高中英语非谓语动词经典用法讲解.doc

1、形式主动被动语态一=不定式一般式进行式完成式现在分词一般式完成式过去分词高中英语非谓语动词经典用法讲解非词(doing/to dO 作主语谓语动非谓语动词能用作主语的只有不定式和动名词，它们在这一用法上略有区别：1. 表示泛指或经常性的事情用动名词作主语；表示特指，个别的，具体的动作或表示将来的 意思时，只能用不定式作主语。 Swimmi ng is in teresti ng. To swim with mR good friend is interesting.2. 1不定式短语和动名词短语作主语时常用形式主语it引导。It is not easR to master a foreig n

2、 Ian guage 掌握一门外语不容易。2) 在 it is no good/ use / help/ point/ sense it is a waste -of,time doing.和 there is no 等句式 中，一般用动名词，不可用不定式代替。、 There is no use crRi ng over spilt milk.覆水难收。 It is no good writing to him; he never answers letters.Is there anR good trRi ng to eRplai n?解释会有用吗3不定式的复合结构常用“it + be +

3、adj. + fofof sb. +不定式的句式，其中不定式是真正的主语。 It is n ecessarR for us to do some more practice我 们必须多做一些练习。 It is reallR kind of Rou to saR so.你这样说真是太好了。假设主语和表语都是非谓语动词，应保持形式上的一致。See ing is believ ing. / To see is to believe.不定式、动名词作宾语用法要点一、下面动词只能用不定式作宾语，Decide / determ in e, lear n, want, eRpect / hope / wis

4、h, refuse, man age, care, prete nd, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask / beg, help afford, 例如： She prete nded not to see me whe n I passed bR. We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn t turned up Ret.二、以下动词只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记以下小诗： consider / suggest / advise, look forward to, eRcuse, pardon, admit

5、, delaR/ put off, fancR, avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practise, denR, finish, enjoR a/ ppreciate, can t help, mind, allow / permit,escape, imagine, forbid, risk 此外 be used to, look forward to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, paR attention to, can t stanc无法忍受),give up, feel like

6、, insist on, put off, thank Rou for, apologize for, be busR (in), have difficultR / trouble (in), have a good / wonderful /hard time /difficultR (in) 等动词词组也 要用动名词作宾语。 The squirrels was luckR that theR just missec being caught. I can harclR imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five caRs

7、. I woulc appreciate Rour calling back this afternoon.三、以下动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要 特别注意。1. forget to co sth. 忘记去做某事forget coing sth. 忘记已经做过某事remember to co sth. 记住去做某事remember coing sth. 记得曾经做过某事regret to co sth. 懊悔/遗憾去做某事regret coing sth. 懊悔做过某事stop to co sth. 停下来去做另一件事 stop coing sth.

8、停止做一件事情 trR to co sth. 努力 /试图做某事trR coing sth. 尝试着做某事mean to co sth. 意欲/想/企图做某事mean coing sth. 意味着做某事go on to do sth.做完某事)接着做另一件事 go on doing sth继续做同一件事(=go on with sth.) can t help to do sth不能帮助做某事can t help doing stlh青不自禁地做某事2动词 like, love, prefer 后接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。如表示经常性的行为可用动名词， 如表示具体的行为常用动词不定式。但要注

9、意：如果 like, love, prefer 前有 would /should 后面 那么应接动词不定式。如：I like swimming, but I don t like to swim this afternoon.I d like to go swimming this weekend.3在动词 allow, advise, forbid, permit 后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作 宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。即：allow / advise /forbid / permit doing sth.allow / advise /forbid / per

10、mit sb. to do sth.女口： We don t allow smoking hereWe don t allow students to smoke.4动词 need, require, want 作“需要解时，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式 作宾语， 表示事青需要做。 这时动名词的主动式表示被动意义。 be worth 后必须用动名词的主 动形式表示被动意义。此外， 假设动词 need 表“需要 ，require 表“要求 ，want 表“想要这些意 义时，其后须接名词或代词作宾语，然后接不定式作宾语补足语。即：need / require / want doin

11、g / to be doneneed / require / want sb. to do sth.be worth + n.(表示钱数或相当于钱数的名词)be worth doingbe worthR of being donebe worthR of + n.值得 be worthR to be done如:The window needs / requires / wants cleaning.The win dow n eeds / requires / wants to be clea ned.窗户需要擦一下。The place is worth visit in g./ The p

12、lace is worthR of a visit./ The place is worthR of being visited.The place is worthR to be visited 那个地方值得一去。女 口： onIR one of these books is worth readi ng. What do Rou think of the book ?Oh, eRcellent. It s worth reading a second time.四、动词不定式作动词 tell, show, understand, eRplain, teach, learn, advise,

13、 discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out等词的宾语时，前面常带 wh -引导词。即 how, what, whether, where, when, who等+ to do。但whR +不带to的不定式。注意此用法的不定式的逻辑主语需与主句的主语或宾语保持一致，否那么用宾语从句。例如：He showed us how to do the work. ( = He showed us how we should do the work.)I don t know what to do. ( = I don t know what I ll do.)Can R

14、ou tell me whR do it ?五、 动词不定式在介词but, other than后面时，如果介词之前有行为动词do的某种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带 to,否那么就要带to。另外在can t choose but, can t help but, car后 t but 面的不定式也要省略to。如：We could do nothing but / other tha n wait.We had no thi ng to do but / other tha n wait.We have no choice but to wait.I can t chodaui laugh.分词

15、、不定式作宾补用法要点分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别1 .感官动词 see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词 have 后面的宾补 有三种形式，即原形动词(不带to的不定式)、现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表主动或正 在进行，过去分词表被动或完成，动词原形表主动和完成。如：I heard her sing an En glish song just now刚刚我听见她唱了一首英文歌。I heard her singing an English song when I passed bR her room Rester

16、da昨天经过她房间时，我听 见她在唱英文歌。I heard the En glish song sung manR time我 屡次听到有人唱这首英文歌。注意：不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表完成和状态。如：I looked dow n at mR n eck and found mR n ecklace gone状态I was surprised to find mR hometow n cha nged so much.完成2. leave后接三种形式作宾补时，其中的leave是 使处于某种状态leave sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事宾语和宾补之间是主谓关系，表示动作正在进行

17、。leave sth. undone 留下某事未做宾语和宾补之间是动宾关系， 表示被动和完成， 一般以 undone,unfini shed, un settled, un touched 为多leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事leave sth. to be done留下某事要做不定式表示将来的动作。如：It s wrong of Rou to leave the machine runni你让机器一直开着是不对的主动，正在进 行The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because theR didn t taste

18、 delicious.客人们没有动大局部菜，因为它们尝起来不可口。被动，完成He left, leaving me to do all the rest work. 他走了，留下我一人去做剩余的工所有工作。主动，将来We hurriedlR ended our meeting, leaving manR problems to be settled. 我们匆匆忙忙地结束了会议，留下了很多问题等待解决。被动，将来3. have, get 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中 have, get 表示“使、让、叫 之意。 have sth. done = get sth. done使/让某事由别人去做叫/让

19、某人做某事。如I hllave /get mR bike repaired tomorrow.此外，have sth. done还表示 使遭受之意。如Tom had his leg broken while plaRing football.Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was awaR on holidaR. have sb. / sth. doing 使/让某人/物持续地做某事现在分词表示主动，正在进行get sb. / sth. doing 使某人 /物开始行动起来如： The peasants had the tractor

20、working daR and night at the harvest time. 农忙时，农民们让拖拉机夜以继日地干活。The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest. 休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进起来。注意：“have sb. doin假设用于否认句中，其中have有 容忍之意。如：I won t have Rou speaking to Rour parents like that.我不会让你那样子跟你的父母说话。Don t have the water running all

21、 the time不 要让水流个不停。 have sb. do sth. get sb. to do sth. 使/让/叫某人去做某事 如： Mother had me go to the shop and buR some salt.I can t get him to stop smokinHge. won t listen to me.二、以下动词后跟带to的不定式作补语：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, eRpect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, per

22、suade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish,等。如：eg.The teacher asked us not to make so much no ise.三、不定式、现在分词作宾补小窍门以下动词后在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作补语，但在被动语态中要加上to：它们是 吾看三室两厅一感觉 5 看look at, see, watch, notice, observe ； 3 使make, let, have； 2听listen to, hea； 1感觉fell 。以上动词还可用现在分词作宾语补足语5+3+2+1-2+4:即以上动词除

23、let, make外都可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，此外find, catch,keep, have也可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。如: At that time, I found him crRing in the street.He was caught stealing. I m sorrR to have kept Rou waiting for such a long time.The miss ing boRs were last see n plaR ing n ear the river.不定式、分词作状语用法要点一、不定式作状语目的，结果，原因状语He sat dow n to

24、have a rest.表目的TheR went there to visit their teacher.他们去那里拜访老师。表目的He woke up onIR / just to find everRbodR gone.他醒来发现大家都走了。表结果在某些形容词作表语，表示喜、怒、衷、乐后跟不定式表示原因。如：I am verR glad to see Rou.我非常快乐地见到你。I am so sorrR to hear Rour mother is ill.听到你母亲生病真遗憾。在带有enough或too的句子里，也常用不定式作状语，表示程度。如：He was too eRcited

25、not to saR a few words.He is old eno ugh to go to school.他至 U上学年龄了。She is too tired to do the job.她太累而不能做那件工作了。注意：强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to 为了或so as to 以便+动词原形。so as to不用于句首。He got up earlR in order to catch the first bus.他早起为了赶上第一班车。The bus stopped so as to pick up passe nger汽车停下来以便接纟内乘客。To

26、 tell Rou the truth, I have got no moneR about me.To be honest, I know nothing about it.修饰全句，独立成分 二、分词doing/done作状语1 分词作状语的根本原那么分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，否那么不能使用分词作状语。2 分词作状语的句法功能分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while或when引出。如：Heari ng the n ews, t

27、heR got eRcited.时间Be careful while / when crossing the street.时间Having been bitten bR a snake, she was frightened at it原因Give n a cha nee, I can surprise the world.条件The cup dropped to the ground, break ing into pieces 纟结果Having been told manR times, he still repeated the same mistake让步The teacher c

28、ame into the lab, followed bR some students伴随状况3 独立成分作状语有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：Gen erallR speak ing般说来 Fran klR speaki ng坦白地说Judgi ng from根据来判断Con sideri ng考虑到To tell Rou the truth 说实话不定式、分词作定语用法要点一、不定式作定语1. 不定式常作后置定语修饰抽象名词，常见的有：abilitR, cha nee, idea, fact, eRcuse, promise,answer, replR,

29、 attempt, belief, waR, reason, moment, time等。如：Do Rou have the abilitR to read and write En glish ?I have a cha nee to go sight-see ing.2. 用来修饰被序数词、最高级或 no, all, anR等限定的中心词。如：He was the best man to do the job.She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the OlRmpic Games.Women and children were

30、the first to get into the lifeboats.二、分词作定语1. 作定语的及物动词分词形式为：V -ng; being +过去分词；当被修饰的名词与分词为主动关系时，用V -ng ；当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表正在进行时，用being +过去分词；当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。例如：The houses being built are for the teachers.The broken glass is Tom s.I have n ever see n a more moving movie.2. 作定语的不及物动词分词形式为：V

31、-ng和过去分词。V -ng表示正在进行；过去分词表 示已经完成。如：falli ng leaves正落的叶子falle n leaves落下的叶子boiling water正沸腾的水boiled water沸腾过的水白开水三、不定式、过去分词和现在分词被动式作定语的区别这三种形式作定语，主要是表达在动作的发生时间上。过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示 的动作之前发生，或是没有一定的时间性。如：Have Rou read the no vel writte n bR Dicke ns ?He is a man loved and respected bR all.Don t use words

32、, eRpressi ons, or phrases known onIR to people with specific kno wledge.现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。如：Liste n ! The song being sung is verR popular with the stude nts.不定式的被动式作定语时，表示一个未来的动作。如: The question to be discussed at thtemorrow s meeting is a verR important one.非谓语动词其它用法四、注意以下表达的意

33、义区别falli ng leaves正在下落的树叶falle n leaves已经落下的树叶boiling water沸腾的水boiled water烧开过的水develop ing coun tries 开展中国家developed coun tries 兴旺国家I like swim ming, but I don t like to swim this after noon.Her job is giving pia no less ons to childre n, but this SundaR her job is to teach the childre n how to dan

34、 ce.The girl let out a frighte ned crR at the sight of the sn ake. (The girl was frighte ned.)看到蛇，女孩尖叫起来。His frighte ning shout scared the boRs aga in.The shout was frighte ning and the boRs felt frighte ned.他大吼一声把那帮男孩给吓跑了。类似的还有：an eRcit ing voice 令人兴奋的声音an eRcited voice 兴奋的声音a puzzling look令人迷惑不解的表

35、情a puzzled look困惑的表情试题(一)三、模拟单句演练(1) In those daRs we were forced work twelve hours a daR.(2) It verR difficult for a foreigner learn Chinese.(3) It was sillR of Rou believe what he said.(4) He was made wash thdooss car once a daR.(5) I let Rou to know as soon as I hear from her.(6) I waved to her b

36、ut failed attract her atte nti on.(7) I have alreadR see n the film twice. Id on want see it anR more.(8) What I want know is whe n all this happe ned.(9) It was clear that he wan ted be alone.(10) Most children are interested in listen to stories.(11) Walk quicklR is difficult for an old man.(13) B

37、e careful in cross the street.(14) The film is verR interesting. It is worth see twice.(15) Find work is verR difficult these daRs.(16) Most of us stude nts enjoR ask questi ons in En glish.(17) Look, some of mR classmates are practis ing speak En glish over there.(18) Teach a child to sing and danc

38、e is verR in teresti ng.(19) Learn to speak English is more difficult than to write it.(20) MR frie nd Jim is verR good at making things and repair thi ngs.(21) He decided to go to the south, find a good job and liv ing there.(22) It was verR kind of Rou to buR us some much fruit and seeing us at th

39、e station.(23) ERcuse me, would Rou to tell me the waR to the zoo?单句填空：用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。1. (walk) is a good form of eRercise for both Roung and old.全国)2. Eugenes never willing to alter anR of his opinions.lt nouse(argue) with him.3. Please rema in(seat); the winner of the prize will be announ ced soo

40、n.4. Can I smoke here?SorrR. Wedon allow(smoke) here.5. It is difficult to imag ine his(accept) the decisi on without anR con sideratio n.6. I can stand(work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses(stop) talkingwhile she works.7. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the build ings

41、 in the area n eed(repair).8. Susa n wan ted to be in depe ndent of her pare nts. She tried(live) alone, but shedid n tlike it and moved back home.湖南)9. Robert is in deed a wise man.Oh, Res. How ofte n I have regretted(not take) his advice 安徽)10. If Rou thi nk that treat ing a woma n well means alwa

42、Rs(get) her permissi on for thin gs,think aga in.11. At the beg inning of class, the no ise of desks(ope n and close) could be heard outside the classroom.全国)12. TheR are quiet,aren theR?Res. TheR are accustomed to(not talk) at meals江苏)17. Accordi ng to a rece nt U.S. surveR, childre n spe nd up to

43、25 hours a week(watch) TV18. I believe that thsbest waR to prevent such a thing from(happen) again全国)19. Did Rou have trouble in(find) the post office?全国)20. SandR could do nothing but(admit) to his teacher that he was wrong上海)21. I smell someth ing(bur n) in the kitche n. Can I call Rou back in a m

44、inu te?全国)22. Don leave the water(run) while Rou brush Rour teeth.天津)23. It was so cold that theR kept the fire(burn) all n ight.全国)24. The man agers discussed the pla n that theR would like to see(carrR) out the n eRt Rear.25. To lear n En glish well, we should find opport un ities to hear En glish(speak) as muchas we can.江苏)26. He is verR popular among his stude nts as he alwaRs tries to make them(in terest) inhis lectures.江苏)27. En ergR drinks are not allowed(make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zeala nd28. MR advisor en couraged me(take) a summer cour