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1、代词的用法【用法讲解】1 .人称代词人称代词是表示 我“、你、池、我们“、你们、他们”等的词,有人称、数和格的变 化。单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称he, she, ithim, her, ittheythem人称代词的用法:1)作主语(用主格)We all like maths very much.我们都很喜欢数学。2)作宾语(用宾格)Would you mind giving her a hand?你能帮帮她吗?I m very pleased witht.我对它很满意。3)作表语(口语常用宾格)Open the door, pleas

2、e. It me: 请打开门, 是我。一、/注息:两个或者两个以上的人称代词并列的时候,单数形式排列一般是:第二人称在前面,第三人称在中间,第一人称在后面。如: You, he and I are all your father s students.我、你和他都是你父亲的学生。复数形式的排列一般是:第一人称在前面,第二人称在中间,第三人称在后面。如: We, you and they all go swimming after school.我们、你们和他们放学后都去游泳。如果表示承担错误和责任,一般把 I最前面。2 .物主代词物主代词表示所有关系,它可以分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词

3、两种形式。单数复数A人称第二人称第三人称第人称第二人称第三人称形容词性myyourhis, her, itsouryourtheir物主代词名词性 物主代词mineyourshis, hers, itsoursyourstheirs名词性物主代词可以在句子中作主语、表语和宾语,相当于形容词性物主代词+名词。如: This isn t my coat. Mine (=my coat) has been put in the classroom.这不是我的大衣,我的(大衣)已经放在教室里了。A student of his (= his students) has gone to America.

4、他的一个学生去美国了。形容词性物主代词在句子中作定语,后面接名词。如:This is my book.这是我的书。3 .反身代词表示 某人自己”的代词,叫反身代词,也叫自身代词。反身代词在句子中可以作宾语、表语 和同位语,需要注意反身代词与所指代的名词或代词在人称、性别和数上保持一致。反身代词的构成是:第一人称和第二人称是物主代词+ -self/sekes , ”第三人称是 宾格代词+ -self/selves ;”单数形式是加-self,复数形式是加-sekes。重点记忆下面的短语:by + oneself 某人独自enjoy oneself = have a good time 玩得开心、

5、teach oneself 自学help oneself to随便吃、喝如:Help to some fish, children!孩子们,随便吃点鱼吧。解析:本空用反身代词的复数形式yoursekes和动词help表示请随便吃点鱼”的意思。这里的yourselves指代孩子们自己,所以用复数形式。注意:反身代词没有所有格形式,但是可以用形容词性物主代词+own表示所有格含义。如: Please retell the story, using your own words.请用自己的话来复述这个故事。4 .不定代词不定代t有:some (something, somebody, someone

6、), any (anything , anybody, anyone), no(nothing , nobody, no one), every (everything , everybody , everyone), all, each, both, much, many, (a) little , (a) few , other(s), another, none, one, either, neither 等。1) a few, a little, few, littlefew和a few经常用来修饰或者代替可数名词;a little和little经常用来修饰或者代替不可数名词。a fe

7、w和a little的意思是 宥一点、有几个,表示肯定的意义;few和little的意思是 很 少、几乎没有”,表示否定的意义。如:We have a few friends here.我们在这里有几个朋友。There is a little water in my glass. Just have some, please.我的杯子里有一点水。请喝点吧。My father has few friends in the factory.我的爸爸在这家工厂里几乎没有朋友。There is little time left. We must hurry up.几乎没有时间了,我们必须快点。2) o

8、ne, it, this, thatone可以泛指任何人和事物,可以用在形容词和指示代词this和that的后面代替上文提到的可数名词,它的复数形式是ones。如:一 There are a lot of socks in the shop. What color do you want?商店有许多袜子,你要什么颜色的?一I want the red ones.我要红色的。it是指上文提到的或者下文将要提到的人、事物和情况。如:Who is speaking out of the door? 谁在门外面说话?I don t know. It may be your father.我不知道。可能

9、是你的爸爸。this和that是指示代词,this 一般用来指时间和空间上比较近的人或者事物。如:This is my father.这是我的爸爸。that 一般用来指时间和空间上比较远的人或者事物。如:What s that over there?那是什么?3) the other, others, the others, anotherothers表示泛指其他的人或者事物(但不一定是剩下的全部)。如:Some boys are cleaning the door, some are sweeping the floor, and others are playing outside. 一些

10、男孩在擦门,一些男孩在扫地,其他的在外面玩。the others是表示在特定范围内的其他的人或者事物,它表示剩下的其他全部。如:Five students in my class are girls, the others are all boys.我们班有5个学生是女生,其他的全部是男生。another是指三个或者三个以上的范围中的另一个“、再/又一个”,修饰单数名词,如果与复数名词连用的时候,复数名词的前面必须有基数词,意思是 另外的 如:This shirt is too big; I ll try ainothert 衫太大了;我试件别的。I want to have another

11、two apples. 我想再要两个苹果。the other是指两个中的另一个人或者事物,经常和 one连用,构成onethe other结构,表 示“(两个中)一个,另一个如: He took a book in one hand, and a bag in the other.他一只手拿着一本书,另一只手拿着一个包。4) something, anything, nothing , everything something的意思是 某些事物”,主要用于肯定句中;有时也用于疑问句中表示请求。如: The teacher wants to tell you something about th

12、e exam.老师想要告诉你一些关于考试的事情。Would you like something to eat? 你想吃点什么吗?everything的意思是 每件事物”,主要用于肯定句中,在否定句中表示部分否定。 如: Your teacher has already told me everything about your family.你的老师把你家庭的一切事情都告诉了我。I don t know everything about him.我并不知道他的每一件事。anything的意思是 任何事物”,主要用在否定句和疑问句中。如:Do you have anything to do t

13、onight? 你今天晚上有什么事情要做吗? Our teacher didn t say anything at the meeting.我们的老师在会议上什么也没有说。nothing的意思是 没有任何事物”,是表示否定意义的不定代词。如:I did nothing for your exam.对你的考试我什么事情也没有做。注意:形容词修饰something, anything, everything, nothing等时,要放在不定代词后面。如:I have something important to deal with. 我有重要的事要处理。5) all, both, either,

14、neither, noneall表示三者或者三者以上都如何。它的否定词是none,意思为 没有一个”。如:Well all come here to help you.我们大家都会来帮助你。None of us can answer his question.我们中没有一个人能回答他的问题。both是表示两者之间的人或者事物都如何。它的否定词是neither 0如:Both of my parents are farmers.我的父母都是农民。Neither of us are your teachers.我们两个都不是你的老师。either意思为两者之间的任何一个“。如:I have two

15、 tickets. Either you or your brother can go with me.我有两张票,你或者你的弟弟可以和我一起去。6) many, much这两个单词是同义词,都表示许多”的意思。many的后面用可数名词的复数形式;much用来修饰不可数名词。如: They have many friends in our school.他们在我们的学校有很多朋友。My sister has much homework to do tonight.我妹妹今天晚上有许多家庭作业要做。7) 关系代词和疑问代词1)关系代词有 who, whom , whose, that, whic

16、h , as等,可用作引导从句的关联词。它们 在定语从句中可作主语、 表语、宾语、定语等;另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修 饰的那个名词或代词(通称为先行词)。如: He is the man whom you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那个人。2)疑问代词有 who, whom , whose, what和which等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑 问代词都可用作连接代词,引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句)如:Tell me who he is.告诉我他是谁。【真题再现】1. Last month, we went to Li Zongs

17、heng s concert. The beautiful songs about his youngerdays reminded us to love. (2016 山西)A. yoursB. theirsC. ours2. 一 This book on idioms is interesting. Id like , where did you buy it, Simon? (2016 连 云港)-In the Amazon Bookstore.A. itB. thisC. thatD. one3. 一 Which of the two T-shirts would you like?

18、(2016 扬州) . I dont like their styles.A. EitherB. BothC. NoneD. Neither4. 一 Excuse me, may I use your bicycle? is broken. (2016 南京) Certainly. But remember to return it before lunch.A. IB. MeC. MyselfD. Mine5. We must protect plants. They are friends of. (2016 河北)A. weB. usC. ourD. ours6. We decide t

19、o make a rule for us room-mates to turn off the lights at 10:30 pm. (2016荷泽)A. thatB. thisC. itD. one7. 一 Which of the two pairs of shoes will you take? (2016 荷泽) 一I ll take. They are too small for me.A. both B. allC. either D. neither8. Oh, your shirt is the same. ( 2016 年烟台)A. as meB. with herC. w

20、ith mineD. as hers9. My star sign is Virgo and my characteristics are similar to described in that book. (2016镇江)A. themB. theseC. onesD. those10. 一 Is there beef in the fridge? (2016 年天津) No, there isnt. There is pork.A. some; any B. any; any C. some; some D. any; some11. 一 Would you like tea or co

21、ffee? (2016 广州)C. AllD. Some, thanks! Id prefer a coke.A. BothB. Neither12. 一 Here is a dictionary. Whose is it? (2016 福州)-Oh, its. Thank you.A. meB. my C. mine13. - Look at this model ship . I made it all by last week . (2017 广东)-Wow, you are so smart!A. me B. my C. mine D. myself14. I don t like w

22、atch. I like(2017 天津)A. me; your B. my; your C. me; yours D. my; yours15. Everyone makes mistakes in his or her life . The important thing is not to repeat . (2017 南京)A. itB. themC. him D. her16. Your home town is really nice! The air quality is as good as of Sanya. (2017 常州)A. itB. oneC. thatD. the

23、 one17. 一 Judy and I will go to the beach tomorrow . (2017 青海) It s so niceEnjoy.A. yourselves B. yourselfC. herself18. Unfortunately I was sitting at the table with smokers on side of me. (2017 杭州)A. eitherB. bothC. otherD. all19. Everyone likes my father because is friendly. (2017 陕西)A. hisB. him

24、C. heD. himself20. Hurry up, kids! The school bus is coming. We have time left. (2017 广州)A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little21. 一 Jane, is this your umbrella? (2017 福州) No, it s not. I didn t take one this morning.A. meB. myC. mine22. 一 What s your QQ number? (2017 南宁)一 is 355994127.A. I B. He C. It

25、D. She【答案与解析】1. Co句意:上个月,我们去听了李宗盛的音乐会。关于他年轻时代的美妙歌曲,提醒 我们要爱惜我们自己的青春。本题中三个选项都为名词性物主代词。由题干中的reminded us to love可知应用ours。remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事。Simon ?2. Do句意:一一这本有关成语的书很有趣,我想要一本,你在哪里买的,亚马逊书店。it指代前面提到的物,即同类同物;this这个,近指;that那个,远指;one指同类不同物。根据题意选 D项。3. D。解析:句意:一一这两件T你想要哪件?一一两件都不要,我不喜欢它们的样式。either两者之

26、一;both两者都;none三者或三者以上都不;neither两者都不。根据问句中the twoT-shirts可排除C项;根据答语I dont like their styles.可知,我两件都不要,故选 D项。4. Do解析:句意:一一打扰一下,我可以用你的自行车吗?我的坏了。一一当然。但是记得在午饭前还给我。根据句意,设空处指 my bike is broken,应用名词性物主代词, mine指代 my bike ,故选D项。5. Do句意:我们必须保护植物。它们是我们的朋友。由句意及设空后没有名词可知应用名 词性物主代词,故答案为D项。6. Co本句意为:我们决定设法制定一个规定,晚上

27、十点半之后关灯。在这里make it表示设法做到某事。故答案选Co7. D?本句意为:一一这两双鞋你喜欢哪双?一一两个都不喜欢,它们对于我来说太小了。由答语的后半句可知,该处应该表示为:两者都不;故答案选D。8. D。句意:哦,你的裙子和她的一样。the same as指的是两个东西或者人是一样的;the samewith指的是前者的情况也适合后面的人或物。根据句意,此处比较的是裙子,所以选有as的A或D。又因为 A项后面是人称代词 me (我),不合句意;D项后面是名词性物主代词hers (=her skirt),与句意吻合,故选 D。9. Do我是处女座,我的性格和那本书上描写的那些相似。

28、those代指那本书上的那些关于处女座的描述。them他们/她们/它们,代指上文提到的原人和原物;these表示近指“这些;those 常表示远指“那些 ;ones常代指同类中的某些事物。故选 D。10. Do此题考察不定代词 some和any的用法,表示 J些,some用于肯定句,any用于 否定句和疑问句。11. Bo题目中一人提问另一人需要喝茶或者咖啡吗?而横线后的回答是我更想要喝可乐, 可见回答需要用不定代词neither o12. Co 这儿有一本词典,它是谁的?一一噢,它是我的。谢谢。由句意及设空处后无名词可知,应用名词性物主代词,故答案为C项。13. D。句意为:看这个轮船模型。

29、 我上周自己做的。 哇,你太聪明了! by oneself意为“(某 人)独自地,单独地”。故选Do14. Do第一个空后面是名词,所以此题应填形容词性物主代词,排除答案A和C;第二个空后没有名词,所以应该填名词性物主代词。故答案为Do15. Bo句意:每个人在他/她的一生中都会犯错误,重要的是不要重复这些错误。因为指代 的是这些错误”,是第三人称的复数,而且是做动词的宾语,要用宾格的形式。故选 B项。16. C。句意:你的故乡真漂亮,空气质量和三亚的一样好。 题空中的代词应该代指 air quality, 代指不可数名词用that; it是代指上文提及的同一个东西; one是泛指,the o

30、ne是特指。故 选Co17. A。句意为“我和Judy明天要去海边玩。” “真好。祝你们玩得开心。”由题干中的“July and I可知,是两个人,因此反身代,应用复数形式。故选 Ao18. Ao either表示“两者之一”,后加单数名词,而 both后+复数名词,意为“两者都”, 故选Ao19. Co句意:每个人都很喜欢我的父亲,因为他很友好。his他的,形容词性和名词性物主代词;him他,宾格形式,作宾语;he他,主格形式,作主语;himself他自己,反身代词。根据句子结构可知缺少主语,故选Co20. Co句意:孩子们,快点!校车就要来了,我们没有时间了。首先,few修饰可数名词,li

31、ttle修饰不可数名词。句中time是不可数名词,排除A和B。再根据题意Hurry up可知表示否定意思 几乎没有时间,故选Co21. Co本题考查代词用法,在句中指代“我的雨伞” ,且题空后没有名词,故选择名词性物 主代词mine。22. Co此处应用it指代“QQ number”。故选 C。【巩固练习】单项选择。1. Is the woman a teacher?Yes. She teaches English.A. you B. us C. our D. your2. - We don t know he is.-He is a doctor.A. what B. which C. wh

32、o D. whom3. How was your visit to the World Park in Beijing?-Wonderful! We enjoyed very much.A. itself B. myself C. yourselves D. ourselves4. Whatever you do,is difficult if you put your heart into it.A . nothing B. anything C. somethingD. everything5. 一 Excuse me, is this new camera?Yes, it s.A. yo

33、ur; my B. your; mine C. yours; my D. yours; mine6. An old friend of my sister s always helps my brotherhand English.A. I; our B. me; ourselves C. I; my D. me; our7. When shall we go to the museum, this afternoon or tomorrow morning?一 is OK. I m free these days.A. BothB. AllC. EitherD. Neither8. Wow!

34、 You ve got so many skirtsBut of them is in fashion now .A. allB. bothC. neitherD. none9. Please give English book to her.A. meB. IC. mineD. my10. 一 Where is my notebook?I don t know. It isn t here. Maybe took it away by mistake.A. everybody B. nobody C. anybody D. somebody11. are all college studen

35、ts, so we can help the old man solve the problem.A. You, he and I B. He, you and I C. You, I and he D. I, he and you12. Look at those red bags.are all for.A. They; they B. We; you C. They; us D. We; them13. Can you take these apples to?are all in the box, too.A. your; Yours B. him; HimC. yours; Her

36、D. her; Yours14. Could I talk to you for minutes, Mike?一Sorry, I have time.A. a few; littleB. little; fewC. few; littleD. a little; a few15. 一 Who is singing in the classroom?一 must be my sister. She likes singing.A. ItB. SheC. ThisD. He16. These sweaters are too small for me. Please show me one.A.

37、other B. othersC. the others D. another17. 一 Your English is very good. Who taught you?Nobody. I taught.A. meB. himC. himselfD. myself18. I have two brothers. One is a teacher, and is a doctor.A. otherB. the other C. another D. the others19. There is salt left, so you need to buy some this afternoon.A a fewB. fewC. a little D. little20. 一 Do you know everyone from Class One? Er ,I know some of.A. theyB. theirC. theirs D. them【答案与解析】单项选择。

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