测量平差技术报告

1、测量平差课程设计实习报告姓名：邹建鑫学号： 631101040124班级：测绘2011级1班指导老师：曹智翔2013/7/4控制网概况及测量数据的整理和检验我们的测区包括学校的德园小区、 A01教学楼、B01教学楼、食堂和 学生活动中心，控制点基本都在学校的公路边上， 测区整体来说比较 平整，自南向北整体是一个上升的缓坡的区域， 在测区中主要是楼房 和绿化带，在整个外业过程中基本都是 35度以上高温天气。在测区 中已知两个控制点（B,C）的坐标，其标石保存完好。（一）、光电测距导线的主要技术要求：等级闭合或符 合导线全 长（km）平均边长（m）测距中误 差（mrm测角中误 差（）全长相对 闭合

2、差二级2. 4200< ±15< ±8<1/100001、测距中误差计算：测距单位权中误差：p d d2ns-单位权中误差;d 各边往、返测距离较差；ns 测距的边数；Pi 各边距离测量的先验权；1Pi sisi 测距先验中误差，根据测距仪的标称精度估算。任一边的实测距离中误差估值：m0 、口:Pi注：索佳SET51睚站仪测距标称精度为士（ 2+2PPM,因距离 较短，影响测距精度的主要是固定误差，故可以认为各边为等精度观 测，即可取Pi均为1,求出的单位权中误差可视为各边的测距中误差。2、测角中误差的计算:1 f fm N nf 符合导线或闭合导线环的方

3、位角闭合差;n 计算f时的测站数；Nf的个数。如控制为单一的闭合或符合导线，N为1。（二）、水准测量的主要技术要求：等级每千米高差 全中误差 （mim闭合差（mim往返各一次二等<±2<4口平差前计算每千米水准测量高差全中误差:MwM w高差全中误差mm；W 闭合差；L 计算 W寸，相应的路线长度（KM；N 符合路线或闭合路线环的个数。若进行往返观测，计算每千米水准测量的高差偶然中误差:Md J-14n LM d高差偶然中误差（mm）;水准路线往、返高差不符值（mm）L水准路线的测段长度；n往、返测的水准路线测段数。（二等要求Md 1mm）卜图为控制网简图测量数据如下：角

4、度（° '"）/BCD=166 29 50, / CDE=167 2 17, / DEF=85 40 22/EFG=156 24 37, / FGH=144 6 21, /GHI=152 14 32/HIA=195 56 9, / IAB=101 26 16, / ABC=90 39 36 /DECH5=100 41 43 /ECH5CH4=82 24 9 / CH5CH4CH3=164 0 0 ZCH4CH3CH2=164> 13, / CH3CH2CH1 = 17t4 10, Z CH2CH1B=893 0/CH1BC=99 27 Z / BCD=193

5、30 10, / CDE=192 57 44距离（mCD=170.617 ECH5=136.333DE=161.181 CH5CH4=171.754EF=108.361 CH4CH3=189.328FG=111.698 CH3CH2=121.741GH=124.967 CH2CH1=218.272HI=151.589 CH1B=88.261IA=174.935AB=161.473BC=263.584水准测量数据记录测站目标点前视读数后视读数1A1.192-0.562B1.7541.80221.435C0.3673.38332.96D0.4232.83742.072E0.7651.92551.3

6、36F0.5590.7496-0.187G0.9360.0807-3.756H-3.6760.3188-2.576I2.8941.0679-0.719A1.786表格二测站目标点前视读数后视读数高程1E1.6980.471CH51.2180.8412-4.86CH45.7011.0643-0.356CH31.4261.0744-0.907CH21.9810.8685-1.2260.423CH1-2.0941.396B0.973水准网、导线网的条件平差及间接平差（一）水准网条件平差如图为路线号已知 B,C 两点高程 Hb =385.2968、He =386.7212系数矩阵11111111000

7、000 A01100000111111常数阵1=-7.6-1.4协因数阵Q为单位阵所以T 82Naa= A * Q* A = 2 8所以联系数 k1=0.967; k2=-0.067所以 V=Q*A*K=-0.9667 -0.9000 -0.9000 -0.9667 -0.9667 -0.9667 -0.9667 -0.9667 0.0667 0.06670.0667 0.0667 0.0667 0.0667 T mm- 0.96672.959- 0.90002.071- 0.90001.335- 0.96670.188- 0.96673.757- 0.96672.577T- 0.96670.

8、720V Q * AT * K；所以 h- 0.96670.5630.06670.4710.06674.8600.06670.3560.06670.9070.06671.2260.06670.423水 准网间接平差设 D F、G H I、A CH5 CH4 CH3 CH2 CH1 点高程 X1、X2、X3、X4、X5、X6、 123456X 7 、 X 8 、 X 9 、 X 10 、 X 11 、 X 12 作为参数X x H Ch1110000000001-1000X x H Ch1h222X x H Ch1h2h333X x H Ch1h2 h3h444X x H Bh6h7h855X

9、x H Bh7h866X x H Bh877X x H Ch1h2h988X x H C h1h2h9h1099X x H Bh12h13 h141010X x H Ch13h141111X x H C h141212所以得到误差方程，其系数矩阵10000000-110000000-110000000-110000000-110000000-110000000-110B000000-100-10000010000000-10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100-11 00 -110010000000000000000常数矩阵0.440

10、0l 0000 -7.6 0 0 0 0 0 1.4 0 0 0T权阵P为单位阵所以N BBBT * P * B2 -1 0 0 -1 3 -1 00 -1 2 -1 0 0 -1 20 0 0 -1 0000 00000 -1 0 0 0000 0000 0000 000000000 0 0 -1 0000-1 0 0 02 -1 0 0-1 2 -1 00 -1 2 000020 0 0 -10000000000000000000000000000000000000000-1 0 0 02 -1 0 0-1 2 -1 00 -1 2 -10 0 -1 2所以BT * P*l 0 0 0 7

11、.6 -7.6 0 0 0 -1.4 1.4 0 0 T所以0.62000.62000.62001.24001.06002.30001.06003.3600- 14.1400- 3.18001.0600A1-2.1200A1.0600x Nbb 1 * WV B * x l- 1.06001.06000.8000- 0.44000.3600- 0.44001.32002.36000.8800- 0.44000.4400- 0.4400-1.0960- 2.00300.8790- 4.42700.0660L LV- 0.4880- 0.81300.85200.56000.71902.58203.

12、76600.19503.1110NBB0.8000 0.6000 0.5000 0.4000 0.3000 0.2000 0.1000 0.5000 0.4000 0.3000 0.2000 0.10000.6000 1.2000 1.0000 0.8000 0.6000 0.4000 0.2000 1.0000 0.8000 0.6000 0.4000 0.20000.5000 1.0000 1.6667 1.3333 1.0000 0.6667 0.3333 0.8333 0.6667 0.5000 0.3333 0.16670.4000 0.80001.33331.8667 1.4000

13、 0.9333 0.4667 0.6667 0.53330.40000.2667 0.13330.3000 0.60001.00001.4000 1.8000 1.2000 0.6000 0.5000 0.40000.30000.2000 0.10000.2000 0.40000.66670.9333 1.2000 1.4667 0.7333 0.3333 0.26670.20000.1333 0.06670.1000 0.20000.33330.4667 0.6000 0.7333 0.8667 0.1667 0.13330.10000.0667 0.03330.5000 1.0000 0.

14、8333 0.6667 0.5000 0.3333 0.1667 1.6667 1.3333 1.0000 0.6667 0.33330.4000 0.80000.66670.5333 0.4000 0.2667 0.1333 1.3333 1.86671.40000.9333 0.46670.3000 0.60000.50000.4000 0.3000 0.2000 0.1000 1.0000 1.40001.80001.2000 0.60000.2000 0.40000.33330.2667 0.2000 0.1333 0.0667 0.6667 0.93331.20001.4667 0.

15、73330.1000 0.20000.16670.1333 0.1000 0.0667 0.0333 0.3333 0.46670.60000.7333 0.8667各点高程中误差：D卜4.3106CH 1卜4.7949E卜4.0285L卜5.2008CH 5卜5.8146M卜7.3546CH 4卜6.5785N卜9.0080CH 3卜6.6805O卜10.4015CH 26.1536P11.6293导 线网条件平差卜表为各点的近似坐标，各边的方位角、方位角的正余弦及各边的长度第一个闭合环点 号观测角改正角方位角距离cos a改正后之增量坐标值AxAyB17 43 52sin a+-+-xyC

16、166 29 50031 14 2170.6170.8551145.9388.47153384.691039397.0260D167 2 1700.518553530.62139485.53044 11 45161.1810.7170115.604112.361E85 40 2200.697153646.22439597.925138 31 23108.361-0.749281.22971.77F156 24 3700.662353565.08039669.728162 6 46111.698-0.9517106.34234.307G144 6 2100.307153458.82439704.

17、069198 0 25124.967-0.9510118.88938.631H152 14 320-0.309153340.02139665.466225 45 53151.589-0.6976105.749108.611I195 56 90-0.716553234.31439556.888209 49 44174.935-0.8675151.75987.015A101 26 160-0.497453082.59839469.906288 23 28161.4730.315550.945153.226B90 39 360-0.948953133.58639316.71317 43 52263.

18、5840.9525251.06380.275C166 29 5000.304653384.691039397.0260第二个闭合环点 号观测角改正角方位角距离cos a改正后之增量坐标值A xAyB17 43 52sin a+-+-xyC193 30 831 14 0170.6170.8551145.88888.46953384.691039397.0260D192 57 420.518553530.56839485.52044 11 42161.1810.7170115.562112.360E100 41 420.697153646.11939597.905324 53 24136.3330

19、.8180111.52778.412CH582 24 8-0.575153757.63539519.518227 17 32171.754-0.6783116.494126.209CH4164 59 58-0.734853641.13039393.334211 17 30189.328-0.8545161.78798.336CH3164 32 13-0.519453479.33239295.023195 49 43121.741-0.9621117.12533.206CH2172 44 9-0.272853362.19639261.842188 33 52218.272-0.9888215.8

20、3832.505CH189 42 59-0.148953146.34739229.36298 16 5188.258-0.144012.71187.338B99 27 10.989653133.62539316.72517 43 52263.60.9525251.07880.279C193 30 100.304653384.691039397.0260因为n=32, t=24，故r=8 ,可列出八个条件方程，其系数矩阵 A为8*32的矩阵A=000000Q0QQ0000D01.0000000000000000000D1.00000000cC00000d00031. 00031.0040.000

21、0L00<10000aQ0000Q0000300dQ.9LIS0. t19Tl«.M230.J071-0. 3091-0.7155-0.4974-0, H89000003Dn)757；，5Q. M5LD. 1170-0. 74917 617-0. 9510-0. 6376So75Q. 3155a00Q0QDQ.4ZI10. ST4LIT】0.5135o. e0?i000000-0,575：-O.34«-0,5164-0.2728-0L 1180d »89CD0QU0. 8转 LC0Qa00必SI to一配骑船-0.35-35-0,我W1-Q. 9888-a

22、1MJQ0Q0接上表QQI. aooo 0 -0.3K41. 48S6001. UOQO0C. 2J6fi1. 301400Q LfiOK0 Q. 72S0 0.7750 0 0口 g1. 00DO01.4640. 353J0QI. M口00I. 2174-OL 3191Q fl 0 ).0000J.0OE30,5939c- c cl.OOOl c cL.2-13S-0.017S01. 000 D D D0. 4589-0, 49450 Q a 1.00000.101-0,1554L.OOOl c a1«155E -0,312?Q Q 0 1.00001, 2172-0,3093Q

23、0 0L jyuu o 0 0 0L OJQOL.03001.0000 Q Q1.0000 0 01.26740.5739改正数依次为VS12、VS13、VS14、Vb7、Vb8、Vb9、Vb10、Vb11、Vb12、Vb13、Vb14Vb15、Vb16、Vb17、Vb18常数矩阵为10 0 11-99-83-22 10协因数阵Q=oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooOooQooooooooooooQooooooQoooooooooooooo

24、ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooOoooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo<=>ooooooooooooooooOooooooooooooooooooo

25、ooooooooooooo1 Ioooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooocooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo9oOooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo接上00Q0Q0Q00000aQ000000000000a0Q0QQ0qQQ0Q0Q0Q0000000000000000c00000000D00000000000000G0000000000000a0000000000000000Q0Q0QQ0Q0Qa0000Q00000000090000000000000Q00000

26、000000000000a00000000000000000000000a0000000000000a000000000Q0009000c0000000000000aa0Q00000Q901. 0000000000000000001. 0000Q00Q00000Q00001. oooo00000000000000l.OODO000000000000001, 0000000a000000Qa01.00Q0000000a000c0001.000000000a000000001. oooo000000000000001.0000000a00000000001. 000000a000000000001

27、. 口 0。00000000000a00l. 000000000a0Q000000uaoco00Qc000000000Q1, 00002.000001.00001.0000- 1.26790.9714-1.26740.973902.00001.00001.0000- 0.70750.4291- 0.70720.42901.00001.00009.000000.41826.251600T1.00001.000009.000000- 3.0033- 0.3732Naa A* Q* AT-1.2679- 0.70750.4182011.8146- 0.24171.24191.56210.97140.

28、42916.25160- 0.241714.70361.56212.0762-1.2674- 0.70720- 3.00331.24191.562114.0958- 0.71490.97390.42900- 0.37321.56212.0762- 0.714911.4122所以可以组成法方程Naa*K W 0解得K11.59309.9676- 9.6768 -3.8910 11.5292 9.7110- 0.1078 -5.7190所以计算的改正数V15.9279 17.44630.3904- 6.3683- 15.9943- 22.7914- 24.7688-12.7180- 6.2934

29、6.79886.7343 12.37830.6327- 9.6768- 3.6992- 3.2689- 6.92080.63525.45826.2549由此可计算的0.5776- 7.0923 - 3.6546 - 1.0133 - 0.15450.6332- 1.7957- 3.89103.69922.26899.358310.6399Tmm1111111VVVS1S2S315.927917.44630.3904170.633m161.198m108.361mVS4- 6.3683111.692mVS5- 15.9943124.950mVS6- 22.7914151.568mVS7- 24.

30、7688174.911mVS8- 12.7180161.462mVS9- 6.2934136.328mVS 106.7988171.760mVS 119.3583189.338mVS 126.7343121.747mVS 1312.3783218.284mVS 140.632788.259mVb1- 9.676890 39'26"Vb2- 3.6992A166 29'46"mmL L VVb3- 3.2689167 2'14"Vb4- 6.920885 40'15"Vb50.6352156 24'38"V

31、b65.4582144 6'26"Vb76.2549152 14'38"Vb810.6399195 5619"Vb90.5776101 26'17"Vb 10- 7.0923100 41'36"Vb 11- 3.654682 24'6"Vb 12- 1.0133163 59'59"Vb 13- 0.1545164 32'13"Vb 140.6332172 44'11"Vb 15- 1.795789 42'58"Vb 16-

32、3.891099 26'58"Vb 173.6992193 30'14"Vb 182.2689192 57'46"（四）导线网间接平差（四）导线网间接平差坐标方位角改正数方程的系数计算表（第一个闭合环）点号近似坐标近似边长S° （mj）cossins-s0(mm)a ("/mm) "sinb ("/mm) "cosBxyS *1000S * 1000C53384.691039397.0260170.6710.85510.5185-540.6266-1.0334D53530.62139485.

33、530161.2350.71700.6971-540.8918-0.9172E53646.22439597.925108.351-0.74920.6623101.26081.4262F53565.08039669.728111.668-0.95170.3071300.56731.7579G53458.82439704.069124.917-0.9510-0.309150-0.51041.5703H53340.02139665.466151.536-0.6976-0.716553-0.97530.9495I53234.31439556.888174.882-0.8675-0.497453-0.5

34、8671.0232A53082.59839469.906161.4550.3155-0.948918-1.2123-0.4031B53133.58639316.713263.6360.95250.3046-520.2383-0.7452C53384.691039397.0260坐标方位角改正数方程的系数计算表(第二个闭合环)点号坐标值近似边长S° (mj)cossinS-S0 (mm)a ("/mm) ”sinb ("/mm) "cosBxyS *1000S *1000C53384.691039397.0260170.62030.85510.5185-3

35、0.6268-1.0337D53530.56839485.520161.19060.71700.6971-100.8920-0.9175E53646.11939597.905136.30970.8180-0.575123-0.8703-1.2378CH553757.63539519.518171.7435-0.6783-0.734811-0.88250.8146CH453641.13039393.334189.3242-0.8545-0.51944-0.56590.9310CH353479.33239295.023121.7449-0.9621-0.2728-4-0.46221.6300CH2

36、53362.19639261.842218.279-0.9888-0.1489-7-0.14070.9344CH153146.34739229.36288.28444-0.14400.9896-262.31210.3364B53133.62539316.725263.5950.95250.304650.2384-0.7453C53384.691039397.0260AA由题意，选取A、D、E、F、G H I、CH1、CH2CH3CH4 CH5 等12 个点坐标x ,y ,A AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAx ,y, x ,y, x ,y, x ,y, x ,y, x ,y, x ,y,DDEE

37、FFG GHH1ICH1 CH1AAAAAAAAx , y, x , y, x , y, x , y作为参数。CH 2 CH 2CH 3 CH 3CH 4 CH 4CH 5 CH 5根据以上数据结合以下公式列出了30个条件方程误差方程系数计算表一方向AyAxSA2xayaxbybCD-88.494-145.87729111.28762.702-115.80689.218-91.732DE-112.385-115,55125982.422-89.21891.73287.021123.799ECH578.387-111.51618580870.20961237.9897-870.21-1237.9

38、9CH5CH4126.184116.50529496.0015-882.402814.717882.402-814.717CH4CH398.311161.79835843.577-565.739931.081565.739-931.081CH3CH233.181117.13614821.845-461.7561630.098461.756-1630.1CH2CH132.48215.84947645.7218140.611934.441140.6105-934.441CH1B-87.36312.7227794.06466-2312.01-336.6797BC-80.301-251.0666948

39、4.96CD-88.504-145.9329128.5902626.713-1033.358DE-112.395-115.60325996.7252-891.772917.22525891.772-917.225EF-71.80381.14411739.9392-1261.54-1425.661261.5441425.661FG-34.341106.25612469.7422-568.043-1757.606568.0431757.606GH38.603118.80315604.2569510.2741-1570.398-510.2741570.398HI108.578105.70722963.1593975.2944-949.5059-975.294949.506IA86.982151.71630583.7139-586.6311023.215586.6306-1023.21A