【岗位说明书】【财务培训讲义】SAPFI讲义

1、Unit 1Basic settings 基础设置Unit Overview单元概述 Comp any code, business areas公司代码，业务范用 Fiscal Year会il年度 Currencies货币 Variant principle变式原则Unit Objectives 单元目标After completing this unit, you will be able to: Map the JccountihJ structure of your company using mySAP ERP Financials organizational units使用SAP财

2、务组织单元贵公司的闵1结构。 Explain the meaning of the terms “company code' and ''business area" and their differences 解释閘“公司代码”和“业务范nr的含义和它们的区别。 Create a company code创建一个公司代码。 Explain the use and advantages of the variant principle解释变式原则的用法和优点。 Explain the necessity and use of a fiscal year var

3、iant 解释会il 年度变式的必要性和用法。 Explain different types of fiscal year variants 解释不通类型的会il 年度变式。 Define a fiscal year variant according to your requirements 根据你的需求定义一个会讣年度变式。 Assign the fiscal year variant to a company code给公司代码分配一个会计年度变式。 Define currencieS in the mySAP ERP system给SAP系统立义I货币 Explain the mea

4、ning of diflfereiit 阪hinge 预e tfB崩 解释不同汇率类型的含义。 Maintain exchange rates 维护汇率。 Use the different tools for maintaining exchange rates 使用不痛的工具维护汇率。 Explain the options for maintaining exchange rates 解释维护汇率的各个选项.Lesson: Organizational Units 组织单元Lesson OverviewReflect the organizational units in account

5、ing with mySAP ERP Explain the terms client, company code, and business area 解释术语 Create company codes and business areas Copy company codes Make country-specific settings做国別设置，我们国家的特殊设置Lesson ObjectivesAfter completing this lesson, you will be able to: Map the accounting structure of your company u

6、sing mySAP ERP Financials organizational units使用SAP财务组织单元1贵公司的忍结构。 Explain the meaning of the terms .company code, and .business area. And their differences解释“公司代码”和“业务范用”的含义和它们的区别。 Create a company code创建一个公司代码。Business Example 业务例子Your client's company is a medium-sized enterprise based in the

7、 course country. The enterprise is a single legal entity.贵公司是一家中型国有公司。是独立的法律实体Comp any Code1000Client000Client001Client400Company Code3000Comp any Code2000mm Business Area 1000Company Code4000Business Area 2000Organizational Units in mySAP ERP FinancialsThe client is the highest level in the mySAP E

8、RP system hierarchy. |Specifications or data that is valid for all organizational units in mySAP ERP applications (such as exchange rates, forexample) are entered at the client level. Thisthe need to enter this information more than once. Each client is an independent unit with separate master recor

9、ds and a complete set of tables and data. Users must enter a client key and have a user master record in the client in order to log on to the system.集团代码是SAP系统中最高层次的组织单位。H卿或数据作为所有的在SAP集团层进入的应用的会计主体的根据。这就 Sgir重复输入这些信息。每个集团代码都是独立的单元，都有单独的数据记录和完整的数摇表设置。用户必须输入 一个客户端号和用户号才能登录系统訂企clicnl那层的数据设営对SAP中所冇的组织单元

10、都是仃效的，ClientjclicM是列 I无联系的，用户是建立在client里而的 用户不可以跨clicjImportant organizational units in Financials: Comp any Code (for cxicrnal 外部的 pu rposcs 目的)A com pany code rep resents 表现了 an independent balancing/legal accounting entity.代表一个独立的法窪的会il实体.谁对外出独立报农就设计成公司代码Company Code. An example would be a compan

11、y with independent accounts within a corporate group. Financial statements required by law can be created at company code level. Therefore, a company code is the minimum structure necessary in mySAP ERP Financials, In an international business, opcrations are often scaltcrcd分散 across numerous很多的 cou

12、ntries. Since most government and tax authorities require the registration 注册 of a legal cnMlv 实体 for every company, a separate comp any code is usually created per country.Business Area (for interna! purposes) Business areas represent separate areas of operation within an organization and can be us

13、ed across company codes. They are balancing entities that can create their own set of financial statements for internal purposcs. It is therefore possible to save and evaluate transaction figures for each business area. The use of business areas isoptional.To create a company code, copy an existing

14、company code using the "Copy Company Code" function. This copies the following data:DefinitionGlobal parametersCustomizing tablesGeneral ledger accounts (if desired)Account determinationAfter this, all you have to do is make the required changes to the new company code.Creati ng a Comp any

15、 CodeHint: The IMG suggests the following order: Copy. Delete, Check Company Code Edit Comp any Code DataCopy an existing company code. This has the advantage that you also copy the existing company code-spc&fic parameters. After copying. you can edit data in your new company code,You have to se

16、lect a four digit alphanumeric key as the company code key. This key identifies the company code and. for example, must be entered later when posting business transactions or creating company code-specific master data.Hint: The use of the copy function is optionaL You can also define the company cod

17、e and carry out the configuration yourself without using a reference company code. Defining a company code4 character company code keyCompany nameCityCountryCurrencyLanguageAddress Global ParametersChart of accountsFiscal yearCompany code defaultsComp any CodeThe objects in the activity Edit Comp an

18、y Code Data include the following:.Thcaddress data is required for correspondence and is recorded on evaluation reports. You must define a currency for each company code. Accounts are managed in the company code currency. All other currencies are interpreted as foreign. The system translates the amo

19、unts posted in a foreign currency into the com pany code currency. The currency defined in the comp any code is known in mySAP ERP Financials as local currency.You must enter a language key so that the system can create texts automatically in the correct language; for example, when issuing checks, T

20、hccountry key specifies which country is to be regarded as the home country. The system interprets all other countries as foreign. This is important for business or payment transactions, since different forms are required for foreign payment transactions. The system also sup ports different address

21、formats for foreign correspondcncc.When you define a business area, you only have to enter a four digit alphanumeric key and a short description.etc.etc.Country TemplatesIn the my SAP ERP standard system, comp any code 0001 is a template for a general company code with chart of accounts INT and no s

22、pecial country specifications.If you need a company code for a country that has a country template, you can use the country installation program to copy the country-spccific tables from the country template to company code OOOL Company code 0001 is then configured for the corresponding country. You

23、should then copy this company code into your new company code. You may then start the country installation program again to create a template for another country and so on.Hint: The country installation prograin not only creates a country-spccific company code template but also a country-spccific te

24、mplate for controlling areas, plants. purchasing organizations, sales organizations, credit control areas, financial management areas, and so on.Caution: Do not forget to copy the country template before you continue. Do not use company code 000! as your productive company code because the country v

25、ersion program always uses this company code as the target company code.Also, you should only run the country installation program in a new installation of mySAP ERP and not in an upgrade installation. This is because the structure of the country-spccific Customizing may have changed from one niySAP

26、 ERP release to another.Exercise 1: Organizational UnitsExercise ObjectivesAfter completing this exercise, you will be able to: Create a company codeBusiness Exam pieYour client's company is a medium sized enterprise based in the course country. The enterprise is a single legal entity.Task 1:Cre

27、ate a company code GR# that reflects your client's company. In the rest of this course, you will be working in this company code,1, Company code 1000 already contains all the necessary settings and data. Copy company code 1000 to your new company code GR#Also copy the general ledger accounts at

28、this point!2, Change the definition of your company code GR#:Company name: Group #Country: Course countryCurrency: Local currencyLanguage: Local languageYou can fill the other fields to meet your requirements.3 Review the global parameters that were copied for your company code when you created it.试

29、验中遇到的间题:需要创建request输入登录用户号新建requesK贞小白纸标出卜输入描述创建Task 2:Search the BRlenientati Guide （IMG） for all the settings that are relevant （fj关的）for the business area balance sheet 资产负债表|Hint （提示）：Use the binoculars匝乂眼flQ|icon to search for "Business area fin, statements'*.1, Look for all the settin

30、gs that are relevant for the .business area balance sheet.Task 3:True or false?1, You can assign a business area to a company code directly,Ddennme whether ihis statement is true or false. True FalseLess on: Variant P rinci pie 变式原则（为了消除数据 yongyu）Lesson OverviewYou get a theoretical insight using th

31、e variable principlc within the SAP system.Lesson ObjectivesAfter completing this lesson, you will be able to: Explain the use and advantages of the variant principleBusiness Exam pieYour customer has been informed by an experienced consultant顾问 that there is a principic in niySAP ERP that appears i

32、n several configuration tables配置表 and that simplifics简彳七 the system for himThe variant principle is a threestep method used in the SAP system to assign particular properties to one or more objects. The steps are:聊 1. Define the variantV 2. Determine values for the variant3 Assign the variant to the

33、objects The variant principle is used for Field status Posting periods Fiscal years字段装态记账期间会il年度Figure 6: The Variant PrincipieThe following example should explain this principle: Create a fiscal year variant Define the variant: K4 is your fiscal year variant, Dctcrminei!i(tM values for the variant

34、K4: Define the properties of fiscal year K4 Assign the variant to inySAP ERP objects: Assign K4 to various company codes that use this fiscal year. The main advantage for using variants is that it is easier to maintainproperties which arc common among several business objects.维护变式就可以维护它在儿个变量Less on:

35、 Fiscal YearLesson OverviewThis lesson explains how you define different fiscal year variants,Lesson ObjectivesAfter completing this lesson, you will be able to; Explain the necessity and use of a fiscal year variant Explain different types of fiscal year variants Define a fiscal year variant accord

36、ing to your requirements Assign the fiscal year variant to a company codeBusiness Exam pieThe company's fiscal year corresponds to the calendar year公历年.The Accounting Manager wants four special periods for postings for year-end closing,下一年的 123,4,月份The fiscal year can be defined as. Year indepen

37、dent4 The number and start and end dates for the periods are the same for every year Year-s pecific今 Periods can vary from year to yearThe Fiscal YearYear independent与年度无关会计期间的数量和开始结束的时间每一年都_样Year-specific 年度相关To assign business transactions to different periods, you have to define a fiscalyear with

38、 posting periods. You define the fiscal year as a variant that is assignedto the company code,The fiscal year variant contains the definition of posting periods会计期间 and specialPeriods特殊会计期间.Special periods are used for postings that are not assigned to timeperiods.特殊会计期间是没有分配时间段，but to the business

39、process of .year-end closing. In total, you can define 16 periods.The system derives获取the posting period from the posting dale系统可以通过记账的日期获得记账期间If the posting date falls within the last normal posting period, you can post the transaction in oneof the special periods.如果我们的记账期落在了最后一个正常的记账期间，你可以把它落在任何一个

40、特殊的记账 期间Example: The graphic shows a fisca】year with 12 posting periods and 4 specialperiods. If the posting date falls in the 12th period, you can post the transaction inone of the four special periods instead.Standard fiscal year variants are already defined in the system and you can usethem as te

41、rnplalcs.Hint: The fiscal year variant does not specify whether a pcriod is open orclosed.会计年度变式是不会定义它的那个期间是开着还是关着This data is managed in another tabic.这个数据是 另外张表控制的The fiscal year variant only defines the number of periods and their start and finish dales,会计年度变 式只定义期间数量和开始结束的时间。Calendar Year«

42、Fiscal YearExample of flsotl year that Is not aNov.Jan.01302calendar vearOct10S«pt. 3Dec.05May06Jun.1211Aug. 07Jul.MayMar.03My Apr.Dec.0103Aug.Nov. 04AprJun.02JtJi.Oct Sept.Beginning: April 1* 2004 End: March 31« 2005In which fiscal year and in which popting perk>d dees a posting made o

43、n January 15 2004 belong?This posting was made in posting period 5 of the previous nscal yearFigure 8: Year-lndependent Fiscal Year Variant 都属于年度无关的If each fiscal year of a fiscal year variant uses the same number of periods, and the posting periods always start and end on the same day of the year,

44、the variant is year-independent. A year-independent fiscal year variant can be defined as: Calendar year Non-calendar yearIf the fiscal year is defined as the calendar year, the posting periods are equal to the months of the year. Therefore, a fiscal year that is a calendar year must have 12 posting

45、 periods.If the fiscal year is defined as a noncalendar year, you have to define the posnng periods by assigning end dates to each period. A non-calcndar year can have between 1 and 16 posting periods. If (he noncalcndar year docs not start on January 1st, the periods of (he year that belong to the

46、former or (he coming fiscal year must have an indicator ! or +1.The example above on the right shows a non-calendar year with 6 posting periods which goes from April to March, The months January to March therefore still belong to the old fiscal year and have the indicator -1.If the fiscal year diffe

47、rs from the calendar year, but the posting periods correspond to calendar months, the day limit for February should be 29 to consider leap years.Fiscal years arc normally year-independent.阖年是年度无关的。系统分闰年平年Full years with different period start and end datesThe posting periods for the fiscal year corr

48、espond wtth the months of the calendar yearShortened Fiscal Year200a200b200e0104200c200d0106Figure 9: Year-Specific Fiscal Year Variants毎年记账期间开始和结束时间不一样，那么记账期间是年度相关的。A fiscal year variant has to be defined as j ear-specifie if one of the following conditions is fulfilled: The start and end dates of

49、the posting periods for some fiscal years are different to the dates for other fiscal years. Some fiscal years use a different number of posting periods.04 !05If all of the fiscal years of a fiscal year variant have the same number of posting periods, only the different period dates for the differen

50、t years have to be defined (see example on the left).If one year of a fiscal year variant has less posting periods than the others, it is called a shortened fiscal year (see example on the right). This could be required, for example, if closing has to be carried out before the end of the normal fisc

51、al year; (for example, if the beginning of the fiscal year should be changed or if the company was sold). You have to define the shortened fiscal year and its number of posling periods before you can define the period dales. For this year, you can only assign a lower number of posling periods.Less on: CurrenciesLesson OverviewThis lesson presents the