汉语四字格地分类

1、汉语四字格的分类 四字格词语是汉语词汇的一大特点， 它一般由分成前后两个部分的四个词素构成从语法关系看，词组中前后两个部分可以是主谓、动宾、偏正或者并列关系 从结构上看， 四字格由自由词组和固定词组组成。 自由词组是临时组成的， 可以 随意拆散， 重新组合，例如： “品种齐全，做工精细 ”等；而固定词组是一个整体， 四个语素不能拆开、随意更换。四字格的汉英翻译方法汉语中出现的四字格，很多只是为了读起来上口，对仗，并没有太深的寓意，在 英语中我们并不一定能找到一个表达形式与之对应， 我们只需准确理解其真正含 义，然后进行翻译：1、将四字格前后两个词语分开2、判断这两个词语属于什么词类3、分析前后

2、两个词语间的逻辑关系 4、通过逻辑关系确定翻译方法并列关系法：将前后两个词语分别译成相应的英语译文，然后中间用并列连 词 ” and连”接即可。名山大川famous mountains and grea名t ri胜ve古rs迹 scenic spots andhistoricals ites青 山绿水 green hills and clear wa平te等rs互 利 equality and mutual bene扬fit长 避短 play up strengths and avoid weak反ne腐ss倡es廉 fight corruption and build a clean gov

3、集er思nm广e益nt draw on collectivewisom and absorb all useful ideas语义重复法： 这类四字格前后两个词语的语意是一样的， 如果前后两个词语都翻 译的话就构成语义重复了， 所以在翻译这类四字格的时候， 只需翻译一项语义就 行对于这类四字格可以采用层峦叠嶂 peaks rising one after an优ot胜he劣r 汰 survival of the fitt审es时t 度 势 size up the trend of ev招en商ts引 资 attract investment目的关系法： 这类四字格前后两个词语具有目的关系，动词

4、不定式或者介词短语来表达目的状语 减员增效 downsize （and cut payroll） to improve efficiency （f退or耕 efficiency）还林 return cultivated land to forest or p集as资tu办re学s raise money to set up new schoo结ls党 营私 form cliques for private扭 ga亏in为 盈 turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one途径方式法：具有这种逻辑关系的四字格可以采用介词 through ,

5、according to, with 等介词短语表达相应的方式状语寓教于乐 teach through lively acti因vit材ies施 教 teach students according to their aptitud按e劳 分配 distribution according to perfor以m商an养ce文 support /sponsor cultural activities with the profits from doing business偏正词组法： 对于偏正关系的四字格必有一主一次， 将其中一个词语处理为修饰 性成分，而将另外一个处理为中心词廉洁奉公 hon

6、estly perform o'nes official du环st i境e 绿化 environmental greenin超g 前消费 premature consumption; Over-consume; excessive consumptio以n强 凌弱 the strong domineering over th以e 人we为a本k people foremost; People-oriented动宾关系：优势互补 complement eaocthe r' s advantag自e主s 经营，自负盈 亏 make o'nes own management

7、 decisions, take full responsibility for 'onse own profits and losses条件关系：不进则退 no progress simply means regression 省略意向：瞻前顾后 overcautiou（s 过于谨慎的） and indecisi犹ve豫（ 不决的 ） 源远流长 have a long his呕tor心y 沥血 spare no effo画rts龙 点睛 bring out the crucial poi花nt 天酒地 go on the loo汗se马 功劳 exploits闻 名遐迩 famous

8、独 具匠心 origina中l 流砥柱 mainstay, chief corners鱼to米ne之 乡 a land of milk and hone世y 外桃源 a haven of peace叠词的翻译 叠词是汉语的一种特殊词汇现象，使用非常普遍。汉语的名词、数词、量词、形 容词、副词、动词以及象声词都有重叠变化，其主要形态格式有一下十类：1. AA：天天、看看、洋洋、哄哄2. AAB：毛毛雨、洗洗手、刷刷牙、写写字3. ABB：眼巴巴、水汪汪、凉丝丝、亮堂堂4. AABB高:高兴兴、认认真真、三三两两、滴滴答答5. ABA：B 一个一个、雪白雪白、飞快飞快、漆黑漆黑6. A一 A:看一

9、看、试一试、热一热、猜一猜7. A了（一） A：看了看、试了试、摸了摸、拍了拍（看了一看、试了一试、摸 了一摸、拍了一拍）8. A呀 /呵 A:唱呀唱、游呀游、走呀走、读呀读9. A着 A 着：说着说着、数着数着、跳着跳着、骑着骑着10. A里 AB：糊里糊涂、傻里傻气、娇里娇气、罗里罗嗦另外还有 AABC式（楚楚动人） BCAA式（风雪茫茫） ABA（C 一举一动） A都 A不式（爬都不爬）这些格式使用率不高。汉语词汇重叠后，一般无词性变化。 但是词义大都会发生变化。叠词词义变化可归纳为三种情况。1. 增义：增加语义2. 强义：加强语意3. 弱义：减缓语意叠词的翻译虽然英语有重叠元音或辅音而

10、形成的词汇， 有类似于重叠的单词连续反复， 以及 象声词重叠的现象。 但是，与汉语的重叠变化来说相去甚远， 它们远不足以翻译 汉语的叠词。因此，大多数情况下，只能舍弃其形式而译其意义，用比较切近、 自然的译文表达出原文的语意和体现重叠后词的词义变化。 尽管如此， 我们还是 可以从中找出一基本的翻译方法。1. 借助 ever、y all、 each等 词语，以表达增义的语意，例如： 件件衣服都很漂亮All of these suits of clothes are beatiful.绿化祖国，人人有责It 's everybod'y s duty to make our moth

11、erland green.2. 用相同的词连续反复的方法翻译， 汉英中，同一个词用介词 ( after, in, to, upon, with等 )或 and连 续起来使用，用连字符连接起来使用，或者用逗号隔开重叠 使用。以此来 “增义或强义 ”一天一天、一年一年Day after day and year after year农民犁田只能一块一块地犁Peasants can only plough the land plot by plot.3. 用复数形式翻译学生三三两两地坐在教室里The students their seats in the classroom by twos and

12、threes.一群一群的人蜂拥而进大厅Crowds of people swarmed into the hall.4. 用语义相符的英语表达方式或语法结构表达叠词的强义。 数着数着，两只兔子快到对岸了As they counted the two found themselves quite near the other side of the river.他们听着听着不觉哈哈大笑起来。As they listened they burst into laughter.他思绪滚滚，早已忘却约会一事He had been so busy with her own emotion that he

13、 had forgotten about the appointment.2017年 12月 考研的 （18年 9 月入学, 暨 18 考研党）直播课请戳我报名附：一些常用的四字格翻译，这里只给出四字格脱离语境的翻译，放在上下文 中一定根据句子要求进行调整。预防为主 prevention first综合治理 comprehensive control/managementquo se pej!un eq isjjojp juiof 8>|eiu ispueq uiof !j8q；86o; |nd Q形qpaXojjsap pue psjsnbuoo Suisq iuoipuijxapjo

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15、| suoijeu nvM旦膽耿9¥2吐卑A|nq ;ou poqs qou。屮 pue。屮 ssaiddo ;ou pinoqs Buojjs eq丄jood。屮se屮o 屮!m Xuoiujeq ui 6uiai|ssduiiJoqqSidu poo6 pue 80U8|0A8U8q 'Xjiieipjoosjuiod 冋;e i|6nojqeajquo-qsnd punoj-|e/8Ji;u8 率聊囲勇浩然气概 noble spirit不屈节操unyielding moral principle赴汤蹈火go through fire and water殊死奋战fight

16、 desperately; fight to death可歌可泣moved one to songs and tears英勇卓绝heroic and splendid插科打诨comic parts精微深奥profound and abstruse博大精深extensive and profound源远流长run a long history天下为公The world belongs to all the people.天下兴亡匹夫有责Every man has a duty to his country.吃苦耐劳hard work and enduring hardship勤俭持家run th

17、e household industriously and frugally尊师重教respect teachers and attach importance to education当务之急 urgent; imminent不谋而合 coincide with莘莘学子students青春洋溢young书香浓郁academic/cultural atmosphere朝气蓬勃充满活力dynamic; vigorous多姿多彩colorful日新月异change with each passing day光芒四射shining; brilliant安居乐业live and work happil

18、y and peacefully相知无远近万里尚为邻 Distance can never separate real friends.携手前进join hands名列前茅rank top此起彼伏rise one after another, keep cropping up繁衍生息live and multiply/reproduce改朝换代 changes of dynasties 穷兵黩武 wantonly engage in military aggression; use all o'nes armed might to indulge in wars of aggressi

19、on雅俗共赏 appeal to both refined and popular tastes与日俱增 increase with each passing day, be steadily on the increase极目远眺 look as far as the eye can see按资排辈 to assign priority according to seniority求同存异 seeking common ground while putting aside differences流连忘返 linger on; be too delighted to leave乐不思蜀 too

20、 delighted to be homesick不宣而战 start an undeclared war尽收眼底 hold a panoramic view扬长避短 play up strengths and avoid weaknesses反腐倡廉 fight corruption and build a clean government集思广益 draw on collective wisdom and absorb all useful ideas辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new开拓进取 blaze new t

21、rails and forge ahead求同存异 seek common ground while shelving differences延年益寿 prolong on'e s life审时度势size up the trend of events招商引资attract investment急功近利eager for instant success and quick profits扫黑扫黄crack down on gangland and pornography减员增效downsize(and cut payroll) to improve efficiency退耕还林retu

22、rn cultivated land to forest or pasture互利互补mutually complementary and beneficial集资办学raise money to set up new schools寓教于乐teach through lively activities因材施教teach students according to their aptitude按劳分配distribution according to performance廉洁奉公honestly perform o'nes official duties呕心沥血spare no ef

23、forts画龙点睛bring out the crucial point绿水青山green hills and clear waters墨客骚人 men of letters奇花异草 exotic flowers and herbs鱼米之乡a land of milk and honey奇峰异石 picturesque peaks and rocks浓妆淡抹heavy or light makeup轩然大波a great disturbance, a mighty uproar凤毛麟角rarity of rarities层峦叠嶂range upon range of mountains; th

24、e hills rise arou?nd崇山峻岭 steep mountains雕梁画栋carved beams and painted pillars名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers湖光山色 landscape of lakes and hills青山绿水green hills and clear waters名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites平等互利 equality and mutual benefit国计民生national welfare and the peop'lse livelihood

25、灵丹妙药panacea/miraculous cure中流砥柱 mainstay, chief cornerstone世外桃源 a haven of peace长治久安 a long period of stability按劳分配 distribution according to one' s performance a blaze of bright colo姹u紫rs 嫣红towering and steep moun崇ta山in峻s 岭Each turn of the boat affords a differen船t s移ce景ne换ry carved beams and p

26、ainted 雕raf梁te画rs 栋scenery of exceptional c洞ha天rm福 地Waters rush down in whirlpools an飞d r流ap急id湍s the paths running sinuously amidst th峰e 回pe路ak转sancient architect古ura建l 筑群of antique bea古uty色 古香national pa国rk 家公园towering and magnifi宏ce伟nt挺 拔beautiful scenery of lakes and mo湖un光ta山in色s look as far as the eye can极 s目ee远 眺the south of the lower reaches of the Yan江gz南e 水Riv乡er resplendent and magni金fic碧en辉t 煌command a panoramic vi尽ew收 o眼f 底be greatly surprised/aston惊is奇he不d