译林版八年级英语下册Unit1知识点总结复习归类

1、Unit 1 Past and present短语归纳1. 过去和现在past and present 2. 一小时前 an hour ago3. 你看见我的食物了吗？ Have you seen my food?4. 我刚刚吃了它。 I ve just eaten it.5. 你吃了我的食物？You ve eaten my food?6. 你过去常常和我分享食物的。 You used to share food with me.7. 过去常常做某事 used to do sth. 8. 和某人分享某物 share sth. with me9. 你过去对我很友好。 You used to be

2、 kind to me.10. 对某人友好be kind to sb. 11. 骑自行车去上学 go to school by bike12. 乘公共汽车take a bus13. 太多的人 too many people14. 等下一班车花了很长时间。 It took a long time to wait for the next one.15. 对阳光镇非常了解know Sunshine Town very well16. 自从我出生我就住这儿了。 I ve lived here since I was born.17. 搬家 move house18. 在城镇的北部in the nor

3、thern part of town/in the north of town19. 结婚 get married20. 搬到两个街区以外move two blocks away21. 自从那时since then22. 改变许多change a lot23. 近几年/在这些年间over the years24. 在镇中心in the town centre25. 把镇中心的一部分变成一个新公园 turn part of the town centre into a new park26. 把变成changeinto27. 污染问题 a pollution problem28. 一家钢铁厂a

4、steel factory29. 往河里排放废弃物 put the waste into the river30. 意识到这个问题 realize the problem31. 采取行动做某事take action to do sth.32. 改善情况improve the situation33. 干净的多much cleaner34. 在某种程度上是这样的 in some ways it is35. 拥有一个美丽现代的城镇 have a beautiful modern town36. 我大多数老朋友most of my old friends37. 搬走 move away38. 看到彼

5、此 see each other39. 和以前一样经常as often as before40. 过去经常一起打牌 used to play cards together41. 下中国象棋play Chinese chess42. 感到有点孤单feel a bit(a little) lonely43. 不时，有时，偶尔 from time to time/at times/sometimes44. 小镇的令人惊叹的变化 the amazing changes in the town45. 对了解甚少 know little about46. 发生take place47. 采访某人 have

6、 an interview with sb.48. 一生 all one s life49. 事实与观点 facts and opinions50. 习惯于 get/be used to +n./pron./doing51. 独自，亲自 on one s own = by oneself = alone52. 你们上次见面是什么时候？ When did you last see each other?53. 从那时起我们就没见面。 We haven t seen each other since then.54. 在道路的一边on one side of the road55. 在道路的另一边

7、on the other side of the road56. 在道路两边on both sides of the road = on each/either side of the road57. 听广播 listen to the radio58. 又窄又脏的道路 narrow and dirty roads59. 大块空地 large open spaces60. 许多家庭甚至有自己的车。Many families even have their own cars.= Many families even have cars of their own.61. 现在人们享受着舒适的生活。

8、 Now people are enjoying a comfortable life.62. 搬到(出)某地move to(out of) sp.63. 变化很大 change a lot64. 在过去 in the past65. 变成 turn/change into66. 中国象棋 Chinese chess67. 噪音污染 noise pollution68. 购物大厦 shopping malls69. 搬走 move away70. 感到寂寞 feel lonely71. 时常 from time to time72. 收至 I的来信 hear from/get(receive)

9、 a letter from73. 投入使用 be in use/service74. 不再 no more/longer; not.any more/longer75. 一条河流经市中心。A river runs through the centre of the city.Comic strip & Welcome to the unit1: past and present(1) pastn.过去，以前；in the past在过去In the past, there was no underground in Nanjing.People lived a hard life i

10、n the past.adj.过去的，以前的；in/over/during the past/last few years 在过去的几年里 常用于现在完成时Let ' s not make thsst mistakes.He has visited many foreign countries in the past few years . prep.过 half past ten 十点半Our car was past the Tian ' anmen Square when it broke down.adv. 经过 go/walk/run/ride/drive/swim

11、past sp. = pass sp.A woman saw it happen when she walked past.When I walk past the post office, I see a bird flying over the tree.(2) presentadj现在的；目前的；出席的 be present at the meeting出席会议 n现在；礼物；at present 现在 ；a present for you=a gift for you 给你的礼物 He is busy at present .vt介绍；出现；提出；赠送；present sb. with

12、 sth.Everyone can be presented a present at present.2： You' vechanged, Eddie. You used to share food with me. 你变了。你以前跟我分享食物的。(1) change: vt./vi. 改变，变更 ; change into 变成n.变化，改变；change(s) to的变化Great changes to Nanjing have taken place.(2) use n.用途；使用能力；运用头脑(或身体)的能力；vt.用，使用；行使， used to (do sth.)过去常常

13、(做某事)”否定形式：used not to+v.或 didn ' t use to+v.疑问形式：Used sb. to v.? Yes, sb used./No, sb usedn ' t.或 Did sb. use to+v.? Yes, sb did./No, sb didn' t. get/be used to(doing sth.)习惯于(做某事)He used to go fishing every Saturday. But since he changed his job, hebarely(几乎不)had achance. He thinks he

14、' Ibeeverd to this busy lifestyle.be used to do sth.被用来做某事useful adj. 有用的； useless adj. 无用的Reading1: I first lived in the northern part of the town with my parents.北南西东东南东北西南西北adj.northernsouthernwesterneasternsoutheasternnorthwesternnorthwesternnorthwesternn .northsouthwesteastsoutheastnorthwes

15、tnorthwestnorthwestin the northern part of China = in northern China = in the north of ChinaBeijing is in the northern part of China.批注：注意in the north与in the northern part of的同义句转换。例如：Beijing is in the north of China.=Beijing is in the northern part of China.2： When I got married in 1965, my wife an

16、d I moved two blocks away and we ' ve lived in thisarea since then.当我1965结婚的时候，我的妻子和我搬到了两个街区之外，从那之后我一直住在那个地方。(1) marry :vt.& vi.(使)结婚；娶；嫁；结合；marry sb = get married to sb 与某人结婚 marry A to B 把 A 嫁名n Badj. married 已婚的； 短语： A and B get married /A get(s) married to Bn. marriage 婚姻Some young coupl

17、es got married on that day.(2) move: vt.& vi.移动，搬动；使感动move away 搬走 move into 搬进 move out of 搬出.Every year millions of people moved into the city while millions of people moved away .(3) Now the government has turned part of the town centre into a new park.turn into 进入，拐进；(使)成为，(使)进入turn. into. =

18、 o 把变成Bad beginnings may turn into good endings.I saw him turn into the library.How can you turn a bottle of water into a bottle of orange juice?turn on开turn off关turn up调高；开大(音量、煤气等)turn down调低；关小(音量、煤气、灯火等 )turn around转身turn over把翻过来turn back往回走 turn left向左转 turn right向右转by turns轮流，交替in t

19、urn依次；轮流 turn in交出；上交take one ' s tur欹；轮流 It ' s one ' s turn to dofsih某人做某事。(4) There was once a steel factory near the Sunshine River.阳光河附近曾经有个车W铁厂。once: adv.曾经=used toThere was once a shopping centre here.=There used to be a shopping centre here.n.一次，一回;=one timeI am used to doing exe

20、rcise once a week.5: They often put the waste into the river.他们经常把垃圾放到河里。(1)put sth into 把放进，使进入Please put the food into the fridge.put away 拿走，储存 备用 put back放回；向后移put down 写下；记下put on 穿上put off延期；推迟put out熄灭；关熄；扑灭put up举起；抬起；张贴(2)waste n(u).废弃物，垃圾，浪费时间 /金钱的7费 a waste of time/moneyv.浪费 waste.on sth

21、/ waste.(in)doing sthWe should save water instead of wasting it.Don' twaste time playing games.adj.无法利用的，废弃的 waste land, waste paper后来6： Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation.政府意识到这个问题并采取行动去改善这种情况。(1) realize v.意识至U; 实现 =come truerealize sth, realize

22、that/wh-疑问词My dream comes true.=I realize my dream.He has realized his mistakes/what I mean.The villagers didn ' t realiz心ow serious the pollution was until all the fish in the river died. improve v 提高；改善；改进n. improvement 提高，改进；improve the living standard 提高生活水平 ;improve your English 改善你的英语；Do y

23、ou know how to improve your memory?(3) situation n.形势，情况The economic situation is now different. 现在经济情势不同了。7: Now the river is much cleaner.现在河流干净了 很多。此处的much用于修饰形容词比较级。类似的用法还有：much; still; even; far; a little; a bit; alot;-How do you feel today? -Even worse .8: Well, in some ways it is. 好的，在某种程度上它是

24、。in some ways在某些方面，在某种程度上In some ways , I do agree with you.1. in many ways在许多方面；用许多方法； in this way用这种方法；2. on one ' s way to 在某人去的路上“；(home/here/there这几个词前不需要加 to)3. by the way表示 顺便说/问一句"4. all the way表示 全程；一直”;5. in a way在某一点上，在某种程度上6. in the way挡道 in the way of sb挡在某人路上9：Ii_has become im

25、possible for us to see each other as often as before.对我们来说像以前样I(1)此处的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式to see each other.常用句型：It is +adj+ for sb to do sth.对某人来说做某事是怎样的。as . as 像一样。It is dangerous for us to go out alone at night.(2) as often as before 像以前一样的经常10:Now I feel a bit lonely from time to time.现在我经常会感到有点

26、孤单。（1） lonely:adj.孤独的，孤单的；寂寞的；荒凉的feel lonely, a lonely person, live in a lonely villagealone adv./adj.单独，独自=by oneself=on one ' s own1.Our teacher asks us to finish the task alone.=Our teacher asks us to finish the task by ourselves.=Our teacher asks us to finish the task on our own.2. My grandm

27、a lives alone, so she feels lonely sometimes.（2） time: n时间；次数；时代（常用复数）at the same time同时 in time及时；适时 on time按时，准时；按时all the time始终，一直 at a time 一次；每次；在某时from time to time 不时，有时 for the first time 首次； 第一次（3） a bit + adj./adv. = a little + adj./ adv. 有点a little +不可数名词 =a bit of +不可数名词I find the watch

28、 a little expensive.Grammar1 .现在完成时的含义A.表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍 然在进行。常带有 for和since等表示一段时间的状语。如：Mike borrowed the book two days ago.（两天前借了书，但是现在有没有还不知道）Mike has kept the book for two days.（借了这本书两天，这本书还在麦克那里）He has taught here since 1981.（可能还要继续教）I haven't seen her for four years.（我

29、已经四年没有见过她了。）B.表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。如：She has gone.（她走了，这里可看出”走 的动作时过去发生的，而对现在造成的结果她不在这里了。）We are good friends.（现在的情况）I knew him in 1997.（过去的动作）We have known each other since 1997.（现在完成时把过去动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在）2 .现在完成时的构成（一）肯定式 主语+助动词have/has +过去分词+其它例：I ' ve just copied all the

30、 new word或刚抄写了所有的生词。（表示不要再抄了）（二）否定式主语+助动词 have/has+ not +过去分词+其它1） I haven't finished my homework yet. 我还没有完成我的作业。注：有时not可以用never代替，表示 从来没有”的意思。又如：2） I have never seen him before.以前我从来没有见过他。（三）一般疑问式助动词Have/Has +主语+过去分词+其它？例：Have you ever made dumplings?你曾经做过饺子吗？ Yes, I have.是的，我做过。注意：当句中有否定词not,

31、 hardly （几乎不），never的时候，在改为反意疑问句时，附加部分用肯定形式。例如：You have never come to our school, have you?你以前从来没有来过我们学校，是吗？3 .动词过去分词的构成方法A.规则变化。规则变化与过去式相同。a.通常加-ed,如：visited , finished ob.以不发音的e结尾的直接加 d,如：lived , moved。c.重读闭音节的双写最后一个辅音加-ed,如：travelled , planned。d.以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把 y变为i再加ed,如：studied, cried。B.不规则变化。（需逐

32、一记忆）4 .与现在完成时连用的时间状语a.用副词already和yetalready一般用于肯定句中，yet 一般用于否定句和疑问句中。yet用于疑问句，表示 已经”；用于否定句，表示还”。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。They haven ' t finished their homework 丫鲍们还没有完成作业。Have you finished your homework yet? 你已经完成你的家庭作业了吗？b.用ever和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示 曾经”或从未 等。如：-Have you e

33、ver been to the Great Wall?-1 have never been to the Great Wall.c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如 recently, just, before, up to now, the past few years等 I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.He has been there three times the last few days.I haven ' t eaten Guangdong food beforet;以前没吃过广东菜。d.用包括

34、现在“在内的时间状语，如： now, today, this morning （month, year, term）等。如：-Have you met him today? -No, I haven ' t.How many times have you been there this year?5 .现在完成时的句型a. It is the first / second/及time (that+用现在完成时)It is the first time that she has visited the city. 这是她第一次参观这座城市。b.This is the +形容词最高级+名词

35、that +从句(从句用现在完成时)This is the best film that I' ve (ever)(seet过的最好电影。I must say that it's the best model I have ever seen. 这是我玩过的最有趣的游戏。c. Its(+时间 +since 从句(或 It has been + 一段时间 +since 从句).自从某事发生已有一段时间了。It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army.It ' s over twenty years s

36、ince we last met.It ' s a long time since our last vacation.6.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时与一般过去时都表示动作已经发生”，但不同点在于：现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，即对现在产生的结果、影响等，而一般过去时只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。He has learned French for three years.他学法语已经三年了。He learned French for three years.他曾经学过三年法语。Who has taken my bag? I couldn'谁 fnd 也

37、我的包？我找不到了？He cleaned the house yesterday 他昨天打扫过房间。The room is clean, for he has cleaned it already.房间很干净，因为他已经打扫过了。现在完成时不可与表示过去的时间副词连用，而一般过去时则可以。He has done some washing.He did some washing yesterday. 他昨天洗衣服了。Integrated skills&Study skills&Task1. Starlight Town has changed a lot over the years.星光镇在过去几年中变化很大。=There have been great changes in Starlight Town.=Great changes have taken place in Starlight Town.(1)change vt. 变化，改变Where did you ch