高中英语不定式的用法（24张）ppt课件

1、动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式的句法功能To have an ice cream is cool.I want to see you this evening.All you should do now is to remember todays lesson.I want a pen to write with.He lowered his head to sleep. He asked his partner not to copy the homework. 主语主语 宾语宾语表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾补宾补想一想想一想动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态He pretends to

2、be ill to sleep in class. 普通式普通式( to do )He pretends to be listening when asked.进展式进展式( to be doing)不定式的普通式所表示的动作形不定式的普通式所表示的动作形状同时或几乎同时发生，或状同时或几乎同时发生，或之后发生。之后发生。假设谓语表示的动作情况假设谓语表示的动作情况发生时，不定式所表示的动发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进展。作正在进展。He pretends to have understood the lesson.完成式完成式to have done)表示不定式动作发生表示不定式动作发生在

3、谓语动作之前。在谓语动作之前。重点重点!Remember them!一、一、-ing-ing方式与不定式的区别方式与不定式的区别不定式普通表示某个一次性的、详细的、不定式普通表示某个一次性的、详细的、未做的动作；而未做的动作；而-ing方式那么表示习惯的方式那么表示习惯的泛指的动作或一件知的事或阅历。泛指的动作或一件知的事或阅历。 Getting up early is a good habit. To finish the work in a week is impossible. 二、不定式做主语，普通用二、不定式做主语，普通用itit当方式主语，当方式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。把作

4、主语的不定式短语后置。但在以下句型中常用但在以下句型中常用-ing方式作主语。方式作主语。 It is impossible to finish the work in a week.It is/was not any use/goodof little use/gooduseless+doing sth.no use/good 假设主语和表语都是非谓语动词假设主语和表语都是非谓语动词, , 应坚应坚持方式上的一致。持方式上的一致。 Seeing is believing. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. To see is to beli

5、eve. It is no use crying over spilt milk.It is of little good staying up too late every day.留意留意1)有些动词要求只接不定式作宾语：有些动词要求只接不定式作宾语：hope wish want agree promise demand ask refuse manage learn decidepretend choosefail dare offer help三个希望两答应两个要求莫回绝做到学会作决议做到学会作决议不要伪装在选择没敢提出来协助没敢提出来协助三、不定式和三、不定式和inging方式作宾语

6、的区别方式作宾语的区别2)有些动词只接有些动词只接ing作宾语作宾语,常见的有：常见的有：resist、 object to、delay、 look forward to 、 enjoy ； mind、 imagine、 practise、suggest、appreciate.抗议推迟盼喜报，心想练成荐欣赏Bear them in your mind!四、不带四、不带to的不定式作宾补的不定式作宾补三三使使 let make have 二听 listen to hear一感一感: feel四看四看 watch see observe noticeI heard them sing a pop

7、song .The teacher made me answer the question.We watched them play football .假设上述构造变为被动语态假设上述构造变为被动语态,不定式就不定式就由原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语由原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语,此时动词此时动词(let, have无被动语态无被动语态)后原后原来不带来不带to的不定式要加的不定式要加to。如如: He was seen to go upstairs. He was made to do his work .Be careful! 五、介词五、介词except/ but 之后接不定式时，假

8、之后接不定式时，假设介词前有实意动词设介词前有实意动词do的各种方式那么的各种方式那么except/ but 后接不带后接不带to 的不定式；反之，的不定式；反之，假设假设except/ but前没有实意动词前没有实意动词do，那么，那么不定式带不定式带to 。Cai has no choice but to do the homework. Cai does nothing but sleep every day.六、六、 作定语的不定式假设是不及物动词，作定语的不定式假设是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相

9、应动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。的介词。 He is looking for a room to live in.不定式所修饰的名词假设是不定式所修饰的名词假设是time, place或或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。 He had no money and no place to live.七、七、 something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。置定语。1) Have you anything to send? 他有什么东西要寄吗？他有什么东

10、西要寄吗？不定式不定式to send的动作执行者是的动作执行者是you2) Have you anything to be sent? 他有什么要我或他人寄的东西吗？他有什么要我或他人寄的东西吗？ 不定式不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已的动作执行者是已被省略的被省略的me或或someone else留意比较留意比较To tell the truth, I am not happy at the moment.八、独立构造八、独立构造to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truth九、九、 不定式的省略不定式的省略(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现

11、过不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要下文要 省略该动词省略该动词.- Would you like to go with me ? - Id like to .(2). 不定式是不定式是to be 构造构造, be 不可省不可省.- Would you like to be a teacher?- Id like to be. had better/had best + (not) do sth. Why (not) do sth.? prefer to do/prefer doing prefer + n./doing A +to + n./doing B prefer + to do A

12、rather than do B would rather (not) do sth. would rather do A than (do) B would rather + 句子过去式句子过去式 虚拟语气虚拟语气 要要做做Use your head!1. My wife said in her letter that she would appreciate _ from you sometime. A. to have heard B. to hear C. for hearing D. hearing2. Robert is said _ abroad, but I didnt kno

13、w what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to be studying C. to study D. to have been studying3. In Australia he made a lot of friends _a very practical knowledge of English. A. get B. getting C. to get D. got4. They are considering _ before the prices go up. A. of buying the house B. with

14、buying the house C. buying the house D. to buy the house5.Paul doesnt have to be made_ . He always works hard. A. study B. to study C. studied D. studying6. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _. A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard 0.472007卷卷97.

15、 Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see8. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _. A. it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it9. _ late in the afte