中考复习八 情态动词及其被动语态

1、中考复习八 情态动词及其被动语态 撰稿：赵吉存责编：郭素清 考试要求： 中考要求掌握.情态动词在一般疑问句的问与答，理解情态动词表示猜测的用法及情态动词的被动语态应用。知识总结：情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，认为“可能”，“应该”或“必要”等。情态动词本身词义不完全，不能独立作谓语动词，必须和动词原形连用（ought除外）。情态动词没有人称和单复数的变化。常用情态动词有can(could), may(might), must, ought to, have to, need, dare, shall(should), will(would)。1. 情态动词can 和could的主要

2、用法（1）表示能力，“能，会”。 Can you swim? His granny is over eighty but still can read without glasses. 注意：can和be able to表示“能力”时的区别a. can只有现在式和过去式两种形式，而be able to除了现在式和过去式，还有将来式和完成式等多种 形式。 She will be able to help you tomorrow afternoon. This is the information that I have been able to get so far. b. can一般表示习惯

3、的能力，而be able to表示特定的具体能力。 I could swim when I was very young. He is able to swim across this river. c. be able to的主语必须是人或动物，而can没有这样的限制。 No one can / is able to do it. The book can be finished in two days. （2）表示“许可”，“允许”。can 和could没有时态上的区别，could比can在语 气上更客气；在回答could引导的一般疑问句时要用can。 Could/Can you tell

4、 me the way to the railway station? Could I use your pen? Yes, of course you can. （3）表示“可能”，多用于否定句和疑问句。 We know that a computer cant think for itself. Can she still be alive after all these years?（4）表示否定推测，“不可能”。 The shy boy cant(couldnt) be our monitor. （对现在情况的否定推测） The ground is dry. It cant have

5、rained last night. （对过去情况的否定推测）2. 情态动词may和might 的主要用法（1）表示许可，意为“可以”。 might比may语气上更客气，更委婉。在回答may和might引导的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用may， 否定回答要用mustnt。 May/Might I go now? Yes, you may. No, you mustnt. May/Might I have a talk with you?（2）表示可能性，“可能”，might的可能性比较小。 You may/might walk for miles here without meeting anyo

6、ne. He may/might be sick. （3）表示可能情况的推测，might的可能性比较小。 That woman goes into the classroom. She may/might be our teacher. They might/may have gone out at that time. （4）表示祝愿。（may+名词或代词+动词） May you succeed! May God bless you!3. 情态动词must 的主要用法（1）must表示“必须”，“应该”，否定式must not/mustnt表示“不准”，“禁止”。 在回答must引导的一般疑

7、问句时，否定回答要用neednt或dont have to。 The work must be finished as soon as possible. You mustnt speak that way to your mother in future. Must I be home before ten oclock? No, you neednt/dont have to.（2）表示肯定推测，“一定”，“肯定”。 You must be hungry after such a long walk. （对现在的肯定推测） I didnt heart the phone. I must h

8、ave been asleep. （对过去的肯定推测）注意：must和have to的区别must表示说话人的主观看法，而have to表示客观需要；must只有一种形式，可用于一般现在时和一般将来时，而have to有多种形式，可用于不同时态。I must be at the railway station at two oclock. Its very important. I have to be at my office before eight every morning. The students of today will have to decide how to use th

9、e computers of tomorrow.4. 情态动词 need 的主要用法（1）need作情态动词一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件句。 need无人称变化，后接动词原形，意思是“需要”。 在回答need引导的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt。 He neednt do that. Need you go now? Yes, I must. No, I neednt. 注意：need可用作行为动词，用法与一般的行为动词一样。We need to think it over. Does he need to go now?She didnt need to know

10、it. （2）need have done表示过去需要做某事而实际上没有做；neednt have done表 示过去某动作已经发生而实际上不必发生。 You need have painted the wall light yellow The bus stop is not far, you neednt have hurried there early. 5. 情态动词 shall 的主要用法（1）shall用作情态动词，用于第二和第三人称，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令”，“警告”， “允诺”的意思。 You shall do as I say. You can tell him that

11、 he shall have it tomorrow. （2）在疑问句中，shall用来征询对方的意见或请求指示，多用于第一人称。 Shall we take a walk after dinner? Shall I open the window? Its hot here. Lets go home together, shall we?6. 情态动词 should 的主要用法（1）表示“应该”，说话人主观上认为的责任和义务，可用于所有人称。 You should keep your promise once you make it. I told him that he should b

12、e more careful. （2）should have done表示过去应该做而实际上没有做的事，而shouldnt have done表示过去不应 该做而实际上已经做了的事。 Its eleven oclock. He should have arrived there by now. You shouldnt have told anyone about that. 7. 情态动词ought to 的主要用法（1）表示“应该”，没有人称和时态的变化，只有一种形式。 否定形式为ought not to（缩写形式为oughtnt to），疑问形式为ought+主语+to+动词。 You

13、ought to do it now. Ought we to obey the school rules? Yes, you ought(to). No, you ought not(to).（2）ought to have done表示过去本应该做而实际上没有做，oughtnt to have done表示过去本不 应该做而实际上已经做了。 You ought to have come here that day, but you didnt. You oughtnt to have studied geography. 8. 情态动词 will 的主要用法（1）表示“意志”，“意愿”，用

14、于个人称。 You have to go there alone, whether you will or not. We will help her if she asks to us. （2）在疑问句中用于第二人称，表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求。 Will you please give him a message when you see him? Will you go with us?（3）表示习惯性动作，“总是”，“惯于”。 Fish will die out of water. She will talk for hours if you give her the chan

15、ce. 9. 情态动词 would 的主要用法（1）would是 will 的过去式，表示过去的“意志”，“愿望”，用于各个人称。 She said that she would do that whatever happened. I promised you that I would do my best to help you. （2）用于陈述句和疑问句中表示说话人的意愿或向对方提出请求，语气比will委婉。 Would you like some apples? Yes, Id like to. I would like to go with you tonight. 10理解含有情态

16、动词的被动语态构成形式及其基本用法情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词; 其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，“be+过去分词”部分不变。Tables can be made of stone. 桌子可由石头制造。Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句）含有情态动词的被动语态变为否定句时，应在情态动词后面加not；变为一般疑问句时，应将情态动词移到句首。Waste paper should not be thr

17、own here. 废纸不应该扔在这里。Should it be done by Li Ming？ 这件事应该是李明干吗？含有情态动词的主动语态变为被动语态时，要把主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态中的主语；主动语态中的谓语动词变为“情态动词+助动词be+过去分词”； 主动语态中的主语变为介词by 的宾语，放在句尾（如果不强调动作的执行者，by短语常可省略）。Parents should allow fourteen-year-olds to choose their own clothes.父母应该允许十四岁的少年选择他们自己的服装。Fourteen-year-olds should be all

18、owed to choose their own clothes（by parents）。易错点点拨1语境理解错误 Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace? Sorry, Im not sure. But it must be.解析 由“Im not sure”说明说话者的语气并不肯定，考查情态动词might表推测的用法。所以要改must为might。情态动词表示推测时，肯定句中用might，may，must，其肯定程度递增。2. 否定形式混淆The man in the office mustnt be Mr. Black

19、because he went home just now.解析由“he went home just now”可知，办公室里那个人不可能是Mr. Black。mustnt 意为“一定不要”表示禁止做某事， cant意为“不可能”，表示否定推测，所以改mustnt为cant。情态动词的否定式含义不同，要牢记每个否定式的不同含义。3. 相似词语混淆Can you go surfing with us this afternoon?Id like to. but I must look after my little sister at home, because my mother is ill

20、.解析由“my mother is ill”为客观要求可知应用have to，相似词组must表示主观愿望，所以改must为have to。要明白同义词组表示主客观需求的不同用法。4. 疑问答语易混May I take this book out of the reading room? No, you neednt. Please read it here.解析May I？的否定答语为No, you cantmustnt.；Must l？的否定答语为No, you needntdont have to.；Can I？的否定答语为No, you cant. 所以改neednt.为mustnt。

21、在口语交际中，要体会句子中的情感差别, 要注意情感的细微变化。真题解析1_ you turn down your radio, please? Yes, I can. （2010 北京）AMay BNeed CMust DCan解析答案是D。句意：你能把收音机声音调低一些吗?好的，可以。本题考查情态动词的用法。由答句“Yes，I can”可知答案为D项。2Can I wear any clothes I like to school? No, you cantYou _ wear a uniform. （2010 天津）Amight Bmust Cwill Dwould解析答案是B。 句意：我

22、可以穿我喜欢的任何一件衣服去上学吗?不，你不能。你必须穿校服。本题考查情态动词的用法。might可能，也许；must必须；will将要；would意愿。根据句意说话者要表达命令的语气，故选B项。3Everyone _ go through the security check (安检) when ebtering the World Expo Park. （2010 上海）Acan Bmay Cmust Dought解析答案是C。 句意：当进入世博园时，每个人必须通过安检。本题考查情态动词。can能，可能；may可以；must必须；ought应该。根据常识及实际情况，进人世博园必须安检。故选C

23、。4Must I clean the room now? No，you _.You can do it tomorrow. （2010 重庆）Amustnt Bmust Cneednt Dneed解析答案是C。 句意：我现在必须打扫房间吗?不必，你可以明天打扫。本题考查情态动词。对must引起的疑问句的否定回答要用neednt。5Its the library! So you _ know shouting is not allowed here（2010 江苏南京）Acan Bmust Cneed Dmay解析答案是B。 句意：这是图书馆!所以你必须得知道这里不允许大声喧哗。本题考查情态动词

24、的用法。must在本句表示“必须”；can表示能力，可能；need需要；may可以，可能。根据句意，可知答案为must。6I saw Kevin in the supermarket this morning No，it _ himHe moved to Canada last week（2010 广东）Acan be Bmust be Ccant be Dmustnt be解析答案是C。 句意：今天早晨我在超市看到了Kevin。不，不可能是他。上个星期他搬到加拿大了。本题考查了情态动词表推测的用法。根据后句“He moved to Canada last week”可知说话者要表达“不可能”

25、，故答案应为C。can表示“可能”时，常用于否定句和疑问句；must表推测时，意为“一定”，常用于肯定句。7Look at that girl! Is it Susan? No, it _ be her. She has gone back to her hometown. （2010 湖北武汉）Amustnt Bcant Cneednt Dwouldnt解析答案是B。 句意：看那个女孩!是苏珊吗?不，不可能是她。她已经回老家了。本题考查情态动词的用法。根据句意，可推断设空处表示“不可能”，故答案为B项。can表推测时，常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。mustnt禁止，不可以；neednt不必

26、；wouldnt可表示“不愿意”等。8Im feeling much better now so you _ call the doctor. （2010 浙江杭州）A. couldnt B. wouldnt C. cant D. neednt解析答案是D。 句意：我现在感觉好多了，所有你没有必要去叫医生了。本题考查情态动词的用法。need用作情态动词时通常用在否定句中，neednt意为“没必要”，相当于dont have to。9This desk is too heavy. I _ move it. Could you help me? No problem（2010 浙江温州）Acan

27、Bcant Cshould D.shouldn't解析答案是B。 句意：这张桌子太重了。我搬不动。你能帮我一下吗?没问题。本题考查情态动词用法。can表示人的能力；should应该。由heavy和后面的寻求帮助可推知是能力上搬不动。故选B。10The lake is said to be dryIs that true?It _Look，some kids are swimming in it（2010 四川成都）Amust be true Bcant be true Cmay not be true解析答案是B。句意：据说那个湖干了，是真的吗?不可能是真的。看，还有小孩儿在里面游泳呢

28、。本题考查情态动词。must be一定是；cant be不可能是，表把握性很大的推测；may not be可能不是。根据句意可知答案为B项。11Dad，must I do my homework now?NoYou _ play games with your friends for a little while（2010 福建福州）Awould Bneednt Cmay解析答案是C。句意：爸爸，现在我必须做作业吗?不，你可以和你的朋友玩一会儿游戏。本题考查情态动词的用法。根据句意，可知设空处表示说话者的允许，故答案为C项。A：愿意；B：不必；C：可以。12What will the weat

29、her be like tomorrow?It _ be rainy, cloudy or sunny. Who knows? （2010 安徽）Amust Bmight Cshall Dshould解析答案是B。 句意：明天的天气怎样? 可能有雨、多云或者晴天，谁知道呢?本题考查情态动词的用法。must意为“一定”；might意为“可能”，表示一种可能性，且可能性很小；shall与第二、三人称连用表示说话者的建议、命令、允诺；should意为“应该”，表示一种义务、责任或推断。根据题干中Who knows?可知说话者对说话内容把握不大，故用might。故选B项。13How was the y

30、outh club last night, Mark?It was great fun. You _ come. （2010 江西）Amust Bcan Cshould Dmay解析答案是C。句意：Mark，你觉得昨晚的青年俱乐部怎么样?非常有趣。你应该来的。本题考查情态动词的用法。must一定；can能；should应该；may可以。根据语境：聚会在昨晚已举行过，Mark觉得很有趣，对方应该来，故用情态动词should。14_ your American friend eat with chopsticks?Yes，but he cant use them well（2010 山西）ACan

31、 BShould CMust解析答案是A。 句意：你的美国朋友会用筷子吃饭吗?会，但他用得不太好。本题考查情态动词的用法。can能；should应该；must必须。根据句意，可知设空处表示能力，故答案为A项。15. _ I take some photos in the hall? (2010广州市)No, you _ .A. Can; neednt B. Must ; mustnt C. Could; wont D. May; mustnt解析答案是D。 句意：我可以在大厅里拍照吗？不，你不一定不要。；May I？的否定答语为No, you cantmustnt. Must l？的否定答语为

32、No, you needntdont have to.；Can I？的否定答语为No, you cant. 所以改neednt.为mustnt。在口语交际中，要体会句子中的情感差别, 要注意情感的细微变化。自我检测一、单项选择1Although I tried, I _ not succeed. A. would B. should C. might D. could2The last bus has gone. We _ go home on foot. A. could B. must C. have to D. can3Could you lend me your dictionary?

33、 Yes, I _. A. might B. could C. can D. may4I think I _ speak Japanese very well when I finish my lessons. A. could B. am able C. can D. shall be able to5You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. A. mustnt B. neednt C. may not D. cannot6_ you please tell me how to get to

34、the airport?A. Shall B. May C. Should D. Will7I cant find my pen anywhere. I _ it. A. would have lost B. should have lostC. must have lostD. might lose8Post the letter for me when you go out, _ you?A. will B. do C. dont D. shall9It was so dark outside that he _ go out alone. A. dared not to B. dared

35、 not C. dares not D. doesnt dare to 10Since the ground is wet, it _ last night. A. must have rainedB. should have rained C. must rain D. has rained 11. You ought _ have done so even if possible. A. not to B. to not C. not D. never 12. He smokes too much. Well, he used to smoke more than he _ now. A.

36、 did B. does C. could D. has13. I_work out the maths problem yesterday, but I can work it out now.A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. neednt14. Judging by her accent, she _ be an American. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. will15. You _ to the meeting tomorrow if you have something important to do. A. nee

37、dnt come B. neednt to come C. dont need comeD. dont need coming二、用方框内的情态动词填空。（每词只用一次）need, can, cant, shall, shouldnt, may, must, mustnt, have to, would 1. _ I show him the way? No，you neednt.2. Can you answer this question in French? No, I_.3. May I keep the book for three weeks? No, you_.4. Nobody

38、_live without air or water.5. You_not worry. Everything will be all right.6. _I have some chocolates now? No, you mustnt.7. Children_be left alone.8. I_finish my homework before I go to bed.9. _we go out for a walk? Thats a good idea.10_you like some fish?三、完形填空（2010 重庆模拟）Several days ago, some stud

39、ents from the US visited our school. When we talked, I discovered 1differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class 2fifty minutes in the US. It is a little 3than that in China. We usually have forty-five minutes in each class. Another difference is that they have less br

40、eak time between 4. Besides, although most schools in both countries finish their 5classes at 12 oclock, the students in the US only have an hour-long break, so they 6eat lunch quickly. Their afternoon classes begin at 1:00 pm and school is over 73:00 pm. Then they take part in club activities or pl

41、ay sports.Many Chinese students dont work during their high school years, while the US students like to find a part-time job in 8free time. They dont have a dream job in mind. They think 9is no difference between jobs. Working is a useful experience for them and they make money at the same time. Som

42、e of them even take one-year full-time jobs 10they leave high school and then go to college.1Ano BfewClittleDsome2AlastsBfinishes CstartsDstays3AshorterBlonger Cearlier Dlater4AschoolsBclasses Cmeals Dstudents5AdayBnightCmorning Dafternoon6Acant Bmustnt Cneed to Dare able to7Ain BforCduringDaround8A

43、my BhisCtheir Dyour9Ait BthereCthatDthis10Aafter Bwith Cwhile Dduring四、阅读理解（2010 福建福州）It was Mothers DayA man stopped his car at a flower shop to order some flowersHe wanted the shopkeeper to send the flowers to his mother，who lived two hundred miles awayAs he got out of his car，he found a young gir

44、l sitting on the road cryingHe asked her what was wrong and she replied，“I want to buy a red rose for my mother，but I only have seventy-five centsA rose costs two dollars”The man smiled and said，“Come into the shop with me，and Ill buy you a rose”He bought the little girl her rose and ordered his own

45、 mothers flowersAs they were leaving，he offered to drive the girl homeShe said，“Yes，please! You can take me to my mother”She brought him to a cemetery(墓地)，where she placed the rose on the graveThe man was movedHe returned to the flower shop，picked up the flowers he ordered，and drove two hundred mile

46、s to his mothers houseToday is the day for your motherSend a flower to your kind and beautiful mother1The man went to the shop to _Ahave a rest Bhelp the girlCbuy some food Dorder some flowers2The mans mother lived _ away from himA2 kilometers B75 miles C200 miles D200 kilometers3The girl was crying

47、 on the road because _Ashe was hungry Bshe got hurtCshe couldnt afford a roseDshe couldnt find her way home4After the man bought the girl a rose，they went to _ togetherAthe cemetery Bhis shopCthe girls home Dhis mothers house5We can learn from the passage that _Athe girl loved flowers very muchBthe girl loved her mother very muchCthe shopkeeper sent the flowers to the mans motherDthe man drove to his mothers house to look after her答案与解析一、单项选择1. D 该句的意思是“尽管我努力了，但是我还是没