职称英语综合类概括大意与完成句子汇总试卷

1、职称英语综合类概括大意与完成句子汇总试卷概括大意与完成句子题阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）前四题 要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）后四题 要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。一Even Intelligent People Can Fail1 The striking thing about the innovators who succeeded in making our modern world is how often they failed. Turn on a light, take a photograph,

2、watch TV, search the Web, jet across the Pacific Ocean, talk on a cell-phone （手机）. The innovators who left us these things had to find the way to success through a maze （错综复杂） of wrong turns.2 We have just celebrated the 125th anniversary of American innovator Thomas Edison's success in heating

3、a thin line to white-hot heat for 14 hours in his lab in New Jersey, US. He did that on October 22, 1879, and followed up a month later by keeping a thread of common cardboard alight （点亮着的） in an airless space for 45 hours. Three years later he went on to light up half a square mile of downtown Manh

4、attan, even though only one of the six power plants in his design worked when he turned it on, on September 4, 1882.3 "Many of life's failures," the supreme innovator said, "are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up." Before that magical

5、moment in October 1879, Edison had worked out no fewer than 3,000 theories about electric light, but in only two cases did his experiments work.4 No one likes failure, but the smart innovators learn from it. Mark Gumz, the head of the camera maker Olympus America Inc, attributes some of the company&

6、#39;s successes in technology to understanding failure. His popular phrase is: "You only fail when you quit."5 Over two centuries, the most common quality of the innovators has been persistence. That is another way of saying they had the emotional ability to keep up what they were doing. W

7、alt Disney, the founder of Disneyland, was so broke after a succession of financial failures that he was left shoeless in his office because he could not afford the US$1.50 to get his shoes from the repair shop. Pioneering car maker Henry Ford failed with one company and was forced out of another be

8、fore he developed the Model T car.6 Failure is harder to bear in today's open, accelerated world. Hardly any innovation works the first time. But an impatient society and the media want instant success. When American music and movie master David Geffen had a difficult time, a critic said nastily

9、 that the only difference between Geffen Records （Geffen's company） and the Titanic （the ship that went down） was that the Titanic had better music. Actually, it wasn't. After four years of losses, Geffen had so many hits （成功的作品） he could afford a ship as big as the Titanic all to himself.1

10、Paragraph 2_.2 Paragraph 3_.3 Paragraph 4_.4 Paragraph 5_.A Importance of learning from failureB Quality shared by most innovatorsC Edison's innovationD Edison's comment on failureE Contributions made by innovatorsF Miseries endured by innovators5 People often didn't realize how close th

11、ey were to success when_.6 Before Henry Ford eventually developed the Model T car,_.7 Walt Disney was once so poor that_.8 The media demand that_.A he developed 3,000 theoriesB he couldn't afford to buy a pair of shoesC he found himself an unsuccessful manD they quittedE an innovation should wor

12、k immediatelyF failure is the mother of success【参考答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. E二Estee Lauder Died1 The child of Central European immigrants who created an international cosmetics（化妆品） empire and became one of the most influential women in US, has died on Saturday. Estee Lauder died at h

13、er home in Manhattan, New York City, a company spokesman said. She was 97.2 Born in Queens, New York in 1908, Lauder was the daughter of a Hungarian mother and a Czech father.3 Lauder began her business career by selling skincare products developed by her uncle John Schotz, a chemist, to beauty salo

14、ns（美容院） and hotels. In 1930, she married Joseph Lauder who became her partner. The company, which became known as Estee Lauder, took off after World War II.4 In 1953, the company introduced its first perfume（香水）, Youth Dew, the first of a range of fragrances that has now grown to more than 70. they

15、include: Aramis, a line of products for men, launched in 1964; and Clinique, a range of odorless （无嗅的）cosmetics, which followed in 1968.5 By the time she retired in 1995, Lauder was presiding over a multibillion-dollar enterprise, which now ranks number 349 in the Fortune 500 list of largest US comp

16、anies. In 1998, she was the only woman to feature in Time magazine's selection of the 20 most important business geniuses of the last century. There were two secrets to her success: her gift for selling things and her tireless energy and determination never to accept second best.6 Even after her

17、 retirement at the age of 89, Lauder remained closely involved. Beauty, Lauder believed, was the most important thing in life.7 She wrote in her 1985 autobiography, "Estee, a Success Story": "In a perfect world, we'd all be judged on the sweetness of our souls. But in our less tha

18、n perfect world, the woman who looks pretty has a distinct advantage and, usually, the last word."1 Paragraph 2_.2 Paragraph 3_.3 Paragraph 4_.4 Paragraph 5_.A Early careerB ChildhoodC ProductsD RetirementE Cosmetics EmpressF Birth5 Lauder regarded beauty_.6 Lauder died_.7 Before marriage, she

19、sold products formulated_.8 After retirement, she continued to show her interest_.A at the age of 97B as the most important thing in lifeC by John SchotzD in 1908E in cosmeticsF on the sweetness of our souls【参考答案】1. F 2. A 3. C 4. E5. B 6. A 7. C 8. E三Keeping Cut Flowers1 While everybody enjoys fres

20、h cut flowers around their house, few people know how to keep them for as long as possible. This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts.2 An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature. For example, studies have shown that cut carnations （康乃馨） r

21、etain their freshness eight times longer when kept at 12 than when kept at 26. Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right temperatures is probably the most important aspect of flower care.3 Flowers are not intended by nature to live very long. Their biological purpose is simply to attract birds

22、or insects, such as bees, for pollination （授粉）. After that, they quickly dry up and die. The process by which flowers consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide （二氧化碳）, called respiration （呼吸）, generates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and color. The making of seeds also depe

23、nds on this energy. While all living things respire, flowers have a high level of respiration. A result of all this respiration is heat, and for flowers the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is very high. Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower. Thus the greater

24、 the level of respiration, the sooner the flower dies.4 How, then, to control the rate at which flowers die? By controlling respiration. How is respiration controlled? By controlling temperature. We know that respiration produces heat, but the reverse is also true. Thus by maintaining low temperatur

25、es, respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowly.5 Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water in which they are placed. Flowers find it difficult to "drink" water that is dirty or otherwise polluted. Even when water looks and smells clean, it

26、almost certainly contains harmful substances that can endanger the flowers. To rid the water of these unwanted substances, household chlorine bleach （漂白剂） can be used in small quantities. It is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach （at 4% solution） be added to each litre of water. The water a

27、nd solution should also be replaced each day.1 Paragraph 2_.2 Paragraph 3_.3 Paragraph 4_.4 Paragraph 5_.A Control of RespirationB Beauty of Fresh Cut FlowersC Role of RespirationD Most Important Aspect of Flower CareE Need for Clean WaterF Ways of Stopping Respiration5 A few simple facts will help

28、you keep cut flowers_.6 Respiration plays a key role_.7 The aging of cut flowers can be slowed down_.8 Another important way to prolong the life of cut flowers is_.A by keeping its original shape and colorB in the life of cut flowersC to produce carbon dioxideD for as long as possibleE by controllin

29、g temperatureF to replace the water and solution every day【参考答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. E5. D 6. B 7. E 8. F四Family Gardening1. The key to gardening with kids, says Patti Kraemer-Doell, Family garden coordinator at the new York Botanical Gardens, is “Letting them experience it themselves. We have tried to

30、 guide them, but not tell them to put the sunflowers here and the tomatoes there. The emphasis is on developing their imagination and their appreciation for being out in the garden.”2. Guidance comes in the form of a string grid that is stretched across a planting bed, which divides it into one-foot

31、 squares. Kids get advice about how many seeds or seedlings to put in each square and how deep to plant them. Volunteers show kids pictures of how the full-grown plants will look, so they understand how much room each plant needs.3. Theme gardens have been a big hit in the program, and are easy to d

32、o in a home garden. Try a barnyard garden, suggests Kraemer-Doell, using plants whose names have associations with barnyard animals-lambs ears, hen and chicks, and cowslip, for example. Let kids grow a salsa garden, with all sorts of tomatoes, hot peppers, onions, and cilantro. A pizza garden can ha

33、ve basil, oregano, and tomatoes, In a Persian carpet garden, kids can focus on colored flowers. A seed garden can include plants that disperse their seeds in different ways, from milkweed to sunflowers.4. Kraemer-Doell also suggests trying a sunflower house. Let kids plant sunflower seeds in a squar

34、e, leaving space for a door in front. As the sunflowers grow, put a hay fence around them for protection and stake if necessary. Plant morning glories or sweet peas around the base of each sunflower, and they will grow up the stems, eventually forming a roof over the top. By summers end, kids will h

35、ave a sunflower house to play in.5. Some kids might just want to play in the garden, says Kraemer-Doell. At the family garden, theres a special place set aside just for digging and looking at insects and worms. Its a very popular spot.1.Paragraph 1_2.Paragraph 2_3.Paragraph 3_4.Paragraph 4_A. Differ

36、ent Kinds of GardensB. Showing Kids the PicturesC. To Build a Sunflower HouseD. How to Plant Seeds or SeedlingsE. The Most Important Point in Family GardeningF. Kinds of Plants in a Home Garden5. Pictures of full-grown plants are provided_6. A barnyard garden will_7. When autumn comes, children can_

37、8. In a home garden, children should always be able to_A. Play games in the sunflower houseB. be planted in a salsa gardenC. include plants with animal namesD. for parents to use as a guideE. find their own playing sectionF. for children to refer to【参考答案】1. E 2. D 3. A 4. C5. F 6. C 7. A 8. E五Breaki

38、ng the News about Your Diagnosis1 When I was diagnosed with breast cancer nearly a year ago, I found myself at a loss for words at first. Over time, however, I developed some pointers (点子), which I hope will help others.2 During the first few weeks of emotional "aftershocks" (余悸) from the

39、diagnosis, I found myself unable to utter the word "cancer". Still, I wanted to share the news with my relatives and friends who already knew that I'd had a biopsy (活检) and were anxiously awaiting my telephone call. I did the best I could, which is all anyone can do in this situation.

40、When I called them, I said, "What we feared has happened." They immediately knew what I meant.3 Nearly a year after my diagnosis, I find myself more comfortable telling people "1 was diagnosed with cancer" instead of saying '"1 have cancer." On some deep level, I do

41、n't want to "own" this illness. Choose language that suits you when you share your news. And keep in mind that there is no one "right" way of doing this.4 Most people, after hearing your announcement, will be curious about the next step.They may wonder if you will be undergoi

42、ng radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy (化疗).They may wonder where and when you will have surgery. Answer their questions as best you can, but keep in mind that "1 don't know right now" or "I'm still in too much shock to think about that" are good answers.5 Wait until th

43、e initial wave of strong emotions has passed before telling the children in your life. Don't overwhelm (使不知所措) very young children with too much information. Assure them that, even if you will be in the hospital for a while, they will see you every day and they will be cared for. Older children

44、may already fear the word "cancer", so be prepared to reassure them. Emphasize the positive steps that doctors will be taking to treat your illness.1Paragraph 2_2Paragraph 3_3Paragraph 4_4Paragraph 5_A Break the news as calmly as possible to childrenB Break the news at your own paceC Share

45、 the good news with your friendsD Choose language that suits youE Follow your doctor's advice F Be prepared for people's curiosity5. You can break the news about your diagnosis without saying_.6When breaking the news about your diagnosis, you can have_.7. After hearing about your diagnosis,

46、people will ask questions_.8. Very young children won't feel comfortable_.A. your own choice of wordsB. the word "cancer"C. the positive stepsD. about the next stepE. on too many answers F. with too much information【参考答案】1. B 2. D 3. F 4. A5. B 6. A 7. D 8. F六How did English Become a G

47、lobal Language1.The rise of English is a remarkable tale as Professor David Crystal reminds us in his attractive，short book “English has a Global language.”2. It is certainly quite a theme. When Julius Caesar landed in Britain more than 2，000 years ago， English did not exist. Five hundred years late

48、r， English， virtually incomprehensible to modern ears， was probably spoken by about as few people as currently speak Cherokee， the language of a small North American Indian tribe-and with little influence. About 1，000 years later， at the end of the 16th century， and after the Norman Conquest， the Re

49、formation and the arrival of commercial printing technology， English was the native speech of between 5 million and 7 million people. And yet now look at it. As the second millennium approaches， English is more widely scattered， more widely spoken and written than any other language has never been.

50、In the title of the book， it has become a truly global language. According to David Crystal， about 2.09 billion people， well over one-third of the world s population are routinely exposed to it.3. As he rightly points out， what is impressive about this staggering figure is： “not so much the grand to

51、tal but the speed with which expansion has taken place since the 1950 s. In 1950， the case for English as a world language would have been no more than plausible. Fifty years on and the case is virtually won. ”4. So what happened?5. Someone once said that a language is a dialect with an army and a n

52、avy. In other words， when the British navy set out to conquer the world， is set out an “army” of English speakers. As the British empire spread throughout the world， English became the basis of law， commerce and education. The British empire was succeed by another(the American)， which shared virtual

53、ly the same linguistic heritage. American English， which has become the rocket-fuel of the English language， has magically found its way into areas undreamed of 40， let alone 400 years ago.6 The most valuable part of Crystal s study is the section devoted to a speedy analysis of the cultural basis o

54、f this global reach， notably the influence of broadcasting， press， advertising， popular music and film. He is also up-to-date and informative in his identification of the World-Wide-Web as a powerful reinforcer of American cultural and linguistic dominance.7. One of his most interesting passages con

55、cerns the role played by the League of Nations， and later the Untied Nations， in spreading English as an international language in the aftermath of the two world wars.8. What does the future hold? To this question， Crystal proposes the recognition of a new form of English-WSSE(world standard Spoken

56、English)-which almost by definition rules out the possibility that English would fragment into mutually unintelligible language as Latin once did. “English， in some shape or form， will find itself in the service of the world community forever，” Crystal writes.1. Paragraph 2_2. Paragraph 3_3. Paragra

57、ph 5_4. Paragraph 6_A The figure of EnglishBThe speed of the spread of EnglishC The role played by culture and the netD The role played by military expansionE The role played by educationF The 2，000 years of English5. The kind of English spoken 1，500 years ago was so different from the English we speak today_.6. What impresses people most is not the interesting number of speakers of English found all over the world， _ the language has spread in the past half century or s