高三英语形容词性从句定语从句复合句考查的重点

1、高三英语形容词性从句定语从句复合句考查的重点定语从句是主要用来修饰它前面的先行词（名词或代词）的从句，所以又称形容词从句。根据与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。定语从句主要考查引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词；介词关系代词以及非限制性定语从句。具体考点如下：考点一：引导定语从句的引导词有关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose）和关系副词(as, when, where, why)等。但是当下列情况出现时，对引导词有特殊要求。1.指物只能用 that不用which 的情况1).当先行词是不定代词时,如:all, little, much

2、, none, one, everyone, something, anything, everything, nothing 等。2).当先行词被the only, the very, the same, little, few, no, 等修饰时。3).当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。4).在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中。5)当定语从句为there be 句型时，关系代词只能用that,也可以省略。This is the fastest train (that) there is to Beijing.6).当主句是以which 或 who 开头的特殊疑问句时，关系

3、代词只能用 that。Who is the girl that is talking with Mr. Brown？7).如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时，关系代词用that。We are talking about the people and countries that we have visited.8).当先行词在定语从句中做表语时，关系代词只能用that,也可以省略。如：China is not the country(that) it was.2.指物只能用which 不用that的情况1).在非限制性定语从句中2).在介词后面3.指人时只能用who不用 tha

4、t的情况1).先行词为one, ones或anyone.2).先行词为those.3).在there be开头的句子中。Eg: There is a man who called himself Mr. Wu at the gate.4).在非限制性定语从句中。4.“the same .as”, “such.as” 中的as 可以指人或物，作从句的主语、宾语、表语或介词的宾语。如：Such money as he earned was spent on spirits and tobacco. Is this the same mosquito as bit you just now?He w

5、as not half such a coward as we took him for. 5.why引导表示原因的定语从句，其先行词一般是reason。当主句主语是reason时，作主句表语的成分不能有because和because of 。其结构一般为the reason whyis that，或者 the reason that is that，如：He did not tell us the reason why he was late again.The reason why （that）he didn't come is that he was ill.考点二：在“介词+w

6、hich / whom”的结构中，介词的选择取决于三种情况：1.定语从句中谓语动词或表语的搭配 This is the college in which I am studying.He is the man about whom we are talking.2.先行词与介词的习惯搭配 当先行词表示“领域、方面”时，如：aspect, respect, area, field等，用 in which；当先行词表示“价格、利率、速度”时，如：rate, price, speed 等，用at which；当先行词表示“程度”时，如：degree, extent等，用 to which；当先行词表

7、示“根据、依据、基础”时，如：grounds, foundation, basis等，用 on which； The speed at which the machine operates is shown on the meter. 仪表上显示出这台机器的运转的速度。It is useful to be able to predict the extent to which a price change will affect supply and demand. 3.当定语从句为最高级时 只能用of which，否则用其他介词I have five dictionaries of whic

8、h Longman Dictionary is the best.I have five dictionaries among which Longman Dictionary is published in UK. 注意：不可拆分的动词短语介词不能提前，如put up with；有的短语可能有不同的介词搭配，此时需要根据上下文来确定。如：be familiar with / to ; compare with / to。考点三：当先行词为表示时间的名词（如：time, day, year, week, month, occasion）或地点的名词（如：place, room, city, c

9、ountry）时，一般用关系副词 when 或 where. 分别相当于in which, at which, on which。但是当这些表示时间或地点的名词作从句的宾语时，则要用关系代词that 或which。I can't forget the days when (in which) I lived with you.Can you tell me the day when (on which)the first satellite was sent into space?China is the only country where (in which ) wild pand

10、as can be found.Ill never forget the village where I spent my childhood.I will never forget the days that (which) I spent in Beijing University. (本句days 作spend 的宾语，故用关系代词that / which )I have never been to Beijing, but its the place that I most want to visit.(本句place 作visit 的宾语。) 考点四：非限定性定语从句不能用that引

11、导, 一般用引导词which / as或who（指人），非限定性定语从句既可以修饰主句的部分内容，也可修饰主句的全部内容。as引导的非限定性定语从句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，但which或who引导的非限定性定语从句不能放在主句句首。As we all know, the moon is a satellite of the earth.The large area is covered with thick snow, which affects people's life greatly.His speech, which bored us to death, was

12、 over at last.Her sister, who lived in another city, was coming to visit her.关于非限制性定语从句，应该注意：1非限制性定语从句和单句的比较I am reading Harry Porter, which is an interesting book.He failed in the exam. That made his parents angry.He failed in the exam, which made his parents angry.He has two sons. Both of them are

13、 teachers. He has two sons, both of whom are teachers.2as 引导的非限制性定语从句与itThe earth is round. It is known to all.The earth is round, which is known to all.As is known to all, the earth is round.It is known to all that the earth is round.as 具有“正如”之意，搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：as you know/ as you see/as we planned/a

14、s we expected/as is reported.3.as 引导的限制性定语从句与其他从句的比较This is the same book as I lost.这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。(定语从句)This is the same book that I lost.这本书就是我丢的那本。(定语从句)This is such an interesting book as we all like./This is so interesting a book as we all like.这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句)This is such an interesting

15、book that we all like it./This is so interesting a book that we all like it.这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句)副词性从句（状语从句）状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为十大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较 、方式和程度。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词。现分别列举如下：1时间状语从句常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, b

16、efore, after, since , till, until 特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely whenI didnt realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.The childr

17、en ran away from the orchard (果园) the moment they saw the guard.No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.（倒装语序）Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.2地点状语从句常用引导词：where 特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhereGenerally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.Whe

18、rever you go, you should work hard.3 原因状语从句常用引导词：because, since, as, since ,for特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that My friends dislike me because Im handsome and successful. Now that everybody has come, lets begin our conference.The higher income tax is harmful in that

19、it may discourage people from trying to earn more.Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable. （considering在此是连接词）4目的状语从句常用引导词：so that, in order that特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end thatThe boss asked

20、 the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly. 5结果状语从句常用引导词： so that, such that 特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that He got up so early tha

21、t he caught the first bus.Its such a good chance that we must not miss it.To such an degree was he excited that he couldnt sleep last night.6条件状语从句常用引导词：if, unless 特殊引导词：as / so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition that Well start our project if the pre

22、sident agrees.You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.注意：1）有时可以把祈使句作为条件从句，祈使句后面要搭配and，如： Come tomorrow, and I will tell you. (= If you come tomorrow, ) Give him an inch and hell take a mile. (= If you give him an i

23、nch, hell )2）if only是if的强调式，通常表示说话人的愿望，如： If only it clears up, well go. If only somebody had told us, we could have warned you. If only I hadnt been late for work. (I wish I hadnt been late for work.)3）在真实条件句中，从句动词通常用一般现在时表示将来时间，主句通常带有情态动词， If you move, Ill shoot you. If I press this button, what w

24、ill happen? If you come, you can see it. If you finish early, you may go.注 当从句表示将来已经完成或正在进行的动作时，动词用现在完成时或现在进行时， I will return the book on Monday if I have read it. The police wont take your car away if you are sitting in it.注 如果从句表示现在的意图、意愿、决心等，则可以用will / shall，如： If you will read the book, Ill let

25、you have it. If you will help me, we can finish by six. If you will give up smoking / drinking, your health will improve.4）unless 从句中可用否定词，而 if not 从句中不可再加否定词，因此在 unless 引导的否定从句中，不可用 if not 代替 unless ，如： I will go unless no one else does. I will go if no one else doesnt. × Dont ask me to explai

26、n unless you really dont understand. Dont ask me to explain if you really not dont understand. ×5）注意在非真实条件句使用虚拟语气。(略)7让步状语从句常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though特殊引导词： as（用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装），while (一般用在句首)，no matter , in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however,

27、 whicheverMuch as I respect him, I cant agree to his proposal. 尽管我很尊敬他，我却不同意他的建议。The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.He wont listen whatever you may say.让步状语从句的几点说明；1）有时可用副词yet, still, nevertheless (但不能用连词but)

28、来配合连接词though或although，以加强语气，如： Though he is over seventy, yet / still / nevertheless he can ride the bike.2）if 有时也可以用于让步含义，但要注意条件if 与让步if 的区别，试比较： If he is poor, how can he buy the house? (条件) If he is poor, he is at least honest. (让步) (= even if)3）as（though）引导让步从句一般不置于句首，而将从句中的表语或谓语动词或状语置于句首： 表语的倒装

29、： Tired as he was, he still went on with his work.但如果是单数名词或形容词最高级作表语，不再用冠词，如： Teacher as Michael is, he is not capable of teaching all subjects. Youngest as he is in our class, he speaks English the best. 状语的倒装：（这时不可在状语之前加very, much等修饰语） Much as I admire him as a writer, I do not like him as a man.

30、Hard as I studied, I could not catch up with them. 谓语动词的倒装： Try as he would, he could not remember a word of it. (= No matter how he would try ) Hate him as we may, we must admit his greatness.4）while (= although),它引导的让步状语从句只能前置，位于句首，如： While I admit that the problems are difficult, I dont agree tha

31、t they cannot be solved.注意比较下列各句： While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings. (让步状语从句) While I was reading, the light went out. (时间状语从句) He is idle, while his brother is diligent. (转折、对比，并列分句)5）whetheror引导的让步状语从句为也称为“选择条件-让步状语从句”，可位于主句之前或之后，如： Whether or not it rains, Im giving a part

32、y tomorrow. We hold that all countries, (whether they are) big or small, (whether they are) rich or poor, should be equal. She had to go, whether or not she wanted it.注意：Whether you like it or not, youll have to do it. = No matter whether (但是不能说whetherever)you like it , youll have to do it. 6）由连接代词w

33、hoever, whomever, whatever, whichever引导的让步状语从句： Whoever (= no matter who) is unwilling to go, I will go. (whoever 既相当于连接词短语no matter 连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问代词who) No matter which one (=Whichever 但不能再要one) you choose, we have no objection.7）由连接形容词whatever 或whichever 引导的让步状语从句，如： Whatever (= no matter what) di

34、fficulties may arise, we must and can overcome them one by one. (whatever 既相当于no matter 连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问形容词what 修饰名词difficulties。) Whichever (= no matter which) room is assigned to him, he will have no objection.8）由连接副词however, wherever 或whenever 引导的让步状语从句。例如： However ( = no matter how) difficult the

35、task may be, we will fulfil it on time. ( however 既相当于 no matter 连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问副词 how 修饰 difficult。) Wherever ( = no matter where) they went, they were warmly welcomed. Whenever( = no matter when) Im unhappy, he cheers me up. 注意No matter why(但不能说whyever) he follows me ,I must let him go.9）注意以上几种结构的省

36、略形式： However difficult the task (may be), it will be fulfilled on time. Whatever the difficulties (may be), they must and can be overcome8比较状语从句常用引导词：as（同级比较）, than（不同程度的比较）特殊引导词：the more the more , just as , so; A is to B what / as X is to Y, no more than, no less than, A not so much as B She is as

37、 bad-tempered as her mother.The house is three times as big as ours.The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。9方式状语从句常用引导词：as, as if, how特殊引导词：the wayWhen in Rome, do as the Roman do.She behaved as if she were the boss.Sometimes we teach ou

38、r children the way our parents have taught us.10.程度状语从句(不考)常用引导词： to such an extent that / to such a degree thatThe temperature rose to such an extent that the firemen had to leave the burning building. The temperature lowered to such a degree that the water froze.试比较： The temperature rose so high t

39、hat the firemen had to leave the burning building. The temperature lowered so much that the water froze.从以上例句可以看出，程度状语从句往往也表示达到某种程度时所引出的结果，所以程度状语从句和结果状语从句在意义上有相通之处。 定语从句练习：EX.1 Choose the best answer.1The doctor _ is leaving for Africa next month. Athe nurse is talking to him Bwhom the nurse is talk

40、ingCthe nurse is talking to Dwho the nurse is talking2I still remember the days _ we studied together. Athat Bwhich CwhereDwhen3In fact the Sweden did not understand the three questions _ were asked in French. Awhere Bwho Cin which Dwhich4He didn't know which room _. Athey lived Bthey lived in C

41、did they live Ddid they live in5To get the job started, _ I need is your permission. Aonly what Ball what Call that Donly that6I can still remember the sitting room _ I used to sit in the evening. Awhat Bwhich Cthat Dwhere7Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police. Awhich Bw

42、hat Cwhatever Dthat8His parents wouldn't let him marry anyone _ family was poor. Aof whom Bwhom Cof whose Dwhose9He paid the boy 10 for washing ten windows, most of _ hadn't been cleaned for at least a year. Athese Bthose Cthat Dwhich10She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her

43、 mouth. Ait Bwhich Cthis Dthat11Didn't you see the man _ ? AI nodded just now Bwhom I nodded just nowCI nodded to him just now DI nodded to just now12The radio set _ has gone wrong. AI bought it last week Bwhich I bought it last weekCI bought last week Dwhat I bought last week13Have you seen the

44、 girl _ ? Athat I told BI told you ofCwhom I told you DI told you of him14Who _ has common sense will do such a thing? Awhich Bwho Cwhom Dthat15I'll tell you _ he told me last week. Aall which Ball what Cthat all Dall16Each time _ they met they would talked long hours together. Awhich Bduring Cw

45、hen D不填17I, _ your good friend, will try my best to help you out. Awho is Bwho am Cthat is Dwhat is18 _ , the compass was first made in China. AIt is known to all BIt is known thatCWe know all DAs is known to all19He must be from Africa, _ can be seen from his skin. Athat Bas Cwho Dwhat20Please lend

46、 us _ tool as was used the other day. Asame Bas Cthe same Dthat21The Second World War _ millions of people were killed ended in 1945 Awhen Bduring that Cin which Dwhich22Mr Crossett will never forget the days _ he spent with his various students. Awhen Bwhich Cduring which Don which23This is just th

47、e place _ I am longing to visit these years. Athat Bwhere Cin which Dto where24It's the third time _ late this month. Athat you arrive Bwhen you arrivedCthat you've arrived Dthat you've arrived25Antarctic _ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round. Awhich Bwhere C

48、thatDabout which26He has lost the key to the drawer _ the papers are kept. Awhere Bin which Cunder which Dwhich27Which sentence is wrong? _ AThe finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth.BDo you know the boy who jumped onto the platform?CScience and new technology have made

49、 it possible for farmers to produce more food on the same amount of land.DPeople in ancient times took it for granted that the sun moved round the earth.28Is this museum _ some German friends visited last Wednesday? Athat Bwhere Cin which Dthe one29The beautiful dress _ Miss Jones went to the ball w

50、as borrowed from a friend of hers. Ain which Bworn by Cwearing which Dthat30You may take anything useful _ .Awhich you want Byou want themCwhat you want Dyou want31I've read all the books _ were borrowed from the library. Athey Bwhich C不填 Dthat32 Winter is the time of year _ the days are short a

51、nd nights are long. Aon which Bthat Cwhen Dwhere33 Can you lend me the book _ the other day? Awhich you talked Bthat you talkedCabout that you talked Dyou talked about34 There are two thousand students in our school , _ are girls. Atwo-thirds in which Btwo-thirds in themCtwo-thirds of them Dof whom

52、two-thirds35 I have bought two ball pens, _ writes well. Aneither of them Bnone of themCneither of which Dnone of which36 Do you know the reason _ he was late? Afor which Bfor what Cwhich Dof which37 John got beaten in the game, _ had been expected. Awho Bwhat Cthat Das38 I often thought of my child

53、hood, _ I lived on a farm. Awho Bwhen Cwhere Dwhich39 You can take any seat _ is free. Ain which Bthat Cwhere Dwhich40He talked about the men and books _ interested him greatly in the school. Athat Bwhen Cwho DwhichEX.2介词+关系代词填空题：1As is known to us all, the age _ _ children can go to school is seven

54、.2Believe it or not, I don't like the way _ he spoke to me.3Mrs Zhang often tells us that spring is the time _ people go sight seeing.4He borrowed a book the other day, the author _ is a worker.5The bike _ _ he went to school was stolen last week, which made him feel sad.6Thank you for your help, _ _ we could not have finished the work in time.7Who do you suppose is the man _ _ our teacher is talking?8Do you remember the building _ _ flew a red flag all the y