标准电极电势表

1、标准电极电势表目录隐藏电极电势的产生 双电层理论 定义 公式 电极电势内容标准电极电势表 编辑本段电极电势的产生 双电层理论德国化学家能斯特（HWNernst）提出了双电层理论（electron double layer theory）解释电极电势的产生的原因。当金属放入溶液中时，一方面金属晶体中处于热运动的金属离子在极性水分子的作用下，离开金属表面进入溶液。金属性质越活泼，这种趋势就越大；另一方面溶液中的金属离子，由于受到金属表面电子的吸引，而在金属表面沉积，溶液中金属离子的浓度越大，这种趋势也越大。在一定浓度的溶液中达到平衡后，在金属和溶液两相界面上形成了一个带相反电荷的双电层(elect

2、ron double layer)，双电层的厚度虽然很小(约为10-8厘米数量级), 但却在金属和溶液之间产生了电势差。通常人们就把产生在金属和盐溶液之间的双电层间的电势差称为金属的电极电势（electrode potential），并以此描述电极得失电子能力的相对强弱。电极电势以符号E Mn+/ M表示, 单位为V(伏)。 如锌的电极电势以EZn2+/ Zn 表示, 铜的电极电势以ECu2+/Cu 表示。 电极电势的大小主要取决于电极的本性，并受温度、介质和离子 浓度等因素的影响。 编辑本段定义标准电极电势是可逆电极在标准状态及平衡态时的电势，也就是标准态时的电极电势.标准电极电势有很大的实

3、用价值，可用来判断氧化剂与还原剂的相对强弱，判断氧化还原反应的进行方向，计算原电池的电动势、反应自由能、平衡常数，计算其他半反应的标准电极电势，等等。将半反应按电极电势由低到高排序，可以得到标准电极电势表，可十分简明地判断氧还反应的方向. 编辑本段公式任何温度下标准氢电极的标准电极电势值都为0，但其他电极电势值会受到温度影响。以Ni/NiO电极为例，它可以用作高温伪参比电极，在0-400°C时的电极电势大致符合以下公式：E°(T)=-0.0003T+0.1414 ，T为温度 编辑本段电极电势内容1 在酸性溶液中 (298K) 电对 方程式 Eq/V Li(I)(0) Lie

4、Li 3.0401 Cs(I)(0) CseCs 3.026 Rb(I)(0) RbeRb 2.98 K(I)(0) KeK 2.931 Ba(II)(0) Ba22eBa 2.912 Sr(II)(0) Sr22eSr 2.89 Ca(II)(0) Ca22eCa 2.868 Na(I)(0) NaeNa 2.71 La(III)(0) La33eLa 2.379 Mg(II)(0) Mg22eMg 2.372 Ce(III)(0) Ce33eCe 2.336 H(0)(I) H2(g)2e2H 2.23 Al(III)(0) AlF633eAl6F 2.069 Th(IV)(0) Th44

5、eTh 1.899 Be(II)(0) Be22eBe 1.847 U(III)(0) U33eU 1.798 Hf(IV)(0) HfO22H4eHfH2O 1.724 Al(III)(0) Al33eAl 1.662 Ti(II)(0) Ti22eTi 1.630 Zr(IV)(0) ZrO24H4eZr2H2O 1.553 Si(IV)(0) SiF624eSi6F 1.24 Mn(II)(0) Mn22eMn 1.185 Cr(II)(0) Cr22eCr 0.913 Ti(III)(II) Ti3eTi2 0.9 B(III)(0) H3BO33H3eB3H2O 0.8698 *Ti

6、(IV)(0) TiO24H4eTi2H2O 0.86 Te(0)(II) Te2H2eH2Te 0.793 Zn(II)(0) Zn22eZn 0.7618 Ta(V)(0) Ta2O510H10e2Ta5H2O 0.750 Cr(III)(0) Cr33eCr 0.744 Nb(V)(0) Nb2O5l0H10e2Nb5H2O 0.644 As(0)(III) As3H3eAsH3 0.608 U(IV)(III) U4eU3 0.607 Ga(III)(0) Ga33eGa 0.549 P(I)(0) H3PO2HeP2H2O 0.508 P(III)(I) H3PO32H2eH3PO2

7、H2O 0.499 *C(IV)(III) 2CO22H2eH2C2O4 0.49 Fe(II)(0) Fe22eFe 0.447 Cr(III)(II) Cr3eCr2 0.407 Cd(II)(0) Cd22eCd 0.4030 Se(0)(II) Se2H2eH2Se(aq) 0.399 Pb(II)(0) PbI22ePb2I 0.365 Eu(III)(II) Eu3eEu2 0.36 Pb(II)(0) PbSO42ePbSO42 0.3588 In(III)(0) In33eIn 0.3382 Tl(I)(0) TleTl 0.336 Co(II)(0) Co22eCo 0.28

8、 P(V)(III) H3PO42H2eH3PO3H2O 0.276 Pb(II)(0) PbCl22ePb2Cl 0.2675 Ni (II)(0) Ni22eNi 0.257 V(III)(II) V3eV2 0.255 Ge(IV)(0) H2GeO34H4eGe3H2O 0.182 Ag(I)(0) AgIeAgI 0.15224 Sn(II)(0) Sn22eSn 0.1375 Pb(II)(0) Pb22ePb 0.1262 *C(IV)(II) CO2(g)2H2eCOH2O 0.12 P(0)(III) P(white)3H3ePH3(g) 0.063 Hg(I)(0) Hg2

9、I22e2Hg2I 0.0405 Fe(III)(0) Fe33eFe 0.037 H(I)(0) 2H2eH2 0.0000 Ag(I)(0) AgBreAgBr 0.07133 S(II.V)(II) S4O622e2S2O32 0.08 *Ti(IV)(III) TiO22HeTi3H2O 0.1 S(0)(II) S2H2eH2S(aq) 0.142 Sn(IV)(II) Sn42eSn2 0.151 Sb(III)(0) Sb2O36H6e2Sb3H2O 0.152 Cu(II)(I) Cu2eCu 0.153 Bi(III)(0) BiOCl2H3eBiClH2O 0.1583 S

10、(VI)(IV) SO424H2eH2SO3H2O 0.172 Sb(III)(0) SbO2H3eSbH2O 0.212 Ag(I)(0) AgCleAgCl 0.22233 As(III)(0) HAsO23H3eAs2H2O 0.248 Hg(I)(0) Hg2Cl22e2Hg2Cl(饱和KCl) 0.26808 Bi(III)(0) BiO2H3eBiH2O 0.320 U(VI)(IV) UO224H2eU42H2O 0.327 C(IV)(III) 2HCNO2H2e(CN)22H2O 0.330 V(IV)(III) VO22HeV3H2O 0.337 Cu(II)(0) Cu2

11、2eCu 0.3419 Re(VII)(0) ReO48H7eRe4H2O 0.368 Ag(I)(0) Ag2CrO42e2AgCrO42 0.4470 S(IV)(0) H2SO34H4eS3H2O 0.449 Cu(I)(0) CueCu 0.521 I(0)(I) I22e2I 0.5355 I(0)(I) I32e3I 0.536 As(V)(III) H3AsO42H2eHAsO22H2O 0.560 Sb(V)(III) Sb2O56H4e2SbO3H2O 0.581 Te(IV)(0) TeO24H4eTe2H2O 0.593 U(V)(IV) UO24HeU42H2O 0.6

12、12 *Hg(II)(I) 2HgCl22eHg2Cl22Cl 0.63 Pt(IV)(II) PtCl622ePtCl422Cl 0.68 O(0)(I) O22H2eH2O2 0.695 Pt(II)(0) PtCl422ePt4Cl 0.755 *Se(IV)(0) H2SeO34H4eSe3H2O 0.74 Fe(III)(II) Fe3eFe2 0.771 Hg(I)(0) Hg222e2Hg 0.7973 Ag(I)(0) AgeAg 0.7996 Os(VIII)(0) OsO48H8eOs4H2O 0.8 N(V)(IV) 2NO34H2eN2O42H2O 0.803 Hg(I

13、I)(0) Hg22eHg 0.851 Si(IV)(0) (quartz)SiO24H4eSi2H2O 0.857 Cu(II)(I) Cu2IeCuI 0.86 N(III)(I) 2HNO24H4eH2N2O22H2O 0.86 Hg(II)(I) 2Hg22eHg22 0.920 N(V)(III) NO33H2eHNO2H2O 0.934 Pd(II)(0) Pd22ePd 0.951 N(V)(II) NO34H3eNO2H2O 0.957 N(III)(II) HNO2HeNOH2O 0.983 I(I)(I) HIOH2eIH2O 0.987 V(V)(IV) VO22HeVO

14、2H2O 0.991 V(V)(IV) V(OH)42HeVO23H2O 1.00 Au(III)(0) AuCl43eAu4Cl 1.002 Te(VI)(IV) H6TeO62H2eTeO24H2O 1.02 N(IV)(II) N2O44H4e2NO2H2O 1.035 N(IV)(III) N2O42H2e2HNO2 1.065 I(V)(I) IO36H6eI3H2O 1.085 Br(0)(I) Br2(aq)2e2Br 1.0873 Se(VI)(IV) SeO424H2eH2SeO3H2O 1.151 Cl(V)(IV) ClO32HeClO2H2O 1.152 Pt(II)(

15、0) Pt22ePt 1.18 Cl(VII)(V) ClO42H2eClO3H2O 1.189 I(V)(0) 2IO312H10eI26H2O 1.195 Cl(V)(III) ClO33H2eHClO2H2O 1.214 Mn(IV)(II) MnO24H2eMn22H2O 1.224 O(0)(II) O24H4e2H2O 1.229 Tl(III)(I) T132eTl 1.252 Cl(IV)(III) ClO2HeHClO2 1.277 N(III)(I) 2HNO24H4eN2O3H2O 1.297 *Cr(VI)(III) Cr2O7214H6e2Cr37H2O 1.33 B

16、r(I)(I) HBrOH2eBrH2O 1.331 Cr(VI)(III) HCrO47H3eCr34H2O 1.350 Cl(0)(I) Cl2(g)2e2Cl 1.35827 Cl(VII)(I) ClO48H8eCl4H2O 1.389 Cl(VII)(0) ClO48H7e1/2Cl24H2O 1.39 Au(III)(I) Au32eAu 1.401 Br(V)(I) BrO36H6eBr3H2O 1.423 I(I)(0) 2HIO2H2eI22H2O 1.439 Cl(V)(I) ClO36H6eCl3H2O 1.451 Pb(IV)(II) PbO24H2ePb22H2O 1

17、.455 Cl(V)(0) ClO36H5e1/2Cl23H2O 1.47 Cl(I)(I) HClOH2eClH2O 1.482 Br(V)(0) BrO36H5el/2Br23H2O 1.482 Au(III)(0) Au33eAu 1.498 Mn(VII)(II) MnO48H5eMn24H2O 1.507 Mn(III)(II) Mn3eMn2 1.5415 Cl(III)(I) HClO23H4eCl2H2O 1.570 Br(I)(0) HBrOHel/2Br2(aq)H2O 1.574 N(II)(I) 2NO2H2eN2OH2O 1.591 I(VII)(V) H5IO6H2

18、eIO33H2O 1.601 Cl(I)(0) HClOHe1/2Cl2H2O 1.611 Cl(III)(I) HClO22H2eHClOH2O 1.645 Ni(IV)(II) NiO24H2eNi22H2O 1.678 Mn(VII)(IV) MnO44H3eMnO22H2O 1.679 Pb(IV)(II) PbO2SO424H2ePbSO42H2O 1.6913 Au(I)(0) AueAu 1.692 Ce(IV)(III) Ce4eCe3 1.72 N(I)(0) N2O2H2eN2H2O 1.766 O(I)(II) H2O22H2e2H2O 1.776 Co(III)(II)

19、 Co3eCo2(2mol·L1 H2SO4) 1.83 Ag(II)(I) Ag2eAg 1.980 S(VII)(VI) S2O822e2SO42 2.010 O(0)(II) O32H2eO2H2O 2.076 O(II)(II) F2O2H4eH2O2F 2.153 Fe(VI)(III) FeO428H3eFe34H2O 2.20 O(0)(II) O(g)2H2eH2O 2.421 F(0)(I) F22e2F 2.866 F22H2e2HF 3.053 2 在碱性溶液中 (298K) 电对 方程式 Eq/V Ca(II)(0) Ca(OH)22eCa2OH 3.02 B

20、a(II)(0) Ba(OH)22eBa2OH 2.99 La(III)(0) La(OH)33eLa3OH 2.90 Sr(II)(0) Sr(OH)2·8H2O2eSr2OH8H2O 2.88 Mg(II)(0) Mg(OH)22eMg2OH 2.690 Be(II)(0) Be2O323H2O4e2Be6OH 2.63 Hf(IV)(0) HfO(OH)2H2O4eHf4OH 2.50 Zr(IV)(0) H2ZrO3H2O4eZr4OH 2.36 Al(III)(0) H2AlO3H2O3eAlOH 2.33 P(I)(0) H2PO2eP2OH 1.82 B(III)(0)

21、 H2BO3H2O3eB4OH 1.79 P(III)(0) HPO322H2O3eP5OH 1.71 Si(IV)(0) SiO323H2O4eSi6OH 1.697 P(III)(I) HPO322H2O2eH2PO23OH 1.65 Mn(II)(0) Mn(OH)22eMn2OH 1.56 Cr(III)(0) Cr(OH)33eCr3OH 1.48 *Zn(II)(0) Zn(CN)422eZn4CN 1.26 Zn(II)(0) Zn(OH)22eZn2OH 1.249 Ga(III)(0) H2GaO3H2O2eGa4OH 1.219 Zn(II)(0) ZnO222H2O2eZ

22、n4OH 1.215 Cr(III)(0) CrO22H2O3eCr4OH 1.2 Te(0)(I) Te2eTe2 1.143 P(V)(III) PO432H2O2eHPO323OH 1.05 *Zn(II)(0) Zn(NH3)422eZn4NH3 1.04 *W(VI)(0) WO424H2O6eW8OH 1.01 *Ge(IV)(0) HGeO32H2O4eGe5OH 1.0 Sn(IV)(II) Sn(OH)622eHSnO2H2O3OH 0.93 S(VI)(IV) SO42H2O2eSO322OH 0.93 Se(0)(II) Se2eSe2 0.924 Sn(II)(0) H

23、SnO2H2O2eSn3OH 0.909 P(0)(III) P3H2O3ePH3(g)3OH 0.87 N(V)(IV) 2NO32H2O2eN2O44OH 0.85 H(I)(0) 2H2O2eH22OH 0.8277 Cd(II)(0) Cd(OH)22eCd(Hg)2OH 0.809 Co(II)(0) Co(OH)22eCo2OH 0.73 Ni(II)(0) Ni(OH)22eNi2OH 0.72 As(V)(III) AsO432H2O2eAsO24OH 0.71 Ag(I)(0) Ag2S2e2AgS2 0.691 As(III)(0) AsO22H2O3eAs4OH 0.68

24、 Sb(III)(0) SbO22H2O3eSb4OH 0.66 *Re(VII)(IV) ReO42H2O3eReO24OH 0.59 *Sb(V)(III) SbO3H2O2eSbO22OH 0.59 Re(VII)(0) ReO44H2O7eRe8OH 0.584 *S(IV)(II) 2SO323H2O4eS2O326OH 0.58 Te(IV)(0) TeO323H2O4eTe6OH 0.57 Fe(III)(II) Fe(OH)3eFe(OH)2OH 0.56 S(0)(II) S2eS2 0.47627 Bi(III)(0) Bi2O33H2O6e2Bi6OH 0.46 N(II

25、I)(II) NO2H2OeNO2OH 0.46 *Co(II)C(0) Co(NH3)622eCo6NH3 0.422 Se(IV)(0) SeO323H2O4eSe6OH 0.366 Cu(I)(0) Cu2OH2O2e2Cu2OH 0.360 Tl(I)(0) Tl(OH)eTlOH 0.34 *Ag(I)(0) Ag(CN)2eAg2CN 0.31 Cu(II)(0) Cu(OH)22eCu2OH 0.222 Cr(VI)(III) CrO424H2O3eCr(OH)35OH 0.13 *Cu(I)(0) Cu(NH3)2eCu2NH3 0.12 O(0)(I) O2H2O2eHO2O

26、H 0.076 Ag(I)(0) AgCNeAgCN 0.017 N(V)(III) NO3H2O2eNO22OH 0.01 Se(VI)(IV) SeO42H2O2eSeO322OH 0.05 Pd(II)(0) Pd(OH)22ePd2OH 0.07 S(II,V)(II) S4O622e2S2O32 0.08 Hg(II)(0) HgOH2O2eHg2OH 0.0977 Co(III)(II) Co(NH3)63eCo(NH3)62 0.108 Pt(II)(0) Pt(OH)22ePt2OH 0.14 Co(III)(II) Co(OH)3eCo(OH)2OH 0.17 Pb(IV)(

27、II) PbO2H2O2ePbO2OH 0.247 I(V)(I) IO33H2O6eI6OH 0.26 Cl(V)(III) ClO3H2O2eClO22OH 0.33 Ag(I)(0) Ag2OH2O2e2Ag2OH 0.342 Fe(III)(II) Fe(CN)63eFe(CN)64 0.358 Cl(VII)(V) ClO4H2O2eClO32OH 0.36 *Ag(I)(0) Ag(NH3)2eAg2NH3 0.373 O(0)(II) O22H2O4e4OH 0.401 I(I)(I) IOH2O2eI2OH 0.485 *Ni(IV)(II) NiO22H2O2eNi(OH)2

28、2OH 0.490 Mn(VII)(VI) MnO4eMnO42 0.558 Mn(VII)(IV) MnO42H2O3eMnO24OH 0.595 Mn(VI)(IV) MnO422H2O2eMnO24OH 0.60 Ag(II)(I) 2AgOH2O2eAg2O2OH 0.607 Br(V)(I) BrO33H2O6eBr6OH 0.61 Cl(V)(I) ClO33H2O6eCl6OH 0.62 Cl(III)(I) ClO2H2O2eClO2OH 0.66 I(VII)(V) H3IO622eIO33OH 0.7 Cl(III)(I) ClO22H2O4eCl4OH 0.76 Br(I

29、)(I) BrOH2O2eBr2OH 0.761 Cl(I)(I) ClOH2O2eCl2OH 0.841 *Cl(IV)(III) ClO2(g)eClO2 0.95 O(0)(II) O3H2O2eO22OH 1.24 标准电极电势表半反应 E° (V) 来源 & -9 Zz 9 N N2(g) + H+ + e HN3(aq) -3.09 6 Li+ + e Li(s) -3.0401 5 N2(g) + 4H2O + 2e 2NH2OH(aq) + 2OH -3.04 6 Cs+ + e Cs(s) -3.026 5 Rb+ + e Rb(s) -2.98 4 K+

30、+ e K(s) -2.931 5 Ba2+ + 2e Ba(s) -2.912 5 La(OH)3(s) + 3e La(s) + 3OH -2.90 5 Sr2+ + 2e Sr(s) -2.899 5 Ca2+ + 2e Ca(s) -2.868 5 Eu2+ + 2e Eu(s) -2.812 5 Ra2+ + 2e Ra(s) -2.8 5 Na+ + e Na(s) -2.71 59 La3+ + 3e La(s) -2.379 5 Y3+ + 3e Y(s) -2.372 5 Mg2+ + 2e Mg(s) -2.372 5 ZrO(OH)2(s) + H2O + 4e Zr(s

31、) + 4OH -2.36 5 Al(OH)4 + 3e Al(s) + 4OH -2.33 Al(OH)3(s) + 3e Al(s) + 3OH -2.31 H2(g) + 2e 2H -2.25 Ac3+ + 3e Ac(s) -2.20 Be2+ + 2e Be(s) -1.85 U3+ + 3e U(s) -1.66 7 Al3+ + 3e Al(s) -1.66 9 Ti2+ + 2e Ti(s) -1.63 9 ZrO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e Zr(s) + 2H2O -1.553 5 Zr4+ + 4e Zr(s) -1.45 5 TiO(s) + 2H+ + 2e Ti

32、(s) + H2O -1.31 Ti2O3(s) + 2H+ + 2e 2TiO(s) + H2O -1.23 Ti3+ + 3e Ti(s) -1.21 Te(s) + 2e Te2 -1.143 2 V2+ + 2e V(s) -1.13 2 Nb3+ + 3e Nb(s) -1.099 Sn(s) + 4H+ + 4e SnH4(g) -1.07 Mn2+ + 2e Mn(s) -1.029 9 SiO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e Si(s) + 2H2O -0.91 B(OH)3(aq) + 3H+ + 3e B(s) + 3H2O -0.89 TiO2+ + 2H+ + 4e Ti

33、(s) + H2O -0.86 Bi(s) + 3H+ + 3e BiH3 -0.8 H2H2O + 2e H2(g) + 2OH -0.8277 5 Zn2+ + 2e Zn(Hg) -0.7628 5 Zn2+ + 2e Zn(s) -0.7618 5 Ta2O5(s) + 10H+ + 10e 2Ta(s) + 5H2O -0.75 Cr3+ + 3e Cr(s) -0.74 AuAu(CN)2 + e Au(s) + 2CN -0.60 Ta3+ + 3e Ta(s) -0.6 PbO(s) + H2O + 2e Pb(s) + 2OH -0.58 Ti2TiO2(s) + 2H+ +

34、 2e Ti2O3(s) + H2O -0.56 Ga3+ + 3e Ga(s) -0.53 U4+ + e U3+ -0.52 7 P H3PO2(aq) + H+ + e P(白磷10) + 2H2O -0.508 5 P H3PO3(aq) + 2H+ + 2e H3PO2(aq) + H2O -0.499 5 P H3PO3(aq) + 3H+ + 3e P(红磷)10 + 3H2O -0.454 5 Fe2+ + 2e Fe(s) -0.44 9 C2CO2(g) + 2H+ + 2e HOOCCOOH(aq) -0.43 Cr3+ + e Cr2+ -0.42 Cd2+ + 2e

35、Cd(s) -0.40 9 GeO2(s) + 2H+ + 2e GeO(s) + H2O -0.37 Cu2O(s) + H2O + 2e 2Cu(s) + 2OH -0.360 5 PbSO4(s) + 2e Pb(s) + SO42 -0.3588 5 PbSO4(s) + 2e Pb(Hg) + SO42 -0.3505 5 Eu3+ + e Eu2+ -0.35 7 In3+ + 3e In(s) 0.34 2 Tl+ + e Tl(s) -0.34 2 Ge(s) + 4H+ + 4e GeH4(g) -0.29 Co2+ + 2e Co(s) -0.28 5 P H3PO4(aq

36、) + 2H+ + 2e H3PO3(aq) + H2O -0.276 5 V3+ + e V2+ 0.26 9 Ni2+ + 2e Ni(s) -0.25 As(s) + 3H+ + 3e AsH3(g) -0.23 2 MoO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e Mo(s) + 2H2O -0.15 Si(s) + 4H+ + 4e SiH4(g) -0.14 Sn2+ + 2e Sn(s) -0.13 O2(g) + H+ + e HO2(aq) -0.13 Pb2+ + 2e Pb(s) -0.13 9 WO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e W(s) + 2H2O -0.12 P(红磷) +

37、3H+ + 3e PH3(g) -0.111 5 C CO2(g) + 2H+ + 2e HCOOH(aq) -0.11 Se(s) + 2H+ + 2e H2Se(g) -0.11 C CO2(g) + 2H+ + 2e CO(g) + H2O -0.11 SnO(s) + 2H+ + 2e Sn(s) + H2O -0.10 SnO2(s) + 2H+ + 2e SnO(s) + H2O -0.09 WO3(aq) + 6H+ + 6e W(s) + 3H2O -0.09 2 P(白磷) + 3H+ + 3e PH3(g) -0.063 5 C HCOOH(aq) + 2H+ + 2e H

38、CHO(aq) + H2O -0.03 H 2H+ + 2e H2(g) 0 S4O62 + 2e 2S2O32 +0.08 Fe3O4(s) + 8H+ + 8e 3Fe(s) + 4H2O +0.085 8 N2(g) + 2H2O + 6H+ + 6e 2NH4OH(aq) +0.092 HgO(s) + H2O + 2e Hg(l) + 2OH +0.0977 Cu(NH3)42+ + e Cu(NH3)2+ + 2NH3 +0.10 2 Ru(NH3)63+ + e Ru(NH3)62+ +0.10 7 N2H4(aq) + 4H2O + 2e 2NH4+ + 4OH +0.11 6

39、 Mo H2MoO4(aq) + 6H+ + 6e Mo(s) + 4H2O +0.11 Ge4+ + 4e Ge(s) +0.12 C(s) + 4H+ + 4e CH4(g) +0.13 2 C HCHO(aq) + 2H+ + 2e CH3OH(aq) +0.13 S(s) + 2H+ + 2e H2S(g) +0.14 Sn4+ + 2e Sn2+ +0.15 Cu2+ + e Cu+ +0.159 2 S HSO4 + 3H+ + 2e SO2(aq) + 2H2O +0.16 UO22+ + e UO2+ +0.163 7 S SO42 + 4H+ + 2e SO2(aq) + 2

40、H2O +0.17 TiO2+ + 2H+ + e Ti3+ + H2O +0.19 Bi3+ + 2e Bi+ +0.2 SbO+ + 2H+ + 3e Sb(s) + H2O +0.20 As H3AsO3(aq) + 3H+ + 3e As(s) + 3H2O +0.24 GeO(s) + 2H+ + 2e Ge(s) + H2O +0.26 UO2+ + 4H+ + e U4+ + 2H2O +0.273 7 Re3+ + 3e Re(s) +0.300 Bi3+ + 3e Bi(s) +0.32 VO2+ + 2H+ + e V3+ + H2O +0.34 Cu2+ + 2e Cu(

41、s) +0.340 2 Fe Fe(CN)63 + e Fe(CN)64 +0.36 O2(g) + 2H2O + 4e 4OH(aq) +0.40 9 Mo H2MoO4 + 6H+ + 3e Mo3+ + 2H2O +0.43 Bi+ + e Bi(s) +0.50 C CH3OH(aq) + 2H+ + 2e CH4(g) + H2O +0.50 S SO2(aq) + 4H+ + 4e S(s) + 2H2O +0.50 Cu+ + e Cu(s) +0.520 2 C CO(g) + 2H+ + 2e C(s) + H2O +0.52 I2(s) + 2e 2I +0.54 9 I3

42、 + 2e 3I +0.53 9 Au AuI4 + 3e Au(s) + 4I +0.56 As H3AsO4(aq) + 2H+ + 2e H3AsO3(aq) + H2O +0.56 Au AuI2 + e Au(s) + 2I +0.58 MnO4 + 2H2O + 3e MnO2(s) + 4OH +0.59 S2O32 + 6H+ + 4e 2S(s) + 3H2O +0.60 Mo H2MoO4(aq) + 2H+ + 2e MoO2(s) + 2H2O +0.65 O2(g) + 2H+ + 2e H2O2(aq) +0.70 Tl3+ + 3e Tl(s) +0.72 PtC

43、l62 + 2e PtCl42 + 2Cl +0.726 7 Se H2SeO3(aq) + 4H+ + 4e Se(s) + 3H2O +0.74 PtCl42 + 2e Pt(s) + 4Cl +0.758 7 Fe3+ + e Fe2+ +0.77 Ag+ + e Ag(s) +0.7996 5 Hg22+ + 2e 2Hg(l) +0.80 N NO3(aq) + 2H+ + e NO2(g) + H2O +0.80 Au AuBr4 + 3e Au(s) + 4Br +0.85 Hg2+ + 2e Hg(l) +0.85 MnO4 + H+ + e HMnO4 +0.90 Hg 2Hg2+ + 2e Hg22+ +0.91 2 Pd2+ + 2e Pd(s) +0.915 7 Au AuCl4 + 3e Au(s) + 4Cl +0.93 MnO2(s) + 4H+ + e Mn3+ + 2H2O +0.95 Au AuBr2 + e Au(s) + 2Br +0.96 Br2(l) + 2e 2Br +1.07 Br2(aq) + 2e