母题专题20书面表达概要写作

1、专题 20 书面表达概要写作【母题来源】12019 浙江卷】第二节 概要写作 （ 满分25 分 ）67. 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60 词左右的内容概要。Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, Weve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict. By gi

2、ving kids a lot of praise, parents think theyre building their childrens confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way thats insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where th

3、eir parents praise has put them.Still, dont go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging gas giving too much. Kids will feel like theyre not good enough or that you dont care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.So what is

4、 the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. We should especially recognize our childrens e

5、fforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal, says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. One thing to remember is that its the process not the end product that matters.Your son may not be the best basketball player on his tea

6、m. But if hes out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever i

7、t is, praise should be given on a case -by-case basis and be proportionate（相称的）to the amount of effort your child has put into it.更多资源关注微信公众号：学起而飞【范文】Currently, contrary to what people did in the past, many parents think highly of their kids too often. It is not proper to praise children too much, b

8、ut they cant do the opposite. It is said that what matters is not the quantity but the quality of praise. All in all, parents are supposed to praise their children in promotion to how much effort they make.【命题意图】选材特点（ 1 ）所需阅读的短文词数在350 以内；（ 2 ）所选材料体裁没有限制，以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。评分参考阅卷时主要考虑以下内容：（ 1 ）对原文要点的理解和呈

9、现情况；（ 2 ）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；（ 3 ）上下文的连贯性；（ 4 ）对各要点表达的正确性情况。注意：理解准确，涵盖全部要求，完全使用自己的语言，准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇，得分相应比较高。相反，如果概要写作部分出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象，得分档次将会大大降低；所写内容与所提供内容无关不得分。【命题特点】概要写作， 简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括， 写出文章的中心大意， 也可称之为摘要。 写概要时，读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心， 而是要通过对文章中的单词、 词组和句子进行合理转换， 对文章的具体信

10、息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。【得分技巧】1 ）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨和结构，明确各段的大意。2）弄清要求。新高考的概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：（ 1

11、 ）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。（ 2 ） 安排好篇幅的比例， 概要应同原文保持协调， 即用较多的文字写重要内容， 用较少的文字写次要内容。（ 3 ）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。（ 4 ）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。（ 5 ）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。【精准对接】 文章和高考题相似度很高。【母题1 】 【浙江省温州市2019 届高三普通高中 5 月份高考适

12、应性测试】阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60 词左右的内容概要。High school exit tests are tests that students must pass to graduate from high school. In the last few years. however, a number of states in America have dropped them. Although some states still use them for diplomas, the number is down from a high of 27 states during

13、 the testing craze promoted by No Child Left Behind （NCLB）.The appearance of this phenomenon is small wonder. Researches clearly show that exit tests have little positive effects on students. A 2014 report found exit testing was associated with lower graduation rates, negatively affected labor marke

14、t outcomes, and, most alarmingly, produced a 12.5 percent increase in incarceration（ 监禁 ）rates. Exit exams, the study concluded, had tended to add little value for most students.Exit testing relies on the following assumptions. One is that standardized testing can serve as a kind of control”for high

15、 school graduates, guaranteeing that graduates are college ready. The other is that they havepredicting value for future success in academic situations.But there is little evidence. The tests dont exactly measure what they pretend to measure. For example, qualities such as intelligence, academic abi

16、lity, college readiness are not determined. Those that should be developed in all young people, like responsibility, critical thinking, and empathy （ 移植 ）,are not measured, either. Even supporters of exit tests have acknowledged that they dont offer reliable data.Thus, more and more people are sugge

17、sting that exit test scores ought to be just one component of the high school diploma. Schools should consider many other records including credits earned, courses taken, activities, service, projects and other elements of academic accomplishment so that students can be evaluated flexibly. In other

18、words, exit test scores should never be the only criterion for high school diplomas. 【范文】High school exit tests have been cancelled in some states in America in recent years. This is not surprising because studies show they do little good to students. Instead of ensuring college readiness and academ

19、ic success, they actually dont measure what should be measured. Therefore, exit test scores should only be one part of the standards of high school diplomas. 【母题 2】 【2019 届浙江高三高考模拟】阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60 词左右的内容概要。To pollute or not to pollute That is the question. In order to survive, we all need to cause

20、 pollution. Factories that process the food we eat, clothes we wear, and cars we drive have to cause pollution. The environment has the ability to absorb our waste or the pollution, but its absorption ability has its limits. If the pollution level is higher than what the environment can cope with, t

21、hen thats the time when pollution is bad. If the pollution level becomes too high, human health can be affected badly. Then, the productivity level of the sick people is low and the economy suffers. The economy suffers not only because of the lost productivity of the people, but also because the gov

22、ernment must pay for the damage the pollution has done to its people. This is the reason why the government prefers taxation policy. Imposing （征收） a tax on firms that pollute the environment can be considered a good strategy, as long as the tax coversall the external costs or the cost of the damage

23、the firm hascreated during production. Taxation, if enforced （执行） really well, can make firms create a technology that may reduce pollution, if they find out that it will be cheaper than continuously paying the tax. The disadvantage of this policy, however, lies in the possibility that some big firms will find the tax cheap and then they will just produce more and pollute the environment more. If other small firms find the tax expensive, thus closing down, th