基础班语法同位语和同位语从句

1、基础班语法同位语和同位语从句同位语：一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。 1.由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构,其中前项与后项所指相同,句法功能也相同,后项是前项的同位语。 Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's. 2.如同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;如同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开。 He h

2、imself told me that his brother John is a world-famous doctor. Yesterday I talked to my English teacher, Mr. James. 3.同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外,还可以表示部分意义。 We Chinese people are brave and hardworking. He is interested in sports, especially ball games. 在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）

3、中的主要从句之一，也是中学英语学习中的重点语法知识点之一。在使用同位语从句时，应注意以下五个方面：一、同位语从句在句中的位置1. 一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词（如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等）的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。例如：The news _ encouraged us all greatly. 我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。2. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。例如：The thought came to her_. 她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上

4、。The story goes _. 据说他高考又落榜了。二、同位语从句前名词的数同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词（word除外）加以修饰。例如：Where did you get the idea that I could not come？ 你在哪儿听说我不能来？三、同位语从句连接词的选用1.同位语从句：that有些名词的后面可以接that(不用which)引导的同位语从句. 如果同位语从句意义完整,不缺少句子成分,常用that引导同位语从句advice，announcement，argument，belief，claim，conclusion，decision，evi

5、dence，explanation，fact，feeling，hope，idea，impression，information，knowledge，message，news，opinion，order，probability，promise，proposal，remark，reply，report，saying，statement，suggestion，thought，treat，warning，wish，word I've come from Mr Wang with a message _.我从王先生那边得知一个消息，他说他今天下午不能来看你了。Word came_. 消息传来，中

6、国于2003年10月15日首次成功发射了载人飞船。Give me your promise_. 答应我，你今天晚上要来参加我们的晚会。2. 同位语从句：whether 如果同位语从句表示"是否"含义时,常用whether (不用if)引导同位语从句。例如: He must answer the question _.他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。 whether可以引导同位语从句，而定语从句不能用whether作为引导词。He hasn't made the decision_. 他还没有做出决定是否去那里。I have small doubt_. 他是否适合这

7、件工作我有点怀疑。3. 同位语从句：what 可以引导同位语从句，而定语从句不能用what作为引导词I have no idea_. 我不知道他现在在干什么。4.同位语从句：how 可以引导同位语从句，而定语从句不能用how作为引导词It's a question_. 那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。5. 同位语从句：who，whom，which，when，where，why用来引导同位语从句The question _requires consideration. 谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。She raised the question_. 她提出这个问题：我们到哪儿去搞这笔资

8、金。四、同位语从句的语气。在suggestion，advice，request，order等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。例如：Our teacher gave us some advice_.老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。The government gave the order_. 政府下令三个星期内所有这些房子都要拆掉。五、同位语从句与定语从句的用法区别区别（1）同位语从句和先行词是同等的关系，而定语从句是用来修饰先行词，是从属的关系。区别（2）that在同位语从句中没有词义

9、，不充当句子成分；而在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等句子成分。The news that you heard is not true. (_从句)The news that he has died is true. (_从句)The fact that just now you talked about interests me. (_从句)The fact that he failed in the exam made his parents very angry. (_从句)区别（3）whether，what，how可以用来引导同位语从句；而它们不能用来引导定语从句。We have no in

10、formation whether he is alive. The problem whether it is right or wrong has not been decided yet. Next comes the question what step we should take.区别（4）1. 从词义角度看问题who，whom，which，when，where，why用来引导同位语从句是保持原来疑问词的含义；它们用来引导定语从句时，不具有疑问词的含义。He didn't give the answer why he was late. (_从句) This is the

11、house where he saw the thief. (_从句)Then rose a question where we should go. (_从句)The man who broke into the house last night was caught. (_从句)2. 从搭配角度看问题who，whom，which，when，where，why用来引导定语从句时对应性很强，如：先行词是“人”，引导词用“who”等，而它们引导同位语从句是先行词通常是“question，idea，doubt等”。I still remember the day when he was kille

12、d. (_从句)I have no idea when he was killed. (_从句)They didn't go to the town where they were born. (_从句)They didn't answer the question where they were born. (_从句)例1：I have no idea _ he will be back. A that B. when C. since D. as例2：I have no impression_ he went home，perhaps by bike. A. what B.

13、 where C. that D. how例3：Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.（NMET2001上海） A. while B. that C. when D. as It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information _ has been put forward. A. wh

14、at B. that C. when D. which例4：She heard a terrible noise，_ brought her heart into her mouth.（MET91）I cant stand the terrible noise _ she is crying loudly. A.it B.which C.this D.that5. Along with the letter was his promise_ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whether

15、6. A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. A. when B. where C. what D. that 7.There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need _. A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved

16、 C. where; improving D. when; improving 8. He teacher gave orders that the work_(finish)before 4 o'clock. 9. The suggestion that the new rule_ (adopt) came from the chairman. 10.We came to the decision_. 我们做出决定：我们必须立即行动。11.He made a proposal_. 他提议会议延期。12.There was little hope _.他幸存的希望很小。13.They

17、were all very much worried over the fact_. 对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。14.The question_ requires consideration. 谁该做这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。15.We haven't yet settled the question_. 我们还没有决定到什么地方去度暑假。16.We have some doubt_. 我们怀疑他们是否能准时完成任务。17.There is no doubt_. 我们相信张卫会守信的。名词性从句练习：A）用适当的连词填空。 1_ we"ll go camping tom

18、orrow depends on the weather 2_ he said at the meeting surprised us greatly 3It worried her a lot _ her wallet was lost 4Can you tell me _ that woman is？ 5I wonder _ we can do about the problem of pollution 6The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all 7I have not found my bike yet，in fact，I&qu

19、ot;m not sure _ I could have done with it 8Can you tell me _ exercise is the easiest？ 9I know nothing about her but _ she is from Canada 10The reason why he has been such a success is _ he never gives up 11The question he asked was _ the electrical equipment should be stored 12_ is troubling me is I

20、 don"t have any experience in this kind of work 13It has been found _ plastics can widely be used in industries 14_ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences between countries 15_ he enjoys are geography and English 16_ she couldn"t understand was fewer a

21、nd _ fewer students showed interest in her lessons 17Someone is ringing the doorbellGo and see _ it is 18I went to see you at about ten this morning，but you were not in the office     Oh，that was probably _ I was talking with the headmaster 19His ability has never been in doubtthe que

22、stion is _ he is prepared to work hard 20You have not yet answered my question regarding _ or not I can join in the party tonight B）把下列名词性从句变为简单句。 1It brought us a lot of trouble that so many visitors arrived at the same time 2He pretended that he did not know us 3I"m sorry that I"ve kept you waiting 4The problem is where we can get the new materials 5He insisted that we should first look into the matter before drawing a conclusion C）单句改错。 1It is suggested that the experiment will be made under low temperature 2Whom do you think will teach us