英语四级阅读提分练习及答案

1、英语四级阅读提分练习及答案Itiswellknownthatwhenanindividualjoinsagrouphetendstoacceptthegroup*sstandardsofbehaviorandthinking.Manyillustrations例证couldbegivenofthisfromeverydaylife,butwhatisofparticularinteresttopsychologistsistheextenttowhichpeople'sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.As

2、chandothersnoticedthatpeopleinagroupwillagreetostatementsthatarecontrarytotheevidenceoftheirsenses.Itwouldbeamistaketothinkthatonlyparticularchangeablepeoplearechosentotakepartinexperimentsofthistype.Usuallyhighlyintelligentandindependentpeopleareused.Inatypicalexperiment,thisiswhatmayhappen.Theexpe

3、rimenterasksforvolunteerstojoinagroupwhichisinvestigatingvisualperception.Thevictimsarenot,therefore,awareoftherealpurposeoftheexperiment.Eachvolunteeristakentoaroomwherehefindsagroupofaboutsevenpeoplewhoarecollaborating合作withtheexperimenter.Thegroupisshownastandardcardwhichcontainsasingleline.Theya

4、rethenaskedtolookatasecondcard.Thishasthreelinesonit.Oneisobviouslylongerthanthelineonthefirstcard,oneisshorterandonethesamelength.Theyhavetosaywhichlineonthesecondcardisthesamelengthasthelineonthestandardcard.Theothermembersofthegroupanswerfirstbutwhatthevolunteerdoesnotknowisthattheyhavebeentoldto

5、pickoneofthewronglines.Whenhisturncomesheisfacedwiththeunanimous一致的opinionoftherestofthegroup-alltheothershavechosenlineAbuthequiteclearlyseeslineBascorrect.Whatwillhedo?AccordingtoAsch,morethanhalfofthevictimschosenwillchangetheiropinion.Whatisequallysurprisingisthat,wheninterviewedabouttheiranswer

6、s,mostexplainedthattheyknowthegroupchoicewasincorrectbutthattheyyieldtothepressureofthegroupbecausetheythoughttheymustbesufferingfromanopticalillusion,orbecausetheywereafraidofbeingdifferent.26. Thepsychologistsareparticularlyinterestedin.A. thechangesintheattitudesofthepeopleB. thedegreeofchangesof

7、people*sopinionsC. theresultoftheexperimentD. thedifferenceinpeople*scharacters27. Peoplewhoareusuallychosentotakepartintheexperimentsare.A.stubbornandindependentB.intelligentC.ignorantanddocileD.capableofreasoning28. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A. Theexperimenterandallthemembersofthegroupex

8、ceptthevictimknowthepurposeoftheexperiment.B. Allofthemknowthepurposeoftheexperiment.C. Onlytheexperimenterknowsthepurposeoftheexperiment.D. Onlythevictimknowsthepurposeoftheexperiment.29. Morethanhalfofthevictimschangedtheiropinionbecause.A. someoneinthegroupchangedtheiropinionB. theythoughttheirey

9、esmustbedeceivedC. theythoughtthegroupchoicewascorrect.D. theyhadbeentoldabouttheanswer30. Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageisto.A. illustratetheinfluenceofthegroup'spressureonindividual'sbehaviorB. invitemorevolunteerstojoininAsch'sexperimentC. telltheaudiencehowtoperformpsychol

10、ogicalexperimentD. encouragepeopletoactagainstthegroup*sopinion答案26.B27.D28.C29.B30.AAsweknow,itisveryimportantthatafirmshouldpayattentiontothetrainingofitsstaffasthereexistmanyweakpartsinitsvariousdepartments.Stafftrainingmusthaveapurpose,whichisdefinedwhenafirmconsidersitstrainingneeds,whichareint

11、urnbasedonjobdescriptionsandjobspecifications.Ajobdescriptionshouldgivedetailsoftheperformancethatisrequiredforaparticularjob,andajobspecificationshouldgiveinformationaboutthebehavior,knowledgeandskillsthatareexpectedofanemployeewhoworksinit.Whenallofthishasbeencollected,itispossibletomakeatrainings

12、pecification.ThisspecifieswhattheTrainingDepartmentmustteachforthesuccessfulperformanceofthejob,andalsothebestmethodstouseinthetrainingperiod.Therearemanydifferenttrainingmethods,andthereareadvantagesanddisadvantagesofallofthem.Successfultrainingprogrammesdependonanunderstandingofthedifferencebetwee

13、nlearningaboutskillsandtraininginusingthem.Itisfrequentlysaidthatlearningaboutskillstakesplace'offthejob"intheclassroom,buttraininginusingtheseskillstakesplace”onthejob”,bymeansofsuchactivitiesaspracticeintheworkshop.Itisalwaysdifficulttoevaluatethecostsandsavingsofatrainingprogramme.Thesuc

14、cessofsuchaprogrammedependsnotonlyonthemethodsusedbutalsoonthequalityofthestaffwhodothetraining.Acompanycanoftencheckohsavingsintimeandcostbyexaminingtheworkperformedbytheworkersandtechnicianswhohavecompletedatrainingprogramme.Theevaluationofmanagementtrainingismuchmorecomplexthanthat.21. Tobesucces

15、sfulinourtrainingprogrammes,wemustunderstandthedifferencebetween.A. ajobdescriptionandajobspecificationB. whatistaughtandhowitistaughtC. learningaboutskillsandtraininginusingthemD. thesavingsintimeandthesavingsincost22. The success of a training programme depends on.A. theplaceswherethetrainingtakes

16、placeB. thecorrectevaluationofthecostsandsavingsoftheprogrammeC. theperformanceoftheworkersandtechnicianstrainedintheprogrammeD. thetrainingmethodsandthequalityofthetrainingstaff23. Atrainingspecificationspecifies.A. theperformancerequiredforacertainjobB. thebehavior,knowledge,andskillsexpectedofane

17、mployeeC. thetrainingcontentsandmethodsD. thecostsandsavingsoftheprogramme24. Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A. Asthereexistweakpartsindifferentdepartmentsofafirm,thetrainingofitsstaffishighlynecessary.B. Atrainingspecificationisbasedontheinformationcollectedfromajobdescriptionandajobspecification.C. Traininginusingskillsandlearningaboutskillsusuallydonothappenatthesameplace.D. Itiseasiert