英语四级翻译小结

1、英语四级考试翻译 四级考试中的翻译，共5个小题，且只有5分钟，放在考试最后一项，好在多数只翻译句子的后半部分，虽然时间紧迫，但只要能把握以下几步，相信不难做到既快且准。我们以09年六月和十二月的翻译题来详细了解。 (2009.06 1. Soon after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had _ (很难跟上班里的同学 in math and English. 2. If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary _ (就不会被大雨淋了. 3. It is said that tho

2、se who are stressed or working overtime are _ (更有可能增加体重. 4. _ (很多人所没有意识到的 is that Simon is a lover of sports, and football in particular. 5. The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is _ (与缺乏锻炼密切相关. (2009.12 6. You would have failed if you _ (按照我的指令去做. 7. Despite the hardship he e

3、ncountered, Mark never _ (放弃对知识的追求. 8. Scientists agree that it will be a long time _ (我们找到治愈癌症的方法. 9. Production has to be increased considerably to _ (与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步. 10. The more exercise you take, _ (你越不大可能得感冒. 解题思路： 首先，第一眼要从整体上把握句子的结构，做到心中有数。五个句子不是很长，通常为简短的主从复合句，或是借助特殊词汇构成的简单句或并列句。例如上面的十个句子（1）

4、（5）（8）为宾语从句，（2）（6）为条件状语从句，（3）为主语从句，（4）为表语从句，（10）是并列句，（7）（9）是简单句等等。 其次，句子结构只是第一眼印象，翻译的要旨在于把需要翻译的部分与其余部分衔接起来。这种衔接通常借助于固定的句式结构，或者短语，更或者词的衔接。比如，在上面的十个句子中： 借助固定短语的句子有：（1）中的“很难跟上”，就是常用固定短语have difficulty doing something，（3）中的“更有可能”，be more likely to do something，（5）中的“与密切相关”，be closely related to somethin

5、g，（9）中的“与保持同步”，keep step with something。 借助某种句式结构的有：（2）中If sb. had returned, Mary _.（6）中的You would have , if . 虚拟语气句式，需要翻译时考虑到虚拟语气的结构。其他常用的句式还有，（8）Scientists agree that it will be a long time _. 中的“需要好久才能”a long time before something is done.以及（10）的The more exercise you take, _. 中的The more, the more

6、句式。 大多数翻译并不是单纯考察句式或短语，更多是两者 相结合的复杂句子。如（1）中的短语have difficulty doing 与短语catch up with相结合，（6）中的对过去的虚拟句式和短语follow ones instructions相结合，（10）中的句式The more,the more与短语be unlikely to do something相结合。可以说，翻译的80%以上都是在考察对固定短语和固定句式的掌握程度，想在翻译中快而准确的得分，必须在学习中强调对句式和短语的记忆与运用。 第三，翻译多是考察对英语语法词汇及语感的综合能力。在正确理解句式的前提下，找到最完美

7、匹配的短语或词汇固然让人欣慰，但如果实在词穷，不妨用另一种与之相近的短语或词汇来解决问题。（1）中的“跟上”，短语catch up with, keep pace/step with都很合适，但是最简单的单词follow也能应急。（5）中的“与密切相关”，常用短语有be closely related to，替换短语还有be closely connected/linked to。当然，这里强调的这点，只是考试中的应急，最佳答案还是来自同学们在日常学习中日积月累形成的知识库，只有熟练掌握，一些固定的无可替代的句式如The more ,the more才能毫无二致的书写出来。 最后，需要指出的是

8、，在匆忙中的翻译，除了考虑句式特点，短语搭配，还要在检查时注意时态与人称是否与整个句子搭配，这需要在日常学习中养成认真细心的良好习惯。试想，一个句式正确词汇短语无误的翻译，因为某个时态的小小毛病而使努力大打折扣，这是每个人不希望的。 2009年六月和十二月翻译题答案： (2009.06 1. (很难跟上班里的同学 (difficulty catching up with his classmates 2. (就不会被大雨淋了. (wouldnt have been caught in the rain 3. (更有可能增加体重. (more likely to put on weight 4.

9、 (很多人所没有意识到的 (What many people havent realized 5. (与缺乏锻炼密切相关. (closely related to the lack of exercise (2009.12 6. (按照我的指令去做. (had followed my instructions 7. (放弃对知识的追求. (abandoned the pursuit of knowledge/gave up pursuing knowledge 8. (我们找到治愈癌症的方法. (before we find the cure for cancer 或 before we fi

10、nd the methods of curing cancer 9. (与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步. (keep up with the constantly growing needs of consumers 或 keep pace with the constantly increasing demands of consumers 10. (你越不大可能得感冒. (the less likely you are to catch a cold 2010年六月和十二月翻译与答案： (2010.6 87. Because of the noise outside, Nancy had

11、great difficulty _ (集中注意力在实验上. 88. The manager never laughed; neither _ (她也从来没有发过脾气. 89. We look forward to _ (被邀请出席开幕式. 90. It is suggested that the air conditioner _ (要安装在窗户旁. 91. The 16-year-old girl decided to travel abroad on her own despite _ (她父母的强烈发对. 答案：（来自沪江英语） 87. (in concentrating on the

12、 experiment/ focusing her attention on the experiment. 88. did she become angry/did she lose her temper before. 89. being invited to attend the opening ceremony. 90. (should be fixed/installed by the window 91. the strong opposition of her parents/ her parents strong opposition. (2010.12 87._(为了确保他参

13、加会议，I called him up in advance. 88.The significant museum_(据说建成于about a hundred years ago. 89.There would be no life on earth _ (没有地球独特的环境。 90._(给游客印象最深的was the friendliness and warmth of the local people. 91.They requested that _ (我借的书还回图书馆 by next Friday. 答案：（来自沪江英语） 87. In order to ensure him to

14、attend the meeting/To ensure his attendance at the meeting 88is said to have been built 89without its unique environment/but for its unique environment 90What impressed the tourists most/The tourists deepest impression 91the books I borrowed (should be returned to the library/I (should return the bo

15、oks I borrowed to the library 模拟翻译练习及详解： 练习一： 1.I have had great deal of trouble_.（跟得上班上的其他同学）. 2.I dont mind your_（你延期做出决定） the decision as long as it is not too late. 3.In the Chinese household，grandparents and other relatives_（起着不可缺少的作用） in raising children. 4.Mark often_（试图逃脱罚款） whenever he brea

16、ks traffic regulations. 5.When I _（发现他骗我） I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop. 6.I suggested he _ （使自己适应） his new conditions. 7. What a lovely party！ Its worth_（牢记一生）. 8. If you wont agree to our plan，_（他们也不会同意）. 9. His remarks left me _（想知道他的真实目的）. 10. If you had_ （听

17、从了我的劝告，你就不会陷入麻烦）. 练习一答案： 1. keeping up with the rest of the class. 考察短语：have difficulty doing something.表示“做某事有困难”，重点是动词的ing形式，这里的trouble也可以用difficulty代替。 2. delaying making. 考察特殊动词mind，及物动词，后面通常接名词、代词、V-ing形式、复合结构、从句等。delay后接动词时，应该接V-ing形式。 3. play indispensable roles. 考察短语play a p art/role in“起着作用

18、，饰演的角色”。Indispensable意为“不可缺少的”，意思较为单一，替换词可以考虑essential, vital。 4. attempts to escape being fined. 考察短语attempt to do something，注意时态为一般现在时。escape后面要接动名词形式，常与介词from搭配，如He has escaped from the fire. 5. caught /found him cheating me. 考察句型find/catch+sb. +doing，意为发现或逮住某人正在做什么，如I found him standing by the r

19、iver. 6. should adapt himself to. 考察虚拟句式，suggest作”建议“时，其宾语从句中要用“suggest that sb.（should）do sth.”结构，类似动词还有：insist，demand，order，ask，advise 等。短语adapt oneself to “使自己适应或习惯于”。 7. remembering all my life. 考察短语be worth doing/值得做某事。 8. neither will they. 考察承前否定句式，neither表示“两者都不”，句子要部分倒装。如：If you wont go，nei

20、ther will I. 9. wondering about his real purpose. 考察特殊短语leave sb doing，使处于某种状态。其他用法还有leave sb. in，比如，His words left me in total darkness. 他的话让我如坠五里雾中。 10. followed my advice，you would not have been in trouble. 考察过去时态的虚拟语气： 从句：if + 主语+ 动词的过去分词 主句：主语+ would （should， could ， might） + have +过去分词 这个句子没有时

21、间标志，也可以理解为混合虚拟，翻译为：If you had followed my advice, you wouldnt be in trouble now.如果你早听了我的建议，现在就不会陷入麻烦了。 练习二： 1.（这个计划成功的关键）_ is good planning. 2. The specific use of leisure _（每一人都不同）. 3. The ships generator broke down and the pumps _（不得不用手工操作） instead of mechanically. 4. Although punctual himself，the

22、 professor was quite used _（习惯了学生迟到） his lecture. 5. I prefer to communicate with my customers _（通过写电子邮件而不是打电话）. 6. After the terrorist attack， tourists _ （被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游）. 7.（他把自己奉献于社区工作） _ and is passionate about what he is doing. 8. Man should not exploit the natural resources _ （以牺牲其他物种为代价）. 9. Wh

23、en Sandy recovered from cancer， her doctor _ （把此归因于她对未来的信念）. 10. At the end of his speech， the school master encouraged the children to work hard _ （不要让父母失望）. 练习二答案： 1. The key to the success of this project. 考察单词key+to的用法，介词to后面加名词或动名词，翻译为“的答案，的关键”。 2. varies from individual to individual. 考察不及物动词

24、vary 的用法，搭配为：vary + from to 表示各不相同。 3. had to be operated manually. 考察短语have to，通常指由于客观原因而不得不做某事，意思为“不得不”。手工的翻译还有by hand，这里用了副词manually，是与后面的副词mechanically构成并列。 4. to students being late for. 考察句式be used to+doing/n.，表示习惯于做某事；短语“迟到”，习惯用be late for sth.。 5. via E-mail instead of telephone. 考察短语Instead

25、 of，意思是“代替”、“而不”，后面常跟名词、代词和动名词，偶尔也跟复合结构。介词via的替换词还有with或through。 6. were advised not to travel to that country at the moment超级单词advise 一般用法： advise sb. to do; advise doing 特殊注意： 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：advise that sb. （should） do的形式。 7. he devoted himself to the community超级短语be devoted to 有两个含义：A.专心致志于，献身于;

26、B.热爱，很喜欢。作为动词的devote常用下列成语类的搭配：devote oneself/ones life to sth/doing sth. 8. at the cost of sacrificing/loss of other species超级短语at the cost of（以为代价），其含义和用法与at the expense of相同。另at all costs意为“不惜一切代价”。 9. attributed it to her firm belief in the future超级短语“attributeto”，“把归因于”是大学英语四级考查率极高的一个语言点。 10. a

27、nd not to let their parents down超级短语letdown（使失望），形容词表示失望有disappointed. 练习三： 1. In the budget for this building, they failed to _（考虑价格增长的因素）. 2. Only after I slapped him on the back _（他才发现我并高兴得叫起来）. 3. I didn t even speak to him，_（更不用说与他讨论事情）. 4. Some young people would rather try hard themselves to

28、go through life than _（求助于他们的父母）with a sense of guilt. 5. The victim _（本来有机会活下来）if he had been taken to hospital in time. 6. Animal experiments will continue to be necessary to resolve existing medical problems _（尽管一些人公开反对）. 7. Professor Clark was a bit strict with us，_（但我们确实从他那里学到了很多）. 8. The more

29、you explain，_（我愈糊涂）. 9. He has done so much for the poor in his community that _（再怎么赞扬他都不过分）. 10. Since my childhood I have found that _（没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力） 练习三答案： 1. consider/take into account the factor of increasing price. 考察短语take sth. into account，考虑在内；同义词为consider，后面直接加名词。Consider的用法还有 “take sth.

30、i nto consideration”。 2. did he notice me and shouted with happiness. 考察倒装句式only , did he ，这是only引起的半倒装句，only+强调内容+助动词+主语+谓语+其它。 3. let alone discuss with him. 考察短语let alone，用作连词，译为“更不用说了”，比如：I didnt know him, let alone talked with him. 4. turn to their parents for help. 考察短语turn to sb. for help，意为求

31、助于人。 5. would have survived. 考察对过去时态的虚拟句式，从句用过去完成时，而主句中则用“情态动词+现在完成时”，即would/ could/ should/ might have done，survive的替换动词在这里可以是live。 6. even though some people object to/are against it openly. 考察让步状语，引导词可以是although，though或者是even though；此外短语反对为object to/be against+sth.。 7. but we did learn a lot from

32、 him. 考察动词谓语的强调句式。谓语动词强调式常用助动词do（过去时did，第三人称单数does）+动词原形构成。 8. the more I am confused. 考察特殊句式the more, the more，后面句型为主谓结构，常表示“越就越”，是一个复合句。 9. you cant praise him enough. 考察特殊双重否定句式，“主语+cannot + enough”，形式上是否定句型，实际上表达的是肯定意义，意思是“再也不过分；越越”。比如：I can never thank you enough. 我非常感谢你。 10. nothing is more at

33、tractive to me than reading. 考察短语“Nothing is morethan”和“Nothing is soas”，都具有最高级比较的意思，指“没有比更”.这个句子还可以翻译成：nothing appeals to me more than reading. 练习四： 1. Though a skilled worker，_（他被公司解雇了）last week because of the economic crisis. 2. He was disabled from birth, but he never felt frustrated，_（也从未屈服于任何困

34、难）. 3. The little boy next door has been beating his drum for a whole morning, which got on my nerves so much _（以至于我无法集中注意力学习）. 4. The scientist tried to convince us that a tiger would not attack us _（除非它走途无路）. 5. The nations population continues to rise _（以每年 1200 万人的速度）. 6.（如果你设法与Smith先生取得联系）_ , the problem will be solved easily because he is an expert in this field. 7. The problem lies in how people look at those students _（专心追求知识的）. 8. On Childrens Day, kids _（有资格免费进入）to all the city parks. 9. The restaurant next door serves good