主谓一致详解

1、主谓一致详解第-3页共9页【基础知识】主谓一致指“人称"和“数”方面的一致关系。对大多数人来说，往往会在掌握主语和随后的谓语动词2间的一致问题上遇到困难。一般情况下，主谓Z间的一致关系由以下三个 原则支配:语法一致原则(grammatical concord)意义一致原则 （nolional concord）就近原贝y (Principb ofproximity)（一）语法一致原则用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致，就是语法一致。也就是说，如果 名词屮心词是单数，动词用单数形式；如果名词屮心词是复数，动词用复数形式。例如：This table is a genu

2、ine antique.Both parties have their own advantages.Her job has something to do with computers.She wants to go home.They are divorcing each other.Mary was watching herself in the mirrorThe bird built a nesLSusan comes home every week-end,（二）意义一致原则而不是语法上的单、复数形有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义, 式，这样的一致关系就是意义

3、一致。例如:Democratic government gradually take the place of an allpowerlul monarchy.A barracks was attacked by the guerilla.Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.The United States is a developed country.It is the remains of a ruined p a lace.The archives was lost.This p air of trousers costs fifty dolla

4、rs.（三）就近原则有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语。例如:Either my grandsons or their father is coming.No one except his daughters agree with him.Mary and her sisters are baking a cake.Neither Richard nor I am going.二、以集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题 有些集合名词,等，在ommittee,council,crew,crowd,tamily,gang,government,group,mob,staff,team, un

5、ion意义上是复数，但在语法形式上是单数，这类名词作主语的主谓一致问题往往遵循 或“意义一致"原则。例如:The committee has/have decided to dismiss him.A council of elders governs the tribe.The present government is trying to control inflation.The school staff are expected to supervise school meals.（一）通常作复数的集体名词包括police,people, cattle, militia, v

6、ermin 等，这些集体名词通常用作复数。例如:The British poUce have only very limited powers.The militia were called out to guard the borderland.It seems the cattle on the sides of the dikes were the only living creatures in thesedesolate surroundings.（二）通常作不可数名词的集体名词通常作不可数名词的集体名词，包括Poultry,foliage , machinery, equipmen

7、t,ftirniture.merchandise等，这类名词后的动词用单数形式。例如:P oullry is expensive at this time of yearThat green foliage was restluLThe merchandise has arrived undamaged.All the machinery in the factory is made in China.The suite of furniture he bought was ofcontem po rary style.The equipment of the p hotogra phic s

8、tudio was expensive.（三）可作单数也可作复数的集体名词可作单数也可作复数的集体名词，包括audience, committee, crew, family, govemmentjury等。例如:The audience was/were enthusiastic on the opening night of the play.The committee has/have decided to dismiss him.The jury is/are about to announce the winners.The government has/have discussed

9、 the matter for a long time.三、a committee, etc of+ 复数名词的主谓一致问题如果主语是由a committee of/a p anel of/a （the） board of +复数名词构成，随后的动词通常 用单数。例如:A committee of iwe Ive men is to discuss the matter.A panel of experts has considered the situation.The board of managers is responsible for the firm.四、以s结尾的名词作主语的主谓

10、一致问题英语可数名词的规则复数形式是在词尾加s或-es ,但是有一些以s结尾的名词并不是可数-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓名词。它们用法多样，造成了实际使用上的困难，以下详述了以一致问题。（一）以s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题（二）以s结尾的游戏名称作主语的主谓一致问题（三）以s结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题（四）以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题（五）其它以s结尾的名词的主谓一致问题（一）以s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题以-S结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题，如:arthritis,bronchitis,diabetes,mumps, phlebitis picket

11、s.这类以s结尾的疾病名称作主语时，谓语动词通常用作单数。例如:Arthritis causes great pain in the joints of the patient.The diabetes is a kind of chronic disease.Measles usually occurs in children.P hlebitis is a swollen condition of the blood vessels.（二）以s结尾的游戏名称作主语的主谓一致问题以s结尾的游戏名称作主语时，谓语动词通常用作单数。例如:Darts is basically a easy gam

12、e.Marbles is not confined to children.Skittles is not fashionable nowadays.Draughts is not very difficult to learn.但当Darts , Marbles等的意义为游戏器具而非游戏名称时，谓语动词通常用作复数。例如:Three darts are thrown at each turn.All nine skittles were brought down by the good throw.（三）以s结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题某些以-s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，女0 the

13、 United States , the Netherlands 等，因其 是单一政治实体，所以谓语动词用作单数。例如:The United Slates was hit by the Great Depression in 1930sIn early January 1996 the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1976.但如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用作复数。例如:The West Indies are commonly divided into two parts.The Himalayas have

14、 a magnificent variety ofplant.The Straits of Gibraltar have not lost their strategic impo rtance.The Niagara Falls are perhaps the most splendid waterfall in the world.（四）以ics结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题第6页共9页某些以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语时，如physics,mathematics,mechanics, optics.acoustics, PolKics statistics, economics, l

15、inguistics, athletics例如:Physics is a lundamental subject in science.The third world economics is promising.Acoustics studies the science of sound.Mathematics is an interesting subject.Athletics is a required course for students of all grades.但如果这类名词表示学科以外的其它含义，可作复数用。例如:Athletics have been greatly en

16、couraged at this college.The acoustics of the new concert hall are p erfect.The economics of the p roject are still at issue.（五）其它以s结尾的名词的主谓一致问题A.以s结尾的由两部分组成的物体名称作主语等,谓语动词通常用作单数。glasses,Pincers,pliers,scissors, shorts,suspendersgrousers等，这类名词做主语，如果不带 -把-、英语屮有一些通常以s结尾的由两部分组成的物体名词，如第8页共9页“一副”等单位词，谓语动词

17、通常用复数。例如:Mary's glasses are new.John's trousers are black.如果带有单位词，则由单位词决定动词的单、复数形式。例如:One p air of pincers isnl enough.Two p airs of scissors are missing from my tool box.B其他以s结尾的名词英语屮还有一些以 s 结尾的名词，如1 archives , arms,clothes, contents, eaves, fireworks.这类名词作主语时，谓语动goods, minutes, morals, rem

18、ains stairs, suburbs, thanks,wages词通常用复数。例如:The archives of the country are kept in the Department of Security,The contents of the book are most amusing.High wages often result in high prices.My thanks are sincere.五、如果句了的主语是并列结构，其主谓一致问题通常遵循以下原则:（一）由and/both-.-and连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题（二）由or/nor/eilheror 连接的

19、并列主语的主谓一致问题（三）主语 + as much as,etc 的主谓一致问题（一）由and/both-.-and连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题由and/bolhand连接的并列结构作主语，可根据主语的意义决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。例如:Pancakes and syrup is a tasty breakfast.The number and diversity of British newspaper is considerable.Good and bad taste are inculcated by exam pie.Fish and chips are getting very

20、 ex pensive.A truck and a car were in the ditch,Both Cathy and her daughter Lida have gone fishing in Canada.当and连接的并列名词词组带有each , every,或者many a 等限定词时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如:Each man and each woman there is asked to help,Every flower and every bush is to be cut down.Every change of season, every change of we

21、ather, indeed every hour of the day.p reduces some change in the magical hues and shapes of these mountains.Many a boy was disap po in ted after seeing the film.（二）由or/nor/eilheror 连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题由or,noneither.-on neither.,nor,not onlybut also连接的并列结构作主语，随后的动词形式通常按照“就近原则处理。例如:Neither Lucy nor Carol ha

22、s any money left.第-10页共9页Neither sleet nor snow slops him from driving his new Mercedes-Benz.Either Tina or Carol is sure to know the answer.Neither my father nor my brothers are likely to be at theater,Neither the Kansas coach nor the p la ye rs were confident of victory.Not only one, but all of us

23、 are hoping to be there.Not only the switches but also the old wiring has been stolen.（三）主语 + as much as,etc的主谓一致问题等引导的从属结构,等引导的词组时,当主语后面S艮有由as much as, rather than , more than, no less than或定艮有由 as we 11 as, in addition to ,with, along with, together with, excep(其后的动词形式取决主语的形式。例如:The vessel, with i

24、ts entire crew and cargo was lost.The ocean, as well as the gulf and the bay, provides good fishing.John, rather than his roommates, is to blame.Hugh,as well as his two sisters, is vacationing in Wyoming this summerSome of the emp loyees as much as the manager were res po nsible for the feilure.My h

25、usband,more than anyone else in the family，is longing to go there again.Billy, together with his sisters, was wounded in the accident.No one except two girls was late for school.六、以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题数量概念分两类：一类是确定数量，女0 two years, five seconds,three kilos, 等，另一类是非确定数量，如all ofsome ofnone of。如果用这类表示数

26、量概念的名词词组作主语, 会产生主谓一致问题。（一）以表示确定数量的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题（二）以表示非确定数量的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题（一）以表示确定数量的名词词组作主语当主语为表示确定数量的名词词组时，如果数量概念被看做一个整体，动词用单数，如果被 看做组成该数量的个体，动词用复数。例如:The treasurer considered that twenty dollars was not too much to ask.'Two months is loo short a time,” General manager warned, "we must hu

27、rry up."Three weeks is needed to complete the task.There were six silver dollars in each of the stockings.Three pints is not enough to get him drunk.A total of 50,000 new bicycles was registered in the yea匚如果作主语的名词词组是由“分数/百分数+ of”词组构成，其动词形式取决于of词组屮名词例如:Two-thirds of the people present is agains

28、t the plan.Three-lburths of the surfece of the e a rth is covered by sea.Over twenty percent of the city was destroyed in the war.Forty-five percent of the doctors were woman.两数相减或相除，谓语动词用单数；两数相加或相乘，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。例如:Sixty minus seventeen leaves Ibrty-three,Forty-two divided by six is seven.Six and

29、eight makes/make fourteen.Six times eight is/a re fbrty-e ight.如果主语由*one in/one out of +复数名词"构成，在正式语体中，动词用单数。例如:One in ten students has passed the examination.One out of twelve bottles was left intact.（二）以表示非确定数量的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题如果主语由 "a portion of, a series of，a pile of, a panel of +名词"或由 “a kind/sort/type of,this kind/sort/lype of+ 名词”构成，谓语动词通常用单数。例如:Apanel of us has decided to hire a boat and tra v