现在分词用法与练习

1、现在分词用法与练习现在分词用法与练习一、现在分词的各种形式及意义2、现在分词的句法功能名称形式意义例句一般式doing与其逻辑主语构成主动关系；与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生The professor came in, following the headmaster.教授跟着校长进来了。现在分词的被动形式being done强调被动的动作 在进行或与谓语 动词的动作同时 发生The question being discussed is very important.现在正讨论的问题很重要。现在分词的完成式having done分词所表示的动作发生在谓语之、A刖Having st

2、udied the map , I know which way to go.仔细看完地 图后，我知道该走哪条 路了。现在分词的完成被动式having beendone分词所表示的动 作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之 前；分词与具逻辑 主语构成被动关系Having been scolded many times by the boss, he decided to leave.被老板责骂很多 次后，他决定离开。31 .作定语单个的现在分词充当前置定语，分词短语充当后置定语。但是，完成式的现在分词不能用作定语。The swimming boy is my elder brother . 正在游泳的男

3、孩 是我的哥哥。Tell the boys playing over there not to make any noise. 告 诉那边正在玩的男孩们不要制造噪。2 .作表语现在分词作表语，用来说明主语的性质和特征，相当于形 容词，其主语通常是物。一般跟在连系动词be, get, be,come, look, sound, feel, keep, remain, grow, seem, appear 等后面。The story sounds interesting. 这个故事听起来彳艮有趣。The news was disappointing). 这个消息令人失望。【点津】动名词也可以作表语

4、，此时主语和表语是对等关系， 可以互换位置。Your task is cleaning the windows . ( =Cleaning the windows is your task.)你的任务是擦窗户。3 .作补足语(1)现在分词可以在 see, hear, notice, watch, feel, 100k at, listen to, observe, have, get, leave, keep, set, catch, find等动词(短语)后面作宾语补足语。I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the c

5、ar.我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑 由来。(2)上面这类句子也可变成被动语态，这时，现在分词可看 成是主语补足语。She was heard singing an English song yesterday 昨天有 人听见她在唱英文歌曲。A cook will be fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen. 厨师若被发现在厨房内抽烟会被解雇。3 3) with + 宾语+v-ingWith so many people looking at her, she felt nervous.4 .作状语现在分词或分词短语作状语时，可

6、以表时间、原因、结 果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。必须记住：从句和主句的主语必须一致。(1)表示时间。现在分词表时间时，相当于 when等引导的 时间状语从句。 Be careful when crossing the road. (=Be careful when you are crossing the road)过马路时小心点。 Having turned off the TV, he began to do hishomework.关掉电视后，他开始做家庭作业。(=After he had turned off the TV . he began to do his homew

7、ork.)(2)表示原因 Being so excited, she couldn ' t go to s=Bepcause she was so excited, she couldn ' t go to困leep.) 太兴奋了，所以睡不着。 Not having received his reply, she decided to make a call to him . (=Because she hadn' t received his reply, she decided to make a call to him.因为没有收到他的 回信，她决定给他打个电话。

8、(3)表示方式或伴随，常相当于一个and引起的并列分句。 The teacher came into the classroom, holding a book in his hand . (=The teacher came into the classroom and held a book in his hand.)老师手拿一本书走进教 室。 He came running into the room. (=He came and ran into the room)他跑进屋来。(4)表示结果，常相当于一个and引起的并列分句。这类状语常放在句子的后半部分，分词前往往有副词thus,th

9、ereby(因此)或only,并有逗号同前面的句子成分隔开， 常可译为“于是，所以，因而”等。这种分词的逻辑主10语既可以是句子的主语，也可以是前边的整个句子。逻 辑主语为前边的整个句子时，其作用相当于一个非限制 性的定语从句。 The car was held up by the storm , causing the delay. (=The car was held up by the storm and caused the delay.)汽车被暴风雨所阻挡，因而耽搁了。 The old scientist died all of a sudden, leaving the proje

10、ct unfinished.(=The old scientist died all of a sudden, and left the project unfinished.)那位老科学突然去世，留下未尽的事业。 He turned off the lamp, (thereby) seeing nothing.(=He turned off the lamp, thereby he saw nothing.) 他熄了灯，什么也看不见了。 A number of new machines were introduced from abroad, thus resulting in an inc

11、rease in production. (=A number of new machines were introduced from abroad, which resulted in an increase in production.) 大量的新机器被从国外引入，导致生产增加。(5)表示条件，常相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。Working hard, you ' ll succeed. (=If you work harcyou' ll succeed.)努力工作，你就会成功。(6)表示让步，常相当于一个 though等引导的让步状语从 句。Though feeli

12、ng tired, Billy he didn' t stop working.(=Though Billy felt tired, he didn' t stop working.尽管觉得很累，但比利并没有停止他的工作。提示：如果现在分词作时间，条件或者让步状语时，前面可以直接加相应的连词，如when,while,unless,if ,though。Be careful when crossing the road.Though feeling tired, Billy he didn' t stop working三、分词的否定式分词的否定式总是将否定词not置于分

13、词之前，遇上现在分词的完成式、被动式以及完成被动式，否定词应置于整个 结构之前。Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait. 不知道下一步干什么，她停下来等着。Not having finished the homework, the little girl doesn't dare to go to school小女孩没完成作业不敢去学校。四、独立成分作状语有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：generally speaking总的来说；judgingfrom / by 根据判断； speaking

14、 of说至1J； talking of谈到；frankly speaking 坦率地说；allowing for 考虑到。 Judging by his face, he was angry. 从他的脸色上看， 他很生气。 The project will take about 8 months, allowing for delays caused by the rainy season.考虑到雨季的耽误，这项工程大约需要8个月。 Frankly speaking , the car is not worth buying. 坦率地 说，这部车不值得买。五.基础练习题1 .He sat th

15、ere a novel.A. read B. reading C. reads D. had read2 . Don ' t wake up the child.A. sleep B. slept C. sleeping D. sleepy3 .A proverb goes:' A stone gathers no moss 'A. roll B. rolling C. rolled D. rolls4 .The heavy rain kept us for two hours.A. wait B. waited C. waiting D. to wait5 . We

16、found the baby on the floor.A. slept B. sleep C. asleep D. sleeping6.Jack saw a woman near the dog , so he walked upto her.A. stood B. stands C. to stand D. standing7.our shoes in our hands , we crossed the stream.A. To carry B. Carrying C. Carried D. Carry8 .my homework, I went home .A. Having fini

17、shed B. Finished C. Being finished D. Finish9 .the door unlocked, I went in.A. Finding B. Found C. Had found D. Have found10 .a careless fellow, he forget all about it.A. Is B. Be C. Being D. Was11 . You must be careful when on the highway.A. you driving B. are driving C. driving D. you were driving

18、12 .Engines are machines power or motion.A. produce B. producing C. produced D. which producing13Weather, we will have a picnic tomorrow.A. permit B. permits C. permitted D. permitting14 .The vacation over , the students came back to school.A. is B. are C. was D. being15 .the painting, he gave a sig

19、h of relief.A. Finishing B. Has finished C. Being finished D.Having finished16 .the way to take, the traveller went on his journey.A. Telling B. Having told C. Having been told D. Have told this table.17. Donttsilherenothing. Come and help me withA. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing18. The wild flow

20、er looked like a soft orange blanket the desert.A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover19. Tom ' never willing to alter any of his opinions. It ' s no use with him.A. to argue B. arguing C. argued D. having argued20.1, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.A. General spea

21、king B. Speaking generalC. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally21. “You can' t catch me! ” Jane shouted,away.A. run B. running C. to run D. ran22. I could ' t do my homework with all that noise.A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on23. for many years, the two brothers can ' t

22、recognize each other.A. Being separated B. Having separatedC. Having been separated D. To be separated24. The manager,it clear to us that he didn' agree with us, left the meeting room. A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making25. Don ' t leave the waterwhile you brush your teeth.A. ru

23、nB. running C. being run D. to run26. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time theexam.A. passB. to pass C. passed D. passing27. He looked around and caught a man his hand into the pocket of apassenger.A. putB. to be putting C. to put D. putting28. A cook will be immediately fir

24、ed if he is found in the kitchen.A. smokeB. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked29. I couldn ' t find my key to the car when home.A. leaving B. to leave C. left D. having left30. Though money, his parents managed to send him to university.A. lacked B. lack C. lacking D. lacked in31. The girl was last s

25、een near the park.A. missing; playing B. missing; playC. missed; play D. missed; to play.A. to repair bikes B. bikes to be repairedD. bikes being repaired D. repairing bikes32. The old man told the story in a voiceand the little girl felt veryA. frightening; frightenedB. frightened; frighteningC. fr

26、ightening; frighteningD. frightened; frightened33. Did you tell her the news? No, of course not.Butfrom what she said, she must have known about it.A. judge B. judged C. being judged D. judging34. full preparations, we decided to put off the meeting till next week. A. Not being made B. Having not ma

27、deC. Making not六.真题再现D. Not having made241. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door "Sorry to miss you; will call later." （99）A. read B. readsC. to readD. reading2. Recently a surveyprices of the sameA. compared B. comparingC. compares D.being comparedgoods in two different

28、 supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. （11 江苏 31, ）_less than 40 pounds child safety seat.3. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and "（2010浙江）A. being weighed C. weignedB. to weighD. weighingmust be in a4. The government plans to bring in new laws parents

29、to take more responsibility for_the education of their children.（09江西34）A. forcedB. forcing C. tobe forced D. having forced5. At the beginning of class,the noise of desks could be heard outside the classroom.A. opened and closedB. tobe opened and closed 2007全国 n ）C. being opened and closedD.to open

30、and close 6. The picture _ on the wall is painted bymy nephew. （2000 北安春招 15A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung7. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother' s voicehim（2007上海）A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call8. Theboy was last seennearthe East Lake. （2000 上

31、海 39）A. missing; playing B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to play 9.I was told that there were about 50 foreign st udentsChinese in the schoomostwere from Germany. （2006 辽宁） A. study; of whom study; of them C. studying; of them studying; of whom 10. While watching television,（2005全国田）A.

32、 the doorbell rang the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ringB.D.B.D.we heard the doorbell rings11. Whendifferent cultures ,we often pay attention only to the differences without notici ng the many similarities. 2006similarities.（2006浙江）B. being comparedA. compared B. being comparedC. comparing

33、 D. having compared 12. "Can' tyou read?" Mary saidto thenotice. （93）A. angrily pointing and point angrilyC. angrily pointed and angrily pointingB.D.13. The visiting Minister expressed hissatisfaction with the taltalks, enjoyed his stay here. （94）that he hadA. having addedB. to addC. a

34、ddingD.added14. The glass doorshave taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance,in thenatural light during the day （2007 天A. to letB. lettingC.letD. having let15. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year,a record US$ 57.65 abarrel on April 4. （2005 山东）A. have reached B.

35、 reachingC. to reach D. to be reaching16. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classesnowadays,advantageof the health and relaxation benefits. （2005A. takingB. takenC. having takenD. having been taken17. Suddenly, a tall man driving carriage the girl andinto the woods.a goldentook her2004 上A

36、. seizing; disappeared seized; disappearedC. Seizing; disappearing seized; disappearingB.D.18. The manager, products were poor in quality, decided，to give his workers further training. （2003 安 徽春招）hisfactory ' sA. knowingB. knownto knowD. being knownC.19. Though_ money, his parentsmanaged to sen

37、d him to university.（2002 上海）A. lacked C. lackingB. lacking of D. lacked in21. Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired,on your feet. （11 d匕京）A. to keep having keptB. kC.D. to have22. The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu,_the stud

38、ents to return totheir classrooms. （2010 江苏）A. enablingB. having enabledC. to enable D. to have enabled23. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, supplies to Yushu,Qin（2ghai Province after the 010earthquake.A. sending B. to send C. having sent D. to have sent24. The lady walked around

39、 the shops, an eye out for bargains. （2010 江西）A. keepB. keptC.keeping D. to keep25. At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, in a small apartment near Bostonandwhat to do about his future.（09湖南25）A. living; wonderingB.lived; wonderingC. lived; wonderD.living; wondered 26. When we visited my family home,

40、 memory came back. （09 江宁 22）A. floodingB. to floodC. floodD. flooded27. In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the hips in Qingdao, _ the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. （09福建）warsC.A. markingB. markedhaving marked D. being marked 29. . . their hats into the air, the fans of the w

41、inning team let out loud shouts of victory. （08A. To throwB. ThrownThrowing D. Being thrownC.31.in the fields on a March afternoon,A. To walkB.WalkingC. WalkedD.Having walked32. We had an anxious couple of weeks for the results of the experiment.（08 四TJ）A. waitB. to being waitingC. waited D. waiting

42、33. Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, somea life span of around 20 years.A. havingB. hadC.haveD. to have34. The storm left,a lot of damage to this area. （2005 全国）A. causedB. to have caused C.to cause D. having caused35. The manager,it clear to us that hedidn ' t agree with us, left the

43、 meeting roomA. who has made B. having madeC. madeD. making36. Dina, for months to find a job as awaitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. （2010 湖南）A. strugglingB. struggledC. having struggledD.to struggle37. _ such heavy pollution already, itA. sufferingB. To sufferHaving suffered D. sufferedC.may now be too late to clean up the river. （0138. _ _ _ that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. （ 0断江）A. Not realized B. Not