2021年新高考英语语法突破课件：定语从句

1、第二讲定语从句_ 感悟高考明确考向练負题，明考同，高效调关r语法填空【典题试做】1. （2019 全国卷n）Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop inMacclesfield, which she ope ned with her late husba nd Les.2. （2019 全国卷 in ）They were well trained by their masters who had great experienee with caring for these ani mals.3. （2018 全

2、国卷I）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014that/which showed a mere five to 10 minu tes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and earlydeaths from all causes.4. （2018 全国卷n）The Ch in ese Mi nistry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 whe n thegovernment sta

3、rted a soil- testing program that/which gives specific fertilizer recommendations tofarmers and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.5. （2017 全国卷I）Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both , which is not good forthe health.6. （2017 全国卷n）But Sarah, who has taken part in shows

4、 along with top models, wants toprove that she has brains as well as beaut y.定语从句是近几年高考的考查热点，主要考查：1 .关系代词 that, which, who, as 以及关系副词 when, where 的正确使用；2.“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时介词或关系代词的选用等。短文改错【典题试做】1. （2019 全国卷I）One after noon where I was in primary school, I was walk ing by the schoolplayground. whereTwh

5、en2. （2019 全国卷n）ln the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environmentwhat is created for them. whatTthat/which3. （2018 全国卷I）They also had a small pond which they raised fish. 在 which 前加介词in 或 whichTwhere4.（2017 全国卷n） ln their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetable

6、s in their garden,that is on the rooftop of their house. thatTwhich5.（2017 全国卷 in ）Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in mylife at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. they that/which1.关系代词与关系副词的错用；2.that 与 which 的错用；3关系代词或关系副词的缺失或误用。一_.考点突破针对提能_ 二明垮点，攻甫难，有

7、效蛊升r考点一关系代词引导的定语从句1.关系代词及其用法关系代词用法who用于指人，在从句中作主语或宾语whom用于指人，在从句中作宾语，可用 who 代替；若从句中的介词提到关 系代词前，只能用 whom 直接跟在介词后作宾语，不可用who 代替which用于指物，在从句中作主语或宾语that既可指人又可指物，指人时通常可与who, whom 互换，指物时通常可与 which 互换。在从句中作主语、兵语或表语whose表示所属关系，既可指人又可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which ; 指人时相当于 of whomas弓 1 导限制性定语从句，作关系代词，既可指人又可指物，在从句

8、中作 主语、宾语、表语。弓 1 导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句，意 为“正如；像”2.关系代词的用法区别关系代词 that和 which 的用法区别只用 that 的情况先行词是 all, few, little, much, something,anything.nothing 等不定代词时先行词被 the only, the very, the same, all 等修饰时先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时先行词既有人又有物时只用 which 的情况引导非限制性定语从句时关系代词指物，且前有介词时关系代词 as 和which 的用法区别as 引导非限制性定语从

9、句，可放在主句前、中、后，as 常译为“正如，正像. 。从句的谓语动词多为see, know, expect, say, men ti on, report等which 引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常 译为这一点，这件事等，which 引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系（2018 北京卷）She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them keep fit.她和她的家人骑自行车上班，这有助于他们保持健康。（2017 北京卷）The little problems that we meet in our da

10、ily lives may be inspirations for great inve ntio ns.在日常生活中我们遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。（2017 天津卷）My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at themome nt.我的大儿子的工作需要他奔波于世界各地，他现在在纽约。（重庆卷）we lreach the sales targets in a month which /that we set at the beginning of the year.我们将在一个月

11、内达到年初所定的销售目标。（江苏卷）The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 正如报道的那样，烟民的数量仅在一年内就已经下降了17%。名师点津（1）whom, which, that 在从句中作宾语时可省略；但介词提前时不能省略，也不能用 that;（2）as 用在限制性定语从句中时， 常用于下列句式： such+名词+ as（像一样的，像.之类的）;the same+名词+ as（和.同样的）。Such machines as are used in our works

12、hop are made in China.像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词用法whe n指时间，在从句中作时间状语，相当于“表时间的介词(in, at,on, during 等)+ which”where指地点，在从句中作地点状语，相当于表地点的介词(in, at, on,under 等)+ which ”why指原因，在从句中作原因状语，相当于for + which（天津卷）The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.完全靠体力谋生的时代已经一去不

13、复返了。（福建卷） Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experienee for growth.学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。Do you know the reason why he didn attend the meeting yesterday?你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？名师点津当先行词为 situation, case, stage, point 等，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，也要用关 系副词where 引导。(2019

14、 天津卷)Their child is at the stage where she can say in dividual words but not full sentences.他们的孩子处于能说一些个别的单词但不能说完整句子的阶段。考点三“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句1.介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句。其中关系代词只能用which 和 whom , 且不能省略。(安徽卷)Some experts think readi ng is the fun dame ntal skillupon which school educati ondepe nds.一些专家认为阅读是学校教育

15、所依赖的基本技能。2.the+名词+ of which/whom ”结构引导的定语从句。这类定语从句一般为非限制性定语从句，且该结构中的名词和后面的关系代词为所属关系。(江苏卷)The newly- built caf , the walls of which(=whose walls) are pain ted light gree n, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.这家新建成的咖啡馆的墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，这真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。when/where ;如果从句中缺少的

16、是主语或宾语，则用that/which。3.“表示全部或部分的词语+of which/whom ”结构引导的定语从句。常见的表示部分的词或结构有：不定代词（all, both, none, some, most 等）；数词（基数词、序数词、百分数、分数、several 等）；the+形容词的比较级/最高级。（浙江卷）Scientists have advaneed many theories about why human beings cry tears, none ofwhich has been proved.科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论 尚未得到证实。（江

17、苏卷）Many young people, most of whom were well- educated, headed for remote regions tochase their dreams.很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。4. “介词+ which +名词”结构引导的定语从句。常见的类似结构：duri ng which time在此期间at which time在这时at which poi nt在这一时刻for which reason由于这个原因in which case在这一情况下（辽宁卷）He may win the competi

18、tion, in which case he is likely to get into the national team. 他可能会赢得这场比赛，如果这样的话他就可能进入国家队。名师点津“复合介词短语+ which ”结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree.他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一棵又大又高的树。_ J解题指导融类旁通寻方进，床策皐幄“套“缺什么，补什么”，准确选用关系词1.如果先行词指人，且定语从句中缺少主语，限制性定语从句中用w

19、ho/that，非限制 性定语从句中用 who。2.如果先行词指人，且定语从句中缺少宾语，限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom，非限制性定语从句中用 whomo3.如果先行词指物，且定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，限制性定语从句中用which/that,非限制性定语从句中用which。4. 如果先行词指时间或地点，且定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语，定语从句中用5 不论先行词指人还是物，只要关系词在定语从句中作定语就用whose。6 如果先行词指人，“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中的关系词用whom ;如果先行词指物，“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中的关系词用which。_ J跟

20、踪检测*迁移应用堀摸拥，媒规范，夯基握能I单句语法填空1 （2020 太原期中）ln the past few years, more than half of the bookstores in China have closeddow n, which is the result of the competiti on with on li ne bookstores.2. （2020 保定摸底 ）For instanee, in Lima, the capital of Peru, there are more than 50 Chinesemedici ne cli nics, abo

21、ut 70 perce nt of which were set up by local doctors.3. （2020 天津河西质量调研 ）This was returned because the person to whom this letter wasaddressed had died three years ago.4. （2020 大连双基测试）The 55-km Hong Kong- Zhuhai- Macao Bridge, which was opened onOct.24, 2018, connects Guangdong Province with China tw

22、o special administrative regions, HongKong and Macao.5. （2020 陕西汉中一模）Our office wasntr from Chinatown, where I found some very good Chinese restaura nts.6. （2020 大庆一中二模 ）As more and more people own private cars, parking has become a bigheadache for many car owners, especially for those who live in d

23、owntown areas without eno ugh parking spaces.7. （2020 齐齐哈尔一模 ）The video, whose len gth was just 7 sec on ds, has bee n viewed morethan 19 milli on times in just two days.8. （2020 衢州模拟 ）He decided to go to Stanford because there were many opportunities forpeople who/that wan ted to work in Silic on V

24、alley.9. （2020 烟台期末 ）His interest started a few years ago, when he was in college and studyingwildlife scie nee.10. （2020 河北一模 ）He wrote a letter where he explained what had happened in the accident.and find out activities that are going on. 第一个wheren.单句改错1. （2020 福建龙岩质检 ）This is such a place that a

25、ll the people across the world are dreamingof visiting. thatas 或在 visiting 后力口 it2. （2020 吉林省重点中学联考）One day, I picked up a book, that was about seven habits ofhighly successful tee nagers. that which3. （2020 包头二模 ）lt has also been a social center that we can connect with other children4.（2020 咸阳模拟）Later we reached our