非谓语动词语法讲解及练习

1、【非谓语动词】动词不定式非谓语动词构成：（to） +动词原形.在句中的作用（除谓语动词外的任何成分）构成：V.-ing动名词用法（主、宾、表、定） 构成：V. -ing / V.-ed （规则变化）分词用法（表、补、定、状）（一）动名词一、动名词的构成：动名词一般由动词原形+ing ”构成二、动名词的句法功能功能例句说明主语Eati ng too much is bad for your health. 吃得太多对你的健康有害。谓语动词用单数形式。宾语动词宾语I like playing basketball very much. 我非常喜欢打篮球。 Stamps are used for s

2、ending letters.由E票是被用来奇信 的。表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或 经常性的动作。介词宾语表语His hobby is collect ing stamps. =Collect ing stamps is his hobby.多数情况下，动名词作表语可转 化成作主语。定语She is in the readi ng room.她在阅览室。We should improve our teaching methods.我们应该改进 教学方法。只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所 属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们初中阶段常见的有：finish, mi

3、nd, be worth, be busy,practice, have fun, have trouble/problem ( in) , spend. (in) , feel like, be used to (习惯于)，give up, keep on, consider, suggest, can't help。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。完成实践值得忙（ 继续习惯别放弃（ 考虑建议不禁想（ 喜欢思念要介意（finish, practice, be worth, be busy ) keep on, be used to, give up) consider, sugges

4、t, can't help, feel like ) enjoy, miss, mind )（二）动词不定式1、动词不定时的构成不定时的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to,这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是 not+ （to+ ）动词原形。、动词不定式的句法功能功能例句说明主语To speak En glish is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak En glish.讲央语对我们来说不容易。作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。表语My work is to clea

5、n the room everyday.=To clea n the room every day is my work.我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主 语。宾语What sports does he like to play?他喜欢做什么运动？He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾 语。宾补My mother made me play the pia no all the time. 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。在 make, let, see, hear, watch 等使役、 感官动词后

6、，不定式省略to。定语Have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗？不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。状语rm sorry to trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。I went to the library to study English.（表目的）不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语 一致。1.不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用 it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为：lt+be+adj. ( + for/ of sb.) +动词不定式女口： To learn English well is useful. It is use

7、ful to learn English well.It ' important for us to protect the environment.注意：在kind , good, nice, clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如：It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。It's very clever of you to do like that.你那样做真是太聪明啦。2. 不定式作宾语有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like, like,

8、 want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect 等。如：Would you like to see a film this evenin g? 你今晚想去看电影吗？ 在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如：I find it easy to read English every day. 常见的一些不带to的动词不定式Why not do., Why don't you do., had better ( not) do., would rather do, could/would/will you plea

9、se (not) do.I would rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在房间里。3. 不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：Lucy asked him to turn dow n the radio. 露西让他关小收音机。tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage 后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：My mother en courages me to lear n Japa nese.我妈妈鼓励我学日语。注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这

10、些动词有：一感 (feel)、二听 (hear, listen to)、三让 (let, make, have)、四看 (look at, see, watch, notice)。 但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如：My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。4. 不定式作定语 不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心

11、的。5.不定式常和疑问词 what, which, when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如: The teacher is telli ng the stude nts what to do.老师正告诉学生们做什么。He did n't kn ow where to go.他不知道去哪里。例题()1. Tom's mother told himeat ing too much meat.D: stoppedD: to do whetherA: stopp ingB: to stopC: stops()2. We don't kn owit next

12、. Let's go and ask Mr. Li.A: what to doB: to do whatC: whether to do()3. How kind you are! You always do what you canme.A: helpB: helpi ngC: to helpD: helps()4 Drivers should n't be allowedafter drinking, or they will break the law.A: driveB: drivi ngC: to drive()5. Water Park is a good plac

13、eA: to have funB: have funC: havi ng funD: to have a fun()6. Take time to relax by listening to music, reading a book or just spending some time alone. Relaxingallows youto your studies with more en ergy.A: returnB: to returnC: returni ng()7. Nick, would you mindthose old jea ns? They look terrible.

14、A: not to wearB: not wearC: weari ng notD: not weari ng()8. a volun teer is great.I think so. Some of us wantvolun teers for the London Olympics.A: Being ； beingB: To be ； being C: Being ； to beD: To be ； to be()9. Don't forgetyour history and politics books tomorrow morning.Than ks. I won't

15、.A: bringB: to bringC: bringing()10. What abouta rest?OK. Let's go out and have a walk.A: to takeB: takesC: tak ing()11. I like this set of sofa so much, but I don't knowit in my small house.You're supposed to put it in the livi ng room.A: where to putB: why to putC: how to put()12. Whil

16、e we were running on the playgro und, Jack sudde nly stoppedand lay on the gro und, sowe all stoppedwhat was wrong with him.A: to run; to seeB: running; see ingC: running; to see()13. May I have a rest? I have already fini shedthe report.A: writeB: writ ingC: to writeD: written()14. I feel a bit hun

17、gry now.Why notfor dinner with us?C: to goD: do you goA: goB: did you go练习()1. Granny ofte n tells uswater in our daily life.A: saveB: savi ngC: to saveD: saves()2. Richard tur ned off the computer after he had fini shedthe email.A: writeB: to writeC: writi ngD: wrote()3. We can use QQ to chat with

18、each other on the Intern et.Really? Will you please show meit?A: how to useB: what to useC: how can I useD: what can I use()4. Where's your brother now , Bob?I saw himin the street a mome nt ago and I told him.A: playing ; don't do so B: playing ; not to do so C: play; to do so()5. As tee na

19、gers, we're old eno ughwith housework. We can help set the table, wash the dishesand clea n our own rooms.A: to helpB: helpi ngC: helped()6. Nancy is really a hard-work ing stude nt. We ofte n see herbooks in the classroom.A: readB: to readC: reads()7 Mrs. Smith made her stude ntsthe compositi o

20、ns three times a week.A: writeB: to writeC: writtenD: writi ng()8.Tom often makes his sister , but yesterday he was made by his sister.A: cry; to cryB: to cry; cryC:cry; cryD: to cry; to cry()9. You'd bettertoo much time play ing computer games.A: don't spe ndB: not to spe ndC: to not spe nd

21、D:not spend()10. More and more young people are trying to do someth ingthe old.A: servedB: to serveC: serveD: serves()11. Why n otan En glish club to practiceEn glish?A. to join; to speakB. jo in; speak ing C. jo in; to speakD. to join; speak ing()12. When we came to the gate, he stoppedme go in fir

22、st.A. to letB. to tellC. to allowD. to ask()13. She saw some boyssoccer on the playgro und whe n she was on the way to the classroom.A. playedB. to playC. play ing()14. How about going shopp ing this weeke nd, Peter?Sorry, I preferrather tha n.A. to stay at home; go outB. to go out; stay at homeC. s

23、tay ing at home; go outD. Going out; stay at home()15. It's a good habitevery day.A. to keep doing exercise B. to stay up late C. to make much no ise D. to too much()16. It's hot. Would you mind mythe win dow. Do it as you like, please!A. to ope n; OKB. ope ning; Certa inly notC. clos ing; O

24、f courseD. Open; Good idea()17. Who do you think you'd likewith you, a boy or a girl?A. to let to goB. lett ing to goC. to let goD. let go()18. The house was so dirty. They decidedA. clea n it upB. to clea n it upC. clea n up itD. clea ning up()19. I heard some onethe door andA. ope n; come inB.

25、 to ope n; to come inC. ope n; come intoD.to ope n; to come into()20. The girl was heardthe pia no in the next room.A. playsB. to playC. playedD. playI. 选择填空。()1. It is not easymaths.A. learns B. learn C. to learn D. learned()2. It is very niceyou tome about it.A. for , tell B. of , say C. to , spea

26、k D. of , tell ()3. It ' s too late. It ' s impossiblere by nine.A. of him to get B. for him to get C. him to get D. for him gett ing ()4. Joh n knowsa computer.A. how to use B. how use C. how uses D. how to using()5. Our teacher told us.A. careful B. be careful C. to be careful D. to be car

27、efully()6. He asked meleave him alone here.A. don ' t B. not to C. notD. doesn ' t()7.1 have a lot of thingsthis weeke nd. A. do B. did C. doing D. to do()8. There is a chair. A. to sit B. sitti ng on C. to sit on D. sit in()9. The questi on is easy.A. answering B. answer C. to answer D. ans

28、wered ()10. My brother is not strong eno ughthe big tree.A. carries B. carried C. to carry D. going()11. He is too youngto school .A. to go B. not to go C. to saying D. didn ' t say()12. We made a firewarm ourselves up.A. in order B. to C. so as D. so that()13. My wish isa doctor. A. be B. to be

29、 C. being D. been()14. Come on! Pleaserun!A. get ready for B. got ready for C. get ready to D. got ready to()15. Our teacher let usthe compositi on every other line.A. writeB. to writeC. writi ng D. writte n()16. You had betterhere to help us.A. stay B. stayingC. to stay D. stayed()17. I have fini s

30、hedthe no vel .A. read B. to read C. read ing D. being read()18.on the moon is not easy.A. Walk B. Walked C. Doi ng walk ing D. Walki ng()19. Please rememberyour book n ext week.A. to bring B. bringing C. brought D. bring()20. I rememberyou somewhere before.A. to see B. seeing C. seen D. saw()21. Th

31、e film is worth.A. to see B. seeing C. see D. to seeing()22. The boy sat over there withouta word.A. sayB. say ingC. said D. to say()23. I saw himon the playgro und whe n I en tered the school.A. running B. ran C. to run D. runing()24. He sat at the table,a new magaz ine.A. to read B. read C. reads

32、D. readi ng()25. He had his bike.A. to repair B. repairing C. repaired D. repair()26. He stood up to make himself.A. see B. seen C. seeing D. sawII. 完成下列句子，使意思相同，一空一词。1. She is so old that she can'Stiworkoo old .2. The police said to the thief,“ Put up your han ds!”The police told the thief up h

33、is han ds.3. I don ' t know how I can get to the station.I don 'krtow get to the station.4. He said he would tidy the room.He said he would have the room.5. I ' m so strong that I can carry the heavy tree.I ' m strongcarry the heavy tree.6. Tom went to Paris for his holidays.Tom went

34、 to Parishis holidays.7. Mac hopes he can visit China one day.He hopesChina one day.8. Do you say any thi ng for yourself?Do you have anything for yourself?9. This boy is a stude nt. His n ame is Jack.The boy is a student.10. Tom ' s mother saw that he was sitting on some eggs.Tom s mother sawon

35、 some eggs.11. I helped her with her En glish.I helped her English.(A) 用括号中的动词适当形式填空I. We are so glad(hear) the n ews.2.1 saw him(cross) the road safely and(run) away.3. You can ' t make him(do) what you want.4.1 don ' t know where(meet) him.5. What makes you(think) I ' m a farmer?6. Did

36、 you see him(go) upstairs?7.It is better(put) your money in a bank.8.It is difficult for the boy(swim) across the river.9.1 let him(go) early as he wan ted(meet) his uncle at the stati on.1O.Will you help me(move) the bed?II. If he doesn' t know, how(use) the recorder, you' d better(show) hi

37、m.12. He is the last one(leave) the office every day.13.It ' s bad manners(shout) in public.14.The boy is old eno ugh(dress) himself.15.She is too ill(go) to school.(B) 填入动名词的适当形式.I. Ca n you imag ine yourself in a Ion ely isla nd? (stay)2.1 can't un dersta nd your at that poor child.(laugh)

38、3.She did n't mi nd overtime.(work)4. To make a livi ng, he tried,and various other thin gs,but he had failed in all .(write; paint)5. We are look ing forward to Mary's . (come).6.She was praised forthe life of the child.(save)7.She ought to be praised in stead of(criticize).8.Is there any p

39、ossibility of our the champi on ship?(w in)9. He came to the party without(in vite)10. Don ' t keep me(wait) for a long time.II. Knives are used for(cut) thin gs.12. Can you finish(read) the book in three days?13. The doctor was busy(operate) on the boy at that time.14. Stop(talk) and liste n to

40、 me carefully.15. Thank you very much for(help) us.16. Granny i s very ill and she doesn' t feel like(eat) anything.17. The girl enjoys(liste n) to light music.18. Do you remember(buy) me a beautiful skirt on my 13 th birthday?19. We couldn ' t help(laugh) after we heardfthreny story.20. Wha

41、t about(go) out for a walk?n.用不定式完成下列句子1.Have you decided （怎样度假）2t is dangerous （玩火）3.She was the first woman （环球飞行的）4. The boy was made （重复他自己的故事）5. The old lady looked at the children （穿过马路）6.It took me much time （算出这些难题）yesterday.7. The boss made the workers （一天工作十小时）8.1 don ' t know 会上说什么）9.

42、 Can you tell me （在哪里能买到这本书）？10. （在何时何地召开这会议）hasn ' t been dded yet.川根据句意改写句子1. The old man is so old that he can' t work.The old man is too old .2. I don ' t know how I can get to the TV factory.I don ' t kno to the TV factory.3. Mr. Gree n went back to En gla nd for a holiday.Mr. G

43、reen went back to England a holiday.4. Mike hopes he can visit the Great Wall on day.Mike hopes the Great Wall one day.5. Does he say any thi ng for himself at the meeti ng?Does he have anything for himself at the meeting?6. He is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.He is strong the heavy box.

44、7. He spe nt two hours doing the work.It him two hours the work.8. It ' s time for school.It ' s time school.9. It seems that she is an En glish teacher.She an English teacher.10. His father said to him,“ listen to the teacher carefully.His father told him the teacher carefully.实战演练（一）1. Im

45、thirsty. Will you get me someth ing?A. drink B. to drink C. eat D. eati ng2. It was great funa pic nic on the hill.A. to haveB. of hav ingC. have D. had3. It's bad for your eyescomputer games for a long time.A. plays B. to play C. play D. played4. -Do you ofte n hear Joh nin his room?-Yes. Liste

46、 n! Now we can hear himin his room.A. sing; to sing B. singing; singing C. sing; singing D. to sing; singing5. Why not?A. let him to go home B. to let him go homeC. let him go homeD. to let him to go home6. They were madefourtee n hours a day.A. work B. worki ngC. worked D. to work7.1s it always eas

47、ierfriends tha n to keep them?A. maki ng B. make C. to make D. made8. ItJack twenty minu testhe math problem yesterday.A. took; to work out B. takes; worked outC. has take n; work out D. is tak ing; work ing out9. Whe n you leave, dontforgetoff the light.A. to turn B. turni ng C. turn D. turned10. W

48、ho do you thi nk you'd like?A. to make frie nds B. make friendsC. to make frie nds with D. make frie nds with11. Although Jeff loves KFC, he triesit too often.A. to eat B. not eat C. to not eat D. not to eat12. -Hi, Betty. Shall we go swimmi ng this Su nday?-This Sun day? I am sorry, I have a lo

49、t of homeworkthis Sun day.A. to do B. done C. do D. to be done13. Sally had no penyesterday morni ng.A. to write B. to write with C. writ ingD. writ ing with14. Joh n asked David howChristmas.A. celebrat ing B. to celebrate C. to be celebrated D. celebrate15. We all con sidered Mr Zhaoteacher.A. be

50、the best B. to be the best C. being best D. being the best16. It' very kindyou tomethe heavy bag.A. for; tell; to take B. of; tha nk; for C. to; speak; to have D. of; help; carry17. Have you decided?A. to go with whom B. whom to go withC. whom go with D. with whom to go18. Her hopea gold medal i

51、n the 2008 Olympic Games.A. to win B. is to win C. wi nning D. will win19. The meeti ng room is big eno ughone hun dred people.A. holdi ng B. hold C. to hold D. holds20. Would you please pass me the knife?A. to cut the watermelo n withB. to cut the watermelo nC. cutt ing the watermelo nD. cutt ing t

52、he watermelo n with21. It is better to teach a man to fish tha nhim fish.A. givi ng B. to give C. gives D. gave22. The policema n warned the young manafter drinking.A. n ever to driveB. to n ever driveC. n ever driv ingD. n ever drive23. What do you think is the best waythe wild ani mals?A. protecti

53、 ng B. to protect C. protected D. protect24. I 'ratheron the landin a factory.A. work; tha n workB. work; workC. to work; tha n to work D. to work; to work25. My gran dfather is useda hat in win ter.A. to wear B. for weari ngC. weari ngD. to weari ng26. I m sorryyou eno ugh help.A. have give n B

54、. of not givingC. not to have give n D. to have give n27. Some stude nts from Grade 9do somefor the old.A. volun teered to; clea nB. volun teered; clea ningC. volun teered to; clea ning D. volun teered; clea n28. The young man was ofte n see nby the lake.A. to drawB. to draw ing C. drawD. drew29. To

55、m isto make a livi ng by himself.A. very old B. too young C. too bigD. too strong30. I findhim all about it.A. n ecessary to tellB. that n ecessary toC. n ecessary it to tell D. it n ecessary to tell31. The old man seemsin a great hurry.A. be B. to be C. being D. to being32. Ithe same n eighborhood

56、with the lovely girl.A. happe ned liv ing inB. happe ned to live inC. was happe ning liv ing in D. was happe ning to live33. It ' time for supper now. Let ' it.A. stop to have B. stop having C. to stop to have D. to stop having34. You are not expectedsuch long hours.A. to work B. worki ngC. worked D. work35. His father agreed$ 4,0