八年级下册英语重要知识点归纳资料

1、八年级下册英语重要知识点归纳M1重要语法：感官性系统词：feel（摸起来）、look（看起来）、smell（闻起来）、taste（尝 起来）sound（听起来）,后接形容词作表语，不能接副词。构成疑问句或否定句 要借助助动词。The silk dress feels soft. The flowers look very beautiful. Does it smell nice?The song doesn ' t sou be noisy.2. What a delicious smell!多么香啊！对名词或名词短语感叹用 what感叹句结构：What+ a/an+形容词+单数可数

2、名词+ （主语+谓语）！- What an interesting book it is!What+形容词+不可数名词/复数名词+ （主语+谓语）！What bad weather it is today!What good students they are!对形容词、副词或动词感叹用 howHow +形容词/副词+主语+谓语！How fast he is running!How delicious it smells!How I miss the days we spent together!我多么怀念我们一起度过的日子！1 .I ' m afraid+f:恐怕 I ' m

3、 afrahe has no time today.4 . be done 做好了 ls_your homework done?你的作业做好了吗？ Dinner is done!晚饭做好了 ！5 . have a try 试一试； 尝一尝6 .have a sweet tooth 喜好甜食7 .thanks for=thank you for+ 名词/动词-ing。因 而感谢你。Thanks for your help.=Thanks for helping me .Thank you for inviting me to your party.8 . hear from =get /rece

4、ive a letter fromfc 至 U的来信9 .can ' t wait to do sthf及待去做某事I can ' t wait to see you.10 .人 + spend+ 时间（in） doing sth.。=It takes + 人 + 时间+to do sth.某人花费 多少时间做某事He spent two days （in） reading the novel.=It took him two days to read the novel.11 .too也（置于旬末，前加逗号）also也（置于居中be或情态动词之后）as well也（置于旬末，

5、前不加逗号）12 .be proud of 以为豪 My parents are proud of me.13 . How do you feel about+ 名词/动词-ing ? =What do you think of+ 名词/ 动词-ing?你觉得怎么样？How do you feel about the film?=What do you think of the film?How do you feel about coming to China?=What do you think of coming to China?14 . b be afraid of+ 名词/动词-i

6、ng : 害怕 am afaid of dog/going out at night.b be afraid of doing sth尸be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事.She is afraid of sleeping alone at night尸 She is afraid to sleep alone at night.15 . What does sb. look like?某人长得怎么样（问外表）J 答：short/tall/young/pretty I What is sb like?某人性格怎么样？（问性格或品质）答：quiet/nice/strict/kin

7、d.-What does your English teacher look like? -He is tall with pair of glasses.-What is your English teacher like? -He is strict but friendly.M2重要语法：现在完成时（一）：描述过去已经、曾经或还没有做过某事的经历或体验,对现在造成的影响。结构：have/has +动词过去分词（否定）haven ' t/hasn '动词过去分词含义：已经/曾经彳过还没有做过标志词： already> ever、never、yet、just 等。I h

8、ave seen the movie.我已经看过这部电影。（我现在了解该电影了。）He has already finished his homework.他已经完成了作业。（他可以交作业了）We haven ' t had dinner yet.们还没有吃晚饭。（我4现在饿）Have you ever entered a speaking competition?你曾经参力口过演讲比赛吗? （变 一般疑问句把 have/has 提到句首） Yes, I have./No, I haven ' t.2. enter a competition=take part in a co

9、mpetition 参力口竞赛3. help sb.（to） do sth.帮助某人做某事He often helps me learn English.4. f afford sth.买得起某物I can ' t afford the new bike.lafford to do sth. 付得起钱去做某事=have enough money to buy sth.She can ' t afford to go to school钱去上学。5. /stop to do sth.=stop and then do sth.停下来去做某事1 stop doing sth.停止做

10、某事I' m tired. Let ' s stop to havemres让我们停下来休息一下吧！It ' s time for class now. Let'上sWtopJtOlkng.让我们不要讲话了 ！6. make up编写 make up a story 编故事 make计/them up （ 代词要放中间） 7.invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某不8. I fifteen-year-old十五岁的（复合形容词中的名词不能加s作定语）fifteen years old十五岁 （短语，不能作定语，常作表语）He is fifteen

11、 years old.=He is a fifteen-year-old boy.9. at the moment =now 此刻（常用于现在进行时中）10. have/has been to+某地：曾经去过某地（人已经回来，常与次数连用） h have/has gone to +某地：到某地去了（人未回，不能与次数连用）1 have/has been in +某地：在某地呆/逗留（常与for +时间段连用）I have been to Hong Kong twice .He isn ' t here now. He has gone to the USA.We have been i

12、n China for 20 years.11. be different from 与不同12. find it +形容词+ to do sth.发现做某事是的（it是形式宾语，无义，替代后面不定式）I find it easy to learn maths.我发现学数学很容易。Tony finds it hard to speak Chinese.托尼发现说汉语很难。13. so far到目前为止（常用于现在完成时）So far I have learnt 3 , 000 Englishwords.14. all over the world=around the world 全世界15.

13、 count down 倒数I have already known himHas it arrived yet_ ?M31. already已经（常用于现在完成时肯定句句中或句末）'yet尚，还（常用于现在完成时否定句或疑问句句末）Ijust刚刚（常用于现在完成时肯定句句中）They have just arrived.2. What are your up to?=What are you doing?你在忙什么？3.I ' m not sUlow/ to make it .二 I， m not show I can make it4 . That ' s why就

14、是. 的原因了。5 .J in order to+ 动词原形：为了 He works so hard in order to get the best score.so that+句子-in order that+ 句子： 为了 He works so hard so that （in order that） he can get the best score.6 .j there is（现在完成时形式）there has been已经有/存在I there are（现在完成时形式）there have been已经有/存在There have been many buildings in o

15、ur village since 15 years ago.7 .go around 围绕转8 . none of +名词复数/宾格+动词（单/复形）:没有一个（既指人也指物）Ino one +动词（单）=nobody （仅指人，不与of连用，常用于who提出的问 题）None of the students know（s） the anwer. 没有个学生知道答案。-How many people are there in the room? -None.一个也没有 （强调数量）No one knows the answer. Who'in the classroom?- No on

16、e.没有人（强调有没9 . be called 被称为 10.a small part of 的一小部分"communicate with与 联系 12.finish doingsth.完成做某事13.write back 回信M4重要语法：1 .现在完成时（二）：描述一个动作或状态从过去持续到现在乃至将来有多长时 问。常与 “for+寸间段/since+ 时间点”、so far、recently （最近）、in the last 10 years （最近十年）等表示持续的时间连用，也用于 how long问句中。I have learnt English for 6 years.H

17、e has lived here since he was born.China has changed a lot in the last 30 years. How 10ng have you learnt English?特别注意：在现在完成时（二）中，与“for+寸间段/since+时间点”或how long 问句中，动词必须为可 延续性动词（learn, stay, live ），不能为短暂性动词（buy, borrow, die若1为短暂性动词则要转换成延续性动词或短语。如：buy - haveborrow-keep/haveleave-be away die-be deadcom

18、e/go/reach bein join the party be in the party 错误：I have bought the bike for 3 days.（buy 为短暂性动词，不能与for +时间 段连用）正确：I have had/kept the bike for 3 days.（将buy改为延续性动词 have2 .（问）-How long 多久.？（答）-For + 时间段/since+ 时间点。How long have you been like this?你这样多久了 ？I have been 川 for about three days.我生病大约三天了。3 .

19、catch a cold 感冒 have a fever 发烧 take one ' s temperature!某人的体 温do exercise锻炼 fast food 快餐 not usually 不经常 three times a day 一天三次4 . be harmful to 对 有害 Playing computer games is harmful to your eyes.5 . by doing 通过做 . decide （not） to do sth. 决心（不）做某事 in excellent /bad condition 身体状况良好 / 差 ride to

20、 work=go to work by bike 骑车上 班arrive at/in=get to = reach 至 U 达with a smile on one'面sfac脸go for a run去跑步 feel awful感到不适 all over浑身；遍及6 . too to而不能The boy is too young to go to school.7 .choose sb. to do sth选择某人去干某事 on the way 在路上M51.It ' s timeztoi（）do sth.=It's timefo司）sth.该做某事的时候了10s t

21、imelOss.games. dinnerIt ' s time tohave class.=It play games.= eat dinner.=而战2. fight （fought foutht ） sb.打某人 fight with sb.与某人打架 fight for 为3. fly through 飞越 climb up 爬上4. I want to be someone like him.我想成为想他那样的人。5. keep doing something 不断做某事keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做某事keep sb from doing sth. =s

22、top sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 Keep trying , and you ' ll sucC城劭）.不断尝试，你就会成功！6. can ' t help doinsth.情不自禁做某事Shecouldn ' t help cryiwhen she heard the news.I can ' t help missingou when I see the photos.The little boy can ' t help dancinwith the rock music.7.over=more than 超过8 .w

23、in the heart of sb.赢得某人的心The boy won the heart of the beautiful girl.9 .make a terrible mess 弄得一团糟10 .expect to do sth. 期待做某事 I expect to see you soon.11 .ever since +句子（一般过去时）常用于现在完成时）We have known each other ever since we were young.12 . J in the 1980s在二十世纪八十年代 jin 1980 在 1980 年（没有 the 和 s）13 .fin

24、d real life hard to understand=find it hard to understand real hard发现现实生活难以理解find +宾格+形容词+ to do 二find it形容词+to do+宾格：发现做是的14 . as well as=with/and also 和；以及；也；像 一样好He can speak English as well as French他会说英语，也会说法语。Tony as well as his parents lives in China now.托尼和他的父母现在住在国。（动词要根据就远原则，与 as well as前的

25、主语人称和数一致）I can speak English as well as him.我的英语说得想他一样好。15 .come to life复活/恢复生气16 .be popular with sb.收到某人的欢迎17 .几种时态区别：时态概念标志词一般现在时：经常发生或习惯性地动作谓语动词形式动词原形/三单时间often usuallysometimesevery般过去式：过去发生的动作或状态动词过去式day/week yesterday agojustnow ,lastweek/year现在完成时：1已经或曾经干过某事，对现在的影响have/has+过去分词already«y

26、et justnever .过去发生的动作持续到现在或将来有多久。for+ 时间段、since+ 时间点，so far, rencentlyM61. take up占据（空间/时间）The desk took up too much room.Playing computer games has taken up most of his time. 从事 He took up art at school.他在学校教美术。2. find somewhere to sit down 找地方坐下3. a bit of + 不可数名词=a little of a bit of food/orange

27、juicea bit of a mess 有点舌 La bit + 形容词 / 副词=a littlea bit tired/hungry区别：not a bit: 一点也不not a little:很/非常4. must 一定（表推测）It must be really valuable.他一定很值钱。5. as+（形容词 / 副词）原级 +as:像一样 He is as tall as his brother.否定：not as as 不如. Tom is not as tall as his brother.6. in one '库lif家人）一生中7. make sb./sth

28、. +动词原形：使某人/某物做某事Don' m ake me lough.The boss made the worker work for a long time.类似：let sb./sth. +动词原形:让某人/某物做某事8. grow as a person 长大成人9. some other些 另外一些10. develop oneintesest培养某人的兴趣11. as well as=besides 除了 一之外，还包括.As well as Tom, his parents came to the party.汤姆和他的父母都来参加了这个聚12. encourage

29、sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事13. come out出版；外出；14. as a result 结果 as a result of 由于. 尸because of He didn ' t work haas, a result, he didn ' t pass the exam.15. be interested in+ 名词/动词-ing:对感兴趣I am very interested in maths. Are you interested in dancing?16. sb. spend+时间+doing sth.某人花费多少时间做某事。=It take

30、s sb.+ 时间 + to do sth.He usually spends lots of time playing computer games.=It usually takes him lots of time to play computer games.M71. prepare for 为做准备=get ready for2. make a list of 列的清单3. get reOd y准备好1.1 t sounds crazy.这听起来很荒唐。5. I don ' t kwoat to take.（简单旬=I don ' t knwwat I should

31、take.（复合句）6. at the end of在一的尽头/结尾7. Is 200 dollars enough?（金钱、时间、距离做主语时，视作单数）50 years islong time. 100 metres is a short distance.8. had better + 动词原形：最好做某事 You had better stay home at night. 否定：had better not + 动词原形：最好不要做某事：You' d better not go out now.9. by the way 顺便说一下go crazy 变疯 in a group

32、 of 20 二十人一组10. offer sb. sth.= offer sth. to sb.向某人提供某物He offered the poor lots of food and water.offer to do sth.自愿去做某事They offered to help me.11. learn about 了解at the same time 同时be well trained受过良好培训depend on依赖；取决于14. provide sb. sth.提供某人某物=provide sb. wiih sth./provide sth. for-sb.15. set tests

33、安排考试 form close friendships with 与一结成亲密的友谊 stay in touch with 和保持联系take trips to 至 U去旅行at least 至少fill out 填写M81. 重要语法：宾语从句:在其合句中充当宾语的句壬。本模块重点：由that引导的宾语从句，that无义、可省,后接陈述句作宾语。 宾语从句复合句二主句+引导词+宾语从句。I can hardly believe （that） we' re in the city centreTony guesses that the park is very popular.Ling

34、ling suggests that they spend the day there.Lingling doesn ，ttheirpark will be busy.主句和从句的时态关系：主句：一般现在时从句：需根据实际情况用不同时态She says （that） she works from Monday to Friday.（从句为一般现在时）She says （that） she will leave a message on his desk.（从旬为一般将来时） My grandparents often teJLme they lived a hard life in the p

35、ast. （从旬为一般过去 IXiaoming says he has already finished his homework.（从旬为现在完成时）主句：一般过去时从句：一般过去时/过去时的某种时态He said （that） there were no classes yesterday afternoon.（从旬用一般过去时）He said （that） he was going to take care of the baby.（从句用过去将来时） Our teacher told us he had taught here for 20 years. （从何用过去完成时） 特殊情况

36、：从句描述的是客观事实、真理、科学名言警句等不以时间改 变而改变的事实时，不管主句为何种时态，从句总是用一般现在时。He said that light travels much faster than sound.他说光比声音传播得快）The teacher told us the earth goes_around the sun. （客观事实）She said（that） her father is_twenty-eight years older than her.（客观事实）My father told_us（that） nothing isdifficult if we put o

37、ur hearts into it.（客观真理）注意：当主句的谓语动词是think或believe,宾语从句要表达否定时，要把从句 的否定转移到主句上。I don't think he is going to help you with your English.We don ' t believeat we have won the basketball match.2. hardly 几乎不=almost notHe can hardly believe the result, can he?（前否后肯）3. so that如此以至于The little boy is so

38、_young that he can ' t go to school.=The little boy is too young to_go to school.=The little boy is not 01d enough to go to school.so that 以便； 为了 =in order tharHe got up early so that he could catch up the early bus.4. hear sb./sth.+动词原形:听见某人/某物（经常/过去）做hear sb./sth.+动词-ing:听见某人/某物正在做 I often hea

39、r her play the piano in her room.I heard her play the piano in her room last night.I hear her playing the piano in her room now.5. be famous for 因而著名be famous as+职业/身份:作为而出名This park is famous for its lake.Luxun is famous as a writer.6. allow doing_sth.允许做某事 They don't allow smoking here allow s

40、b. to do sth.允许某人做某事His parents allowed him to go out with me.allow+that 从旬：He allowed that they were right. 他承认他们是对的7. It ' s better （for sb.） to dothi某人来说）最好去做某事。It ' s better for you to stop smoking尸You had better stop smoking.8. point out指出 point at/to 指着（近物/远物）9. at the top of在的顶部 move

41、about四处走动10. promise to do sth.答应做某事 He promised to help mise not to do sth. 保证不做某事 Tony promised not to talk in mise +that 从旬:My parents promise that they will buy me a new shirt.11. have a wonderful time 玩得开心、magic land 仙境 square kilometer 平方公里 by a small lake在小湖边wake sb. up唤醒某人12.

42、without doing 没有做 .We came out withoutmaking any noise.1.1 It is a pity that+ 从旬。真遗憾 .It ' s a pity that you have missed the party.14 .walk down the path 顺路而下15 .put leaves off plants从植物扯下叶子16 . the second largest 第二大； （the + 序数词 + 最高级：第几最.）17 .fall asleep 入睡M91.重要语法：if/whether引导的宾语从句复合句，if/whet

43、her意为 是否"，用 在将直接引语（说话人说得话）为一般疑问句的简单句转化为间接引语 （转述他 小的话）的算合句中做引导词：转化后正将一般疑问句变为陈述句 即陈述语序。基本结构：主句+if/whether+宾语从句（用陈述语序）（直接引语） Are you a teacher?” he asks.f （间接引语）He asks if/whetheE am a teacher.（直接弓I语） “Have you finished your home work? ” the teacher asked him. 一 （间接弓 I 语）The teacher asked if/wheth

44、eE had finished my home work_间接引语也就是if/whether引导的宾语从句He wants to know if it will rain tomorrow.I don ，t knwwether he is at home or not.注：if和whether 一般情况下可以互换使用，但如下情况，不能用 if,只能用 whether:在动词不定式之前只能用 whetherI don't know whether to accept or refuse （拒绝）.在whether or not的固定搭配中。Let me know whether you

45、can come or not.在介词后,只能用 whether。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.宾语从:放在句首表示强调时，只能用 whether。Whether it is true or not, I can't tell.用if会引起歧义时，只用 whether 0如用whether可避免歧义。 特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句（ what/where/when/which/why/how/how many-）基本结构：主句+#殊疑问词+宾语从句（用陈述语序）直接引语为特殊疑问句的简单旬转化为间接引语复合句时,用原来的特殊疑问词作引导

46、词，但后面需改为陈述句，即陈述语序。（直弓 D"What' s your nameM r."Li asks me.（问弓D Mr. Li asks what my name is.（直弓 D "Why did he ask for help? he asked.（问弓 I） He asked why he asked for help.问引即为特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。Where does he come from? I don ' t knoW并句子）I don ' t knwwere he comes from.（合并后，原来的特殊疑问

47、句充当宾语从句， 故要改为陈述句，因为它不再是问句了）How can I get there? Can you tell me? （合并句子）Can you tell me how I can get there?（解析同上）注：if/whether和特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句复合句，主句和从句的时态与that引导的宾语从句复合句一样，需注意主从句时态的变化。2. mention sth. to sb.向某人提及某事3. take a message （forsb.） :（为某人） 捎口信4. 打电话用语： Who' s calling?=Who ' s that speftkn

48、g的？Is that speaking）?你是吗？This is speaking.Could/May I speak to我可以和说话吗？5. have a problem with sb.和某人之间出了问题6. get separated 分开7. explain sth. to sb.向某人解析某事 Please explain the meaning to me.1 explain + 疑问词 + 不定式：Could you explain how to do it well? explain + 宾语从旬： Could you explain what happened then?8

49、. refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事 He refused to help me.9. feel/be sure of 对 有把握10. fregret to do sth.遗憾地（要）做某事（还未做）regret- regrettedz-regretted_ d I regretted scloding him the other day. 我后悔几天前责备过他。regret doing_sth.后悔做过某事（已经做过了）I reget to tell you that you are dismissed.我遗憾地告诉你：你被开除了。11. be patient with sb.对某人耐心12. introduce A to B:把 A 介绍给 B （认识）13. encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事My parents always encourage me to study hard.14. have a hard time过的艰难;遇到麻烦15. 从句中某些特殊疑问词的另义：what所