中考英语阅读理解题材Topic8天气与自然

1、精品文档Topic Eight Weather and Nature天气与自然话说中考随着社会经济的快速发展，社会和谐已提上日程，天气与自然环境很快就成为人们关注的话题之一。此类话题多是说明文和议论文。这就要求我们了解说明文和议论文的特点，这样才能对问题进一步地分析和解读，才能自觉地完成命题要求，取得高分。解题思路：把握该类话题的特征，对所给信息进行归纳整合走进中考（湖北襄樊2010）Earthquakes happen without warning（前兆）.They can happen any time of a day ,at any point during the year. Wh

2、enan earthquake is happening , you should know what you should do or not do .Do NOT go outside . You could get injured from falling glass or parts of buildings . If you are outside , stay away from buildings and power lines（输电线）.Stay under a desk, table , or other strong furniture . Hold on to it .

3、Or stay in a corner of the building. Cover your face and head with your arms and cover yourmouth with a towel or cloth ing. Stay in side un til shak ing stops and it is safe togo outside .Keep away from windows, pictures or advertisementson the wall or the building ,and anything else that could fall

4、 and hurt you. Most people get injuredby fallingthings during an earthquake , not by the shaking itself.Also keep away from a fire. You could fall down and burn yourself on the fire.If you are driving when an earthquake happens, stop the car if its safe . Stay in side your car un til the earthquake

5、stops, and dont drive n ear bridges. Try notto stop by power lines or trees. These could fall and hurt you.阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。（）1. It isnt safe for you towhile the earthquake is happe ningA . run out of the buildi ngB . stay in a corner of the buildi ngC . cover your head with your armsD . cover your

6、 mouth with a towel()2. From this passage , we know .A . many people fear earthquakesB . earthquakes maybe happen at any timeC . we cant save ourselves in an earthquakeD . people never get injured in earthquakes()3. The best title for this passage should be .A . How Earthquakes Happe nB . How to Dri

7、ve a CarC . What We Should Do in EarthquakesD . Why Earthquakes Happe n解析1 . A BCD三项在第三段可找到答案；根据第二段内容可知 A项的做法是不安全的, 故正确答案为A。2 . B根据第一段前两句可知，地震可能随时会发生，故B项为正确答案。3 . C通过全文可知本文主要是在介绍发生地震时，我们应该采取哪些措施才能使自己避免受伤，故正确答案为C。话题专练Earthquakesmay happe n any where on the earth . Whensome plates of the earth movesud

8、denly , an earthquake happens . Many earthquakes begin under thesea . They oftenhappen near the mountains, too .During an earthquake , the shakings make rocks rise suddenly and even crack(断裂)open . Houses fall , people are killed or hurt , and sometimes the whole villages or cities are destroyed .Ca

9、n we do somethi ng to keep ourselves safe from earthquakes? Scie ntists havestudied earthquakes and made mapsthat show the earthquake belts . In areas in these belts , its possible for earthquakes to happen . In these areas weshould build strong houses to fight aga inst earthquakes.In the future , s

10、cientists will be able to tell when and where an earthquake willbe before they happe n. They can also tell people what to do and how to do it根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。()1. The reason for an earthquake isA . that there are so many plates on the earthB . that the sea is too deepC.rocks crackingopen()2. A lot of e

11、arthquakes often happensA.in the areaB.n ext to mountainsC.at night()3. A map show ing the earthquake belts will tell peopleA . what kind of houses to buildB . what kind of houses can stay up in an earthquakeC . where earthquake may happe n()4. Which is Not True accord ing to the passage?A . During

12、an earthquake people are killed or hurt.B . The scie ntists can tell whe n and where an earthquake is nowC . we should build stro ng houses to fight aga inst earthquakes.()5. In the future , well be no Ion ger so afraid of earthquakesA . with the help of scie ntists exact predict ionB . because of a

13、 map show ing the earthquake beltsC. because we can guess the date and place of earthquakes答案：an而不1. A 根据文章第一段中 When some plates of the earth move suddenly,earthquake happe ns .可知，地球是由许多板块构成的，板块的移动产生了地震，所以根 源在板块。2 . B根据短文第一段内容可知，地震常发生在山脉附近。3 . C根据短文第三段内容可知，地图将告诉我们地震带常发生地震。4 . B根据短文最后一段内容可知，专家预测将来能判定

14、地震发生的时间和地点，是现在。所以我们5 . A 根据短文最后一段内容可以推测出专家能预测地震发生的时间和地点,不必担心将来发生地震。Have you ever seen a greenhouse? Most greenhouses look like a small glass house.Greenhousesare used to grow plants , especially in winter . Greenhouses work bytrapping heat from the sun , the glass panels（板）of the greenhouse let ligh

15、t in,but keep heat from escaping . This causes the greenhouse to heat up , much like the in side of the parked in sun light , and keeps the pla nts warm eno ugh to live in win ter .The earths atmosphere（大气）is all around us . It is the airthat webreathe . Gree nhouse gases in the atmosphere behave mu

16、ch like the glass pan els in a gree nhouse . Sun light en ters theEarths atmosphere , pass ing through the bla nketof greenhouse gases. As it reaches the Earths surface , land , water , and biosphere（ 生 物圈）,they take up the sun lights en ergy. Once the heat is take n up , this en ergyis sent back in

17、to the atmosphere. Some of the energy passes back into space, butmuch of it rema ins trapped in the atmosphere by the gree nhouse gases, caus ing ourworld to heat up .The greenhouse effect is important. Without the greenhouse effect , the Earthwould not be warm eno ugh for huma ns to live. But if th

18、e gree nhouse effect becomesstronger , it could make the earth warmer than usual. Even a little extra warmingmay bring problems to humans, plants , and animals .根据短文内容，回答下列问题。1. What are greenhouses used for?2. Why is the temperature in the greenhouse higher than that outside?3. What behaves much li

19、ke the glass pan els in a gree nhouse?4.If we did nt have the gree nhouse effect, what would happe n?5. What does the article mainly tell us?答案：1. They are used for growing plants.答案来自第二段的第一句。2. 根据短文第二段中温室效应的工作原理可知，答案是Because the glass pan els ofthe greenhouse can let light in，and keep heat from esc

20、aping3 .根据短文第三段的 much of it remains trapped in the atmosphere by thegreen house gases ”可知，温室塑料板的作用像空中大气层的作用，即答案是Gree nhousegases in the atmosphere .4. 根据最后一段内容可知，如果没有大气层的温室效应，人类就不能生存，即答案为Huma ns could nt live because the earth would not be warm eno ugh5. 根据全文内容可知，主要是温室效应及对人类的影响，所以答案为It mainly tells

21、us what the gree nhouse effect is and its in flue neeNo one can change the weather . But if read the sig ns correctly around us, wecan know how the weather will be. This way of telling what the weather will be like on the following day or two is called weather forecasting. For many centuries andin a

22、ll countries , people have studied the weather and tried to make weather forecasting . Rings around the sun are a sign of coming rain. Many people feel intheir bones the coming of wet weather . Their joints( 关节)ache. Somebirds fly high if the fine weather is coming, but they fly near ground if rainy

23、 or stormy weatheris on the way. It is probably because of the in sects which they are hunting fly low . If you see a rainbow during rainy weather , this is a sign that the weather will become clear and fine . Such rain bows come in the eve ning . If the stars twi nkle clearly at night , then fine w

24、eather will continue . If a fog appears in the evening just above a river , the n the day will be warm . If the sun set is mostly red in color, the n themorning , rainy weather will probably come. Most of the above sayings have been made by the people who have used their eyes and brains to make weat

25、her forecasti ng根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。()1. Peoples joints acheA . is a sig n of coming rai nB . because they are illC . without any reasonD . because of the in sects()2. Which is true about weather forecasting?A . Weather forecasting is a report about the weather on the following day ortwo.B . Weather forec

26、asti ng is a way of telli ng what the weather will be like.C . People can cha nge the weather forecasti ngD . Weather forecasti ng is a sig n of coming rain()3 . The birds fly high and the stars twinkle clearly is a sign that the weatherwillA . be rai nyB . be warmC . con ti nue clear and fineD . be

27、 cold()4. A rain bow duri ng rainy weather is aof the fine weather.A . sig n B . way C . method D . road()5. We mustto make weather forecasti ngA . use our eyes and brainsB . study the weather hardC . read the weather hardD. all of the above答案：1 . A 根据短文 Many people feel in their bones the coming of

28、 wet weather. 可知，人们的一些关节疼痛是雨天来临的标志。2 . B根据短文内容可知，天气预报是对未来几天的预测；不是对天气的报道，也不是雨天的标志，即排除 A、D;根据短文第一句可知“人们更不能改变天气”排除C,所以答案是B。3 . C 根据短文中 Some birds fly high if the fine weather is comi ng，和 If thestars twinkle clearly at night, then fine weather will continue. 可知，鸟儿飞的高和夜晚星光灿烂是天气晴朗、温度适宜的象征。4. A 根据短文中 If y

29、ou see a rainbow during rainy weather , this is a sign thatthe weather will become clear and fine.可知，雨后彩虹是天气晴朗的标志。5. D从整篇文章来看，对天气的了解不仅靠人们的眼睛和大脑，还要继续多观察和研 究，所以选D。四Green is more than just a color . It also means taking special steps to protect the environment the water , the land , and the air we brea

30、the . What can you do? Heres one of the guides to being gree nSometimes people call our society a throwaway society . That means that were a little willing to throw away old things and buy new things. Many times , even ifyou no Ion ger n eed someth ing, some one else just might . For example , if yo

31、ur babybrother does nt want his plastic basketball hoop（篮筐）, why not give it to ano ther family who has a little kid?Here are some other ways to reuse the things you have:Use rechargeable（可再充电的 ）batteries for your laptops, MP3 players , cellphones, and digital cameras .Choose reusable travel cups in

32、 stead of disposable（一次性的）paper or plasticcups.Take your own bags whe n you go to the grocery store.Drink tap water in stead of buying bottled water . If you dont like how your tap water tastes , a low-cost filtration（过滤）system could make a differenee. Get areusable water bottle so you can take it w

33、ith you.Organize an exchange among your friends. What can you exchange? Books , toys ,even clothes . Its a way for every one to get someth ing new without spe nding any money and without throw ing lots of things away.根据短文内容，完成句子。1 . Green is not only a color but also means2 . If your brother does nt

34、 want his plastic basketball hoop, you can .3 . You shouldin stead of disposable paper or plastic cups.4 . You can excha ngewith your friends5. The article mainly tells us答案：1. 根据短文第一段内容可知，绿色不仅是一种颜色，还是环保的一种标志，即答案为taking special steps to protect the en viro nment。2. 根据短文中 “ if your baby brother does

35、nt want his plastic basketball hoop（篮筐），why not give it to another family who has a little kid?”可知，不用的塑料筐可以送给别的小孩子，即答案为give if to ano ther family who has a little kid。3. 根据短文中第二条建议可知，我们可以用个人专用杯来代替一次性杯子或塑料杯，即答案是 choose reusable travel cups 。4. 根据短文最后一段内容可知，可交换的东西有books , toys , and clothes 。5. 通读全文可知

36、，这篇文章主要告诉我们，生活中如何环保，所以答案是how to protect our environment in our lives。五There are some easy things you can do to protect the en vir onment and theearth . Choose ideas from the list or come up with a few of your own Pla nt flowers , grass or trees . When ever you visit a park or a beach, take away what

37、 you bring there and keep rubbish in a bag un til you can put it into a dustb in Turn off the lights ,TV sets when you leave a room . This saves a lot ofelectricity . Turn off the tap whe n you brush your teeth. You can save some water by notlett ing it run. Also , use a glass or cup in stead of a p

38、aper one because this savespaper. Keep the doors and wi ndows closed in win ter to keep warm air in. Give your old books and magaz ines to a library in stead of throw ing them away. Give your clothes to poo r childre n in stead of throw ing them away. Use both sides of paper . Stop pouri ng dirty wa

39、ter into the rivers or lakes n earby. En courage all your friends to do the same things you do to help protect the earth .becomeIf every one makes con tributi on to protect the environment , the world will much more beautiful .根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。()1. From the above , we know that the passage isA . an adB

40、 . a proposal(建议)C . a sig nD . a notice()2. The writer mainly tells usA . to pour dirty water into the riversB . to throw rubbish into a dustb inC . to save water by turning on the tap while brush ing our teethD . that we cant do all these things every day()3. We canto save paper .A . use both side

41、s of paperB . pick up waste paper at schoolC . use a paper cupD . give old toys to poor childre n()4. Which of the followi ng is WRONG accordi ngto the writer?A.Turn off the lights whe n you leave a room.B . Close the doors and win dows in win ter.C.Use a paper cup whe n you brush your teeth.D.Give

42、your old clothes to the poor childre n()5. The title of this passage isA . Save Water and ElectricityB . Protect the EarthC . Make Better Use of Old Thi ngsD. Save Money答案：1 . B根据短文内容可知这是一则倡议书。2. B 由.you can put it into a dustbin.” 可知答案。3. A 由第八条建议可知答案是use both sides of paper 。4. C 由第四条建议 use a glas

43、s or cup in stead of a paper one可知，答案是 C。5. B根据短文大意可知是谈论保护地球。六How many plastic bags do you use every day? Is there any cha nee for us to livewithout them? What can we do to have less plastic pollution?A performanee in Hangzhoumakes people thi nk more about the overuse of plastic bags in our lives.In

44、 front of a supermarket in Hangzhou, five volunteers wore white plastic bags and walked around and through the crowd . The performanee called on people to use more cloth bags in stead of plastic onesSome of the plastic bags worn by the performers were collected from customers( 顾 客)in two food market

45、s and the others were collected by 700 stude nts from a sec on dary school .On that day , when leaving the food markets , customers were told to hand overunnecessary plastic shopping bags. Several hundred plastic bags were collected intwo hours .If we do nothingabout it , the earth will be eaten up

46、by white pollution. Andhumans will become plastic men, ” said one of the performers.How can you breathe in so many plastic bags? A middle-aged woman asked one performer . How can the earth breathe if there are too many plastic bags? the performer an swered .Starti ng from June last year, plastic bag

47、s were no Ion ger give n for free insupermarkets , shopping malls or food markets all over the countryPeople are called on to use cloth bags when they go shopp ing根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。()1. Since June last year people shouldplastic bags all over thecountry .A . pay forB . getC . use as many asD . stop using

48、()2. A performanee took place inA . a supermarketB . a plastic bag shopC . HangzhouD . a school()3. Why did the performers wear white plastic bags and walk around?They wan tedA . to ask people to overuse plasticsB . to in vite people to go to the supermarketC . to give people more bagsD . to persuad

49、e people not to use plastic bags()4. If we dont do something against the pollution, humans.A . will be pollutedB . will become plastic menC . wont be comfortableD . will be plastic ones()5. The main idea of this passage is aboutpolluti onA. white B . air C . water D . light答案：1 . A文章中讲到自2008年6月1日起，为

50、减少白色污染的泛滥而有偿使用塑料袋， 而不是禁止使用。2 . C 根据文章第一段最后一句 A performanee in Hangzhou makes people think moreabout the overuse of plastic bags in our lives. ”可知，这个演出活动在杭州举行。3 . D根据文章第二段最后一句可知他们的目的是号召人们用布袋代替塑料袋。4 . B根据笫五段主要介绍如果我们人类再不做些事情制止白色污染，那么地球有一天会被白色污染所吞噬，那么地球人也会被污染成plastic men 。5 . A由短文内容可知文章主旨是有关白色污染的。What w

51、ould you do if you were the mayor（市长）of your city? We asked somestudents from different cities. Here are what they said :Deng Chuan , 15, from DazhouWith the development of modern industry（ 工业）,more and more waste water is beingpoured into the Zhouhe River . It has caused serious pollution. The rive

52、r is becomingso dirty that few livi ng things can live in itSo, if I were the mayor , I wouldAswe allknow, water is the source（ 根源）of our livesIt is very important to protectorder all the factories that pour the waste water into the river to close dow nwater .Zhang Yan , 14, from ChengduBut sometime

53、s its not convenient for the人行道）in our.They may not beour city , I wouldOur city is more and more beautiful bli nd . There are not eno ugh paveme nts（ city . Some of the old ones are broken safe to walk on! If I were the mayor of build more paveme nts for the bli ndWang Lili , 16, from ChongqingTher

54、e are more and more old people in our city . And there are not eno ugh places for them to relax and enjoy themselves. So, if I were the mayor , I would build anactivity center in each residential（ 住宅）area for the old . So old people can play cards or chess . This will makeold people not feel Ionely

55、any more and spend remaining years comfortably .根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。（）1. What does Deng Chuan care for?A . water polluti onB . Air pollutio nC . Paveme nts for the bli ndD . Activity cen ters for the old（）2. Whos the youn gest of the three stude nts?A . Deng Chua n .B . Zhang Yan .C . Wang Lili .D . I don

56、t know()3. What does the underlined word convenient mean in Chinese?A .方便的 B .简单的 C .便宜的 D .具有吸引力的()4. Where is Wang Lili from?A . Dazhou . B . Chengdu . C . Chongqing . D . Zhouhe .()5. Which of the followi ng is FALSE?A . Its very importa nt for Dazhou to protect water.B . There are eno ugh paveme nts for the bli nd in Chen gdu.C . There arent eno ugh places for the old people to relax and enjoy themselves in ChongqingD. Some of the old paveme nts in Chen gdu are broke n答案：1 . A 根据短文中第一个学生的答语可知，more and more waste water is being pouredinto the Zhouhe River . I