sth骗取某人某物inform ab of sth通知某人某事remi nd sb of sth是某人想起某事supply sb with sth 供给某人某物provide sb with sth 给某人提供某物（系表）表示主语的性质、状态和特征。（名词）（数词）（形容词）（副词）（介词短语）（形容词化的分词）

7、（表语从句）4.表语（Predicative）:系动词之后的成分, He is a teacher.Five and five is ten.He is asleep.His father is in.The picture is on the wall.My watch is gone / miss ing / lost.The questi on is whether they will come.（前置定语和后置定语）5.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。? Yan li ng is a chemistry teacher.? He is our friend.? We bel

8、o ng to the third world.? He was advised to teach the lazy boy a less on.? The man over there is my old friend.? The woma n with a baby in her arms is my sister.? The boys p lay ing football are in Class 2.? The trees plan ted last year are grow ing well now.? I have an idea to do it well.? You shou

9、ld do everythi ng that I do.? ? ? ? 挑出下列句中的定语What is your give n n ame?On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.I am afraid some people forgot to swee p the floor.6.状语：用来修饰 方式和让步。The man dow nstairs was tryi ng to slee p.v., adj., adv.,句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、'I will go there tomorrow.' Th

10、e meeti ng will be held in the meeti ng room.' The meat went bad because of the hot weather.' He studies hard to learn En glish well.'He did n t study hard so that he failed in the exam.'I like some of you very much.'If you study hard, you will p ass the exam.' He goes to sch

11、ool by bike.' Though he is young, he can do it well.挑出下列句中的状语There was a big smile on her face.Every ni ght he heard the no ise up stairs.He bega n to lear n En glish whe n he was eleve n.'''? The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。动词+宾语+宾补能带宾语补足语的一定是及物动词

12、，分为几类：感官动词： see, notice, watch, feel, hear, smell 等 +do/doing(宾补) I hear them sing a song.I hear them singing a song.I hear a song sung.使役动词： make, let, have, get 等7.1)2)let sb sth无被动make sb do make sb/sth donehave sb do have sb doing have sb doneget sb to do sth get sb/sth done3) 含命名意义的动词：name, cal

13、l, appoint, make, considerCall me Joe, p lease.They have selected/made me chairma n.4) keep/find/宾补比较灵活5) 下面动词跟的宾补往往是 to do. advise/allow/permit/ask/beg/tell/wa nt/p ersuade/wish/warn总结：to do 做宾补表示要去做的动作ing做宾补表示正在进行的或是延续的动作 ed做宾补表示被动的动作We elected him mon itor.We all thi nk it a pity that she did nWe

14、 will make them happy.We found no body in.PI ease make yourself at home.Don t let him do that.t come here.His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a less on. Don t kee p the lights bur ning.I ' ll have my bike rep aired.挑出下列句中的宾语补足语She likes the childre n to read n ews papers and books in th

15、e readi ng-room.He asked her to take the boy out of school.She found it difficult to do the work.They call me Lily sometimes.I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.Did you see Li Ming p lay ing football on the p laygro und just now?同位语：对句子中某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面的名词在语法上处于同等地位的句8.子成分叫同位语。Mr Lin, our headmaster , is

16、 giv ing us a sp eech. Beijing , cap ital of China , is deve loping fast. The engin eer himself rep aired it .We all got an gry.We two will go to see you .The n ews that he will come is true.练习：Give me_ a cup of tea ,pl ease.The boy there n eeds a pen./His father n amed him Dongming.We found everyth

17、 ing in the lab in good order.The boy n eeds very much the pen bought by his mother.The boy really n eeds a pen.Show this house to Mr.Smith.The war made him a soldier.There are five boys leftI often find him at workI saw a cat running across the road.He sits there, ask ing for a pen.The boy in blue

18、is TomThey pain ted their boat white.Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen.We all_ are stude nts.We saw her entering the room.The boy reading n eeds the pen which you bought yesterday./1. The students got on the school bus.2. He han ded me the n ews paper.3. I shall an swer your questi

19、on after class.4. What a beautiful Ch in ese pain ti ng!5. They went hun ti ng together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an America n film toni ght.9. He is to leave for Sha nghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to

20、 become a scie ntist.11. He man aged to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest, your pronunciation is not sogood.16. Would you pl ease tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a

21、 newspaper.18. J! is our duty to kee p our classroom clean and tidy.19. He no ticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.Most Saturday evenings there is a p arty, even at harvest time. These p arties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! America

22、ns eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the p arty .In your letter you asked about the time in differe nt areas of the States. There are five differe nt time areas in the States. In my state we are fourtee n hours beh ind Beiji ng time. How many differe nt time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and