00830现代语言学200410历年真题及答案

1、2004年下半年高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试现代语言学 试卷(课程代码0830)第一部分 选择题I .Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets.(2% 10=20%)1.Chomsky uses the term () to refer to the actual realization o

2、f a language userknowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication.A. langueB. competenceC. paroleD. performance2.In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds tdszn share the feature of ().A. palatalB. alveolarC. bilabialD. dental3. Transformational Generative Grammar

3、 was introduced by () in 1957.A. L. Bloomfield B. F. SaussureC. N. Chomsky D.M. A. K. Halliday4. Natural languages are viewed to vary according to () set on UG principles toparticular values.A. Adjacent Condition B. parametersC. Case Condition D. Case requirement5. Synonyms are classified into sever

4、al kinds. The kind to which“girl ”and“lassbelong is called () synonyms.A. stylistic B. dialectalC. emotive D. collocational6. The illocutionary point of () is to express the psychological state specified inthe utterance.A. representatives B. commissivesC. expressives D. declaratives7. Modern English

5、 words man, woman, child, eat, fight, ect. originate from ().A. Middle English B. Old EnglishC. French D. Norman French8. In a diglossic country, the two diglossic forms of a language are generally twovarieties of the same language, but there are situations in which the H-variety may have no () rela

6、tionship with the L-variety.A. genetic B. socialC. direct D. close9. Many aphasics do not show total Ianguage loss. Rather, different aspects ofIanguage are impaired. Aphasics in () area reveal word-finding difficulties andproblems with syn tax.A. Werniker ' s B. visualC. motor D. Broca ' s1

7、0. () motivation occurs when the learner desires to learn a second Ianguage inorder to com muni cate with n ative speakers of the target Ian guage.A. In strume ntalB. FunctionalC. In tegrativeD. Social第二部分非选择题(共80分)n . Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word,

8、the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(% X10=10%)11. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the Ianguage people actually use, it issaid to be .12. Stops, fricatives, affricates, liqui

9、ds, and glides all have some degree of o and are therefore consonan ts.13. M is the smallest meanin gful un it of Ian guage.14. A is the moveme nt of an auxiliary verb to the sen ten ce-i nitial positi on, suchas be , have , do etc.15. R is what a lin guistic form refers to in the real world; it is

10、a matter of therelatio nship betwee n form and the reality.16. In Aust in ' early speech act theory, c were stateme nts that either state ordescribe, and were thus verifiable.17. In the process of first Ian guage acquisiti on, childre n usually con struct theirpersonal grammars, and their Iangua

11、ge develops in stages until it a thegrammatical rules of the adult Ian guage.18. A s com mun ity is one group, all of whose members share the same Ian guageor at least a sin gle Ian guage variety.19. People may com muni cate their feeli ngs or thoughts via n sig nals such asfacial expressi ons, gest

12、ures, postures, or proxemic space.20. Although the developme nt of a com muni cative system is not unique to huma nbeings, the natural acquisition of I as a system of highly abstract rules andregulati ons for creative com muni catio n is what disti nguishes huma ns from all other ani mal species.川.D

13、irections: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a stateme nt is false, you must expla in why you thi nk so and give the correct vers ion. (2% X10=20%)21. ( ) The writing system of a l

14、anguage is always a later invention used to record speech; thus there are still many languages in todayrld that can'osnlwyobe spoken,but not written.22. ( ) In such sound combinations as /bi:p/, /geip/ and /su:p/, the voiceless stop /p/, occurring in the final position, is unaspirated, i.e. pron

15、ounced with the strong puff of air withheld to some extent.23. ( ) The part of speech of the compound is always determined by the part of speech of the second element, without exception.24. ( ) The relationship between the embedded clause and its matrix clause is one of a part to the whole.25. ( ) T

16、he contextualist view of meaning holds that meaning should be studied in terms of the situational context and linguistic context.26. ( ) Searle 's classification of illocutionary acts is based on the classification of performative verbs.27. ( ) One kind of language change results in an increase

17、of the number of exceptional or irregular morphemes. This kind of change has been called internal borrowing that is, we “ borrow f”rom one part of the grammar and apply the rule generally.28. ( ) There are differences in the way people of various age categories speak. The differences most easily not

18、ed by the layman are likely to be grammatical in nature.29. ( ) The left hemisphere of the brain is superior to the right hemisphere because the left hemisphere is language-dominant.30 ( ) A child born to a Chinese or English speaking family takes about the same number of years to acquire their nati

19、ve tongue, regardless of their general intelligence.IV .Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration.(3 % X1O=3O%)31. assimilation rule32. root33. bound morphemes34. surface structure35. grammaticality36. elaboration37. bilingualism38. creole39. the Sapir-Whorf

20、 hypothesis40. fossilizationV . Answer the following questions.(10% >2=20%)41. The phonological features that occur above the level of individual sounds are called suprasegmental features. Discuss the main suprasegmental features, illustrating with examples how they function in the distinction of

21、 meaning.42. Explain and give examples to show in what way componential analysis is similar to the analysis of phonemes into distinctive features.启用舸 秘密启用后给号：1782004年下半年高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试现代语言学试题答案和评分参考（课程代码0830）一、单项选择A!（本大18共10小鳳 毎小理2分.共20分）2. B3、C4. B6. C7. B8、A9. D5、B二. 奥空题（本大題共10小&每小题1分.共10分）12

22、. obstruction6 constatives20、language11% descriptive15、Reference19、nonverbal14. Aux*nnovementI3w Morpheme17% approximates三. 判斷改错題（本大題共10小每小题2分.共20分） 2k （T）22、(F) It is actually aspirated. The /p/ sound is unaspiraled when it occurs after /s/< tg/spi±/.23、(F) There are exceptions, especially

23、with those compounds ending with a verb or anadverb or a preposition For example whck-ofr is a noun.24、(T)25、(T)26、(F) Scarlet classiHotion is noc based on the classification of performative verbs but onthe illocutionary point of each act27、(F) One kind of language change results in a reduction of t

24、he number of exceptional orirregular morphemes. This kind of change has been called internal borrowing _ that isv we Hborn>w- from one part of the grammar and apply the role generally.28 (F) There are difTerences in the way people of various age categories speak. The differences most easily noted

25、 by the layman are likely to be lexical in nature.29、(F) Both hemispheres perform important mental functions and they are complementarilyspecialized and equally important.30. (T)四、名词解释题(本大题共10小風每小題3分.共30分)31、A phonological mk that makes one sound similar to a neighboring one by copying one of its ph

26、onetic features For example* the /id sound in /bi:n/ is to some extent nasalized because it is assimilated by the nasal sound /n/ that follows it immediately.（178）语言与文化试題答案及评分參老第1页（共3页）32 A root is often seen as part of a word; it can never stand by itself though it bean clear, definitemeaning; it m

27、ust be combined with another rocx or an affix to form a word* ug liter in literal, and literature.33 The morphemes that cannot be used by themselves but must be combined with othermorphemes to form words that can be used independently.34 A kve） of syntactic representation after the operation of nece

28、ssary syntactic movement.35 Grammaticality refers to the grammatical welbfdrmedntss of a sentence. It is governedby the grammaiical rules of the language. A grammatically welkfonned sentence may not be semantically meaningful. For example. Green clouds are sleeping furiously.36、Elaboration is a kind

29、 of language change. It occurs when there is a need to reduce ambiguity and increase communicative clarity or expressiveness.37、Bilingualism refers to a linguistic situation in which two standard languages are used either by an individual or by a group of speakers, such as the inhab;tants of a parti

30、cular region or a nation.38、Creole refers to a language that is originally a pidgin, which comes to be adopted by a community as its native tongue, and children learn it &s their 5rst language.39% The hypothesis refers to the theory put forward by the American anthropological linguisu Sapir and

31、Whorf, which sutes that the language we speak determines the way we perceive the world and therefore the nature of thought Whorf illustrated his view based in part on a number of differences that he observed among languages. For example, there are different words for snow in the Eskimo language. Pro

32、ponents of the hypothesis believe that the English and Eskimo speakers perceive snow in different ways40. Fo$silization is a process that sometimes occurs in second language learning in which incorrcci linguistic features such as an accent or a grammatical pattern become a permanent pan of the way a

33、 person speaks or writes in the target language.五、论述题（本大题共2小題，毎小題10分共20分）41, The main features include stress, tone and intonation.Stress refers to both word stress and sentence stress. The shift of stress changes the meaning or the part of speech of a word and the meaning of a senienceTone refers to the pitch variation, which is an imprount feature for some languages called tone languages, such as Chinese.Intonation is especially important