被动语态知识点讲解更全面思路清晰

1、被动语态、主动语态与被动语态的概念：语态-说明主语和谓语之间的关系英语动词的语态有两种：主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者（常常没在有必要 指出动作的执行者情况下使用）例: They speak English.（主动语态）（被动语态）English is spoken by them.主语 谓语 介词短语注：及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态例： We listen tothe teacher carefully in class.主谓宾carefully in class.f The teacher is liste ned toby

2、us主语谓语 介词短语(2)We laughed at him .f He was laughed at by us.被动语态的结构与应用情况：基本结构：肯定句式：be +done （及物动词的过去分词）如果是不及物动词+相应的介词或副词否定句式：be +not +done疑问句式：be动词（情态动词）放句首被动语态中的be为助动词，无意义。be可能是am , is , are 也可能是 was ,were 或原形 be。注：被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什 么时态，be后面的过去分词不变。Eg：1、T he song is liked by young peop

3、le.（肯 定句）2、T he song isn t liked by young people（否定句）3、Is the song liked by young people ?（一般疑问句）4 Who is the song liked by ?=By whom is the song liked?（特殊疑问句）各种时态的构成（动词以do为例）：时态动词的被动形式般现在时 am/is -/aredone例句He is asked to do this.一般过去时 was/were done mother.The story was told by her般将来时 will /shall b

4、e doneThe problem will bediscussed tomorrow.Is/are going to过去将来时should/would bedoneHe said the treeswould be pla nted soon.Was/were are going to 现在进行时am/is/are being donewritte n.The no vel is being过去进行时 was/were being doneAt that time the desk wasbeing made.现在完成时 has/have been doneThe house has bee

5、 n built.过去完成时 had been done had bee n fini shed.They said that their work含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+ done Your homework must behan ded in today.其它几种特殊句型：It is said that .? ? ? ?lt is well knownthat .? ? It is reported that?例： History is made by the people.（一般现在时） The cars were made in Tianjin in 1995.（一般过

6、去时） The tree will be cut down next year.（一般将来时） The room must be kept clea n.（含有情态动词的被动语态） The door is being opened.（现在进行时） The film has been seen by me.（现在完成时）注：不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词be的变化上，同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。（三）应用情况行为的执行者不明确或不必说出来。Eg: A stra nger was killed last ni ght.用于强调动作的承受者而不是执行者。Eg: The s

7、tory is told everywhere in the city.主动语态改被动语态的方法: 方法分为三步：把原主动句中的 宾语改成主语 （如果是人称代词同时应把 宾格改为主格）谓语 动词改为被动形式 be done（ 时态不变，人称和数必须和 新主语一致 ）把原主动句的主语，如果需要的话放在介词by后面，以指明做事的人或物，如果没有必要则省去（by短语 是代词，要用宾格形式）例： 1） The man killed a tiger.A tiger was killed by the man .（改的过程中要注意时态和语态两个方面 ）2）Theyare repairing the mac

8、hine. The machine is being repaired by them.3） The workers have done the job. The job has been done by the workers.四、 特殊句型的被动语态：含有使役动词（make/let /have）或感官动词（hear ,see, listen to ,look at ,find ,watch, feel, notice, observe等）的句子，在主动语态中这些词后常跟不带 to 的动词不定式， 但是在改成被动语态时， 则一定要把省去的 to 再加上 去，另外 help 这一个词在主动语态

9、中后面的动词不定式可以带 to, 也可不带 to, 但 在被动语态中也必须把 to 加上去。例： Mother ofte n makesme do some housework.f I amoften made to do some housework by mother.We saw him run into the classroom.f He was see n to runinto the classroom by us.teach ,give ,pass ,show ,buy, tell等动词常常带有两个宾语（双宾语:直接宾语和间接宾语），改为被动语态时，两个宾语可以选其中任一个作主

10、 语。如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语（一般是人）前要加相应的 介词 to/for。例： S he gave me a pen.= She gave a pen to me.f I was give n a pen by her.f A pen was give n to me by her. My father bought me a new bike.= My father bought a new bike for me.f I was bought a new bike by my father.f A new bike was bought for me by my fathe

11、r.由不及物动词（vi ） +介词/副词+宾语的句子改成被动语态时，介词或副词 不能丢掉。（前面已举过两例）常见的这类短语动词有:take care of, look after, take off, look at, send for, look up等。例：W e should speak to old people politely.f Old people shouldbe spoke n to politely ( by us).He took away the box.f The box was taken away by him.含有宾语补足语的句子改为变动语态。（宾补放在原来位

12、置不变）例： We call him Xiao Ma.主谓宾宾补fH e is called Xiao Ma by us. He found the book very in teresti ng.f The book was found very in terest ing by him.(5) 主动表示被动Want, n eed, require表“需要”时有两种被动语态形式。The room requires clea ning.requires to be clea ned.Worth doi ng表示被动。The book is well worth read ing.五、没有被动语

13、态的动词1. 表示状态或特征的及物动词如 : sell, study, grow, begin, read, cost,fit, have, suit 等没有被动形式，2. 不及物动词或动词短语如: appear,die ,disappear, end （vi. 结束 ）,fail, last, lie, rema in, sit, spread （传播），sta nd, cometrue, fall asleep, rise,.result from（ 缘于）,belong to, consist ofhappen = take place, break out（ 爆发） ， break d

14、own（ 坏了 ）3. 大多数系动词：be ,feel （摸起来）,sound（听起来）,look（看起来）,smell（闻 起来） taste（尝起来） ,prove（ 证明）， turn, become, remain, stay 等词无被动语态，它们的主动形式表示被动意义。例： The skirt feels very soft.这件裙子摸起来很柔软。Many changes have happened in our hometown.The film lasted for 3 hours.The book sells well.The kind of clothcleans/washe

15、s easily.被动语态考点归纳 主动语态改为被动语态时，被动语态应和主动语态的时态保持一致。We speak English . （改为被动语态） English by us.分析此句主动语态为一般现在时态， 被动语态也应用一般现在时态， 因此， 答案应是 is spoken 。注意被动语态的谓语结构：一般现在时是： am / is / are + p.p ；一般过去 时是： was / were + p.p；现在完成时是： have / has / been + p.p ；现在进行时是： am / is / are / + being + p.p；含有情态动词的是：情态动词 be + p

16、.p 。（注： p.p 过去分词）。Wemust take good care of our eyes. （改为被动语态） Our eyes must good care of.分析此句中含有情态动词 must，那么，我们根据“情态动词+ be+p.p. ” 的公式可知，答案应是 be taken 。3. 注意句中主谓语的一致关系。Tea （grow）in southeast of China and India.分析此句中主语 tea 是不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词应用单数形式。而 此句说明的又是一自然现象，因此就应用一般现在时态。所以，答案应是 is grown。4. 注意复合宾语的变化T

17、hey couldn t make the cow go. （改为被动语态）分析the cow go在句中作make的复合宾语。一般情况下，变为被动语态 后，宾语补足语的结构形式、所处位置原封不动地保存下来，但 make/ have / let / see / watch / hear 等后原可省的 to 要还原回来。显然，此句中， the cow go 中省去的 to 应还原回来，因此答案应是 The cow couldn t be madeto go.5. 注意双宾语的变化。Mr Smith showed the students two pictures yesterday . （改为被动语态）Two pictures the students by Mr Smith.分析变为被动语态时，双宾语中的任何一个皆可变为主语，一般变直接宾 语，但间接宾语前必须加上介词to或for。此句中显然是把直接宾语变