英语中级听力课程Lesson27

1、文档来源为：从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持Lesson27Interviewer:Iunderstandyou'reinterestedinholisticmedicine.Canyouexplainwhatholisticmedicineis?Vivienne:OK.Holisticmedicine,um,takesintoconsiderationthewholeoftheperson.Nowwhatthismeansin,inmostholisticsystemsisregardingthepersonasaphysicalentity,amentaloremo

2、tionalperson,andalsoeventheirspiritualsideofthem.Um,italsoincludeslookingatthebodyasawholeratherthanlookingatindividualpartsofthebody,andasawayofexplainingthis,wecouldlookatconventionalmedicineasproducingpeoplewhoarelikeacardiologist,wholooksataheart,um,abrainspecialist,apersonwhodealswithbones,er,e

3、tc.Sowhatwe'vetendedtodoinconventionalmedicineisbreakthingsdowntoapointwherewe'reactuallyonlylookingatonepartofthepersonandwe'renotactuallyrelatingterriblywellthatparttotherestofthebody,whereasholisticmedicineinsiststhatifthereisaproblem,er,withyourrightfoot,thatisgoingtosomehow,um,affec

4、tyourentirebody.Interiewer:Um,yourspecialityisacupuncture.Er,isthatapartofholisticmedicine?Vivienne:Acupunctureisverymuchaholisticsystem.Um,traditionallytheChineseregardedthepersonverymuchasawholeentityandacupunctureitselfworksonanenergysystembasically,andinaverysimplifiedway,it'ssayingthat,er,y

5、ouhaveanenergysystemwithinyourbodyandwhenthatenergybecomesblockedortaintedinsomeway,thenyouwillmanifestcertainsymptomsandthethingsthatwelookatinconventionalmedicineasthingslikearthritisorrheumatismare,totheChinese,merelyanimbalanceoftheenergy.So,inthisway,theymaysaytoyou,well,yes,youhaverheumatoidar

6、thritisbutwe'regoingtoactuallylookatyourenergybalanceandrebalanceyou,and,asaresult,yoursymptomsshoulddisappear.Interviewer:Um,isacupunctureessentiallyaformofpreventativemedicine?Vivienne:Traditionally,itwas,verymuch.Um,infact,traditionally,inChina,peopleonlyusedtopaythedoctorwhiletheywerewelland

7、theyusedtogototheirdoctorfairlyregularlyon,youknow,maybefourorfivetimesayear,andtheywouldonlypaythedoctorwhentheywerekeptwell.Andiftheygotsick,theydidn'tpaythedoctor.Andthedoctorhadvariousmethodsofwhichacupuncturewasone,dietwasanother,exercisewasanother,er,ofensuringthatthepersonlivedarightlifes

8、tyleandtheiremphasiswasonifyou'relivingarightlifestyle,ifyou'relivingintunewiththelawsoftheuniverse,goingtosleepwhenit'sdark,wakingupwhenit'slight,working,resting,doingallthesethingsproperly,thenyouwon'tgetsick.Unfortunately,ourwayoflookingatlifeintheWestisverydifferentinthatwete

9、ndtostruggleoninspiteofourheadacheandnottaketerriblymuchnoticeofourbodywhenthingsarenotquiterightandwetendtostruggleonuntilwefalloverandwegetcartedofftohospitalinanambulance.Andso,acupunctureintheWest,unfortunately,inaway,hascometobenotthepreventativemedicinethatitcouldbebecausewe'renottakingres

10、ponsibilityenoughforourselvesingoingalongandmakingsurethatwestaywell.Janice:Soyoureallybelievethatclothescarryakindofmessageforotherpeopleandthatwhatweputonisinsomewayareflectionofwhatwefeel?Pauline:Ohyes,verymuchso.Peoplearebeginningnowtotakeseriouslytheideaofakindofpsychologyofclothing,tobelieveth

11、atthereisnotjustindividualtasteinourclothesbutalsoathinkingbehindwhatwewearwhichistryingtoexpresssomethingwemaynotevenbeawareofourselves.Janice:Butsurelythishasalwaysbeenthecase.Wealldressupwhenwewanttoimpresssomeone,suchasforajobinterviewwithaprospectiveemployer;wetendtomakeaneffortandputonsomethin

12、gsmart.Pauline:True,butthat'saconsciousact.WhatI'mtalkingaboutismoreofasubconsciousthing.Takeforexamplethestudentwhoisawayfromhomeatcollegeoruniversity:ifhetendstowraphimselfupmorethantheothers,thisisbecauseheisprobablyfeelinghomesick.Similarly,ageneralfeelingofinsecuritycansometimestakethef

13、ormofover-dressinginwarmerclothesthanarenecessary.Janice:Canyougiveanyotherexamplesofthiskind?Pauline:Yes.Ithinkpeoplewhoaresociableandoutgoingtendtodressinanextrovertway,preferringbrighterormoredazzlingcoloursyellows,brightreds,andsoon.Inthesameway,whatmightbeseenasaparallelwiththeanimalkingdom,agg

14、ressiveclothesmightindicateanaggressivepersonalityorattitudetolife.Thinkaboutthethreatdisplaysusedby3文档来源为：从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持animalswhentheywanttowarnoffopponents.Janice:Doyouthinkthecareorlackofitoverthewayweactuallywearourclotheshasanythingtotellus?Pauline:Yes,indeed.

15、Thelength,forexample,ofaman'strousersspeaksvolumesabouthisawarenessofhisownimage.Or,ifhistrousersareathalf-mast,allsortofhangingdown,thisprobablymeanshe'sabsorbedbyotherthings.Janice:Really.Pauline:Or,togiveyouotherexamples,oftenminoritygroups,whohaveperhapsfailedtopersuadewithwords,tendtoex

16、pressthemselvesbywearingunconventional,orwhatsomemightconsideroutrageousclothing,asawayofshowingtheirthoughtsandfeelingsaredifferentfromtherest,andsotheyfindanoutletinthisway.Janice:Thatsurelyspillsoverintootherthingsaswell.Pauline:Ohyes,indeed.Haircuts,jewellery,kindsoffabricusedthesethingscanallbe

17、aformofrebellion.Buttogetbacktoclothes,Iwouldliketoaddthatawholelotaboutourpersonalityisconveyedinourclothesandthewaywelookaggressiveness,rebelliousness,happiness,sadness,andsoon.Thesecanallbeinterpreted.Thinkoftheageingpopstarwhomaybepushingmiddleage,he'llkeepondressinguplikearebeltotrytoproveh

18、e's'withit'still,andintouchwithhisyoungfansandcurrenttrends.Janice:Doyouthinkthatatworkclothesandgeneralappearancehaveanysignificance?Pauline:Definitely.We'vealreadyspokenaboutjobinterviewsabit,andit'sinterestingtonotethatinarecentsurveyitwassuggestedthatemployerspreferyoungexecu

19、tivestosticktogrey,blackanddarkbluesuitsiftheyaremen,andclassicaloutfitsanddressesinsobercoloursiftheyarewomen,perhapsbecausetheyfeelthisisareflectionofamoreresponsibleandsoberattitudetoworkandwillalsoprojectthisimagetocustomers.Janice:Doyousubscribetothisopinion?Pauline:Ipersonallythinkthattoomuchc

20、onservatismdefeatstheobjectoftheclothesindustry.Theywanttocreatenewfashionsandcolourtosellclothes,soIcan'treallysaythat5文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持Igoalongwholeheartedlywithit.Thereshouldberoomformanoeuvre,leavingpeoplescopetoexpresstheirindividualityinwhattheyareweari

21、ng.We'veallseenthemonTVcommercials,lookingoutatusfromthecoversofglossymagazinesorshowingoffthelatestcreationsfromParis,anditmusthaveseemedtousthattheyhaveliveswhichareallglamour.JeffreyIngramshasbeendelvingintotheworldofthefashionmodelandhascomeupwithsomeinterestingfacts.Denise:Theaveragemodelca

22、nearnroughlythesameasatopsecretaryonthebasis,thatis,thatshe'safreelancewithanagentwho'llsendheroutforauditionsandinterviewsandgetworkforher.Jeffrey:DeniseHarperisamodelagent.TheCentralModelAgency,inwhichshe'sapartner,isverycloselyassociatedwiththeMetropolitanAcademyofModelling,wheredozen

23、sofaspiringmodelshavecomeovertheyearstopaytheirmoneytotakeabasiccourseinthetechniquesofbeingamodel.Justoverfiveyearsago,onesuchaspiringmodelwaseighteen-year-oldMargaretConnor,freshfromschool.Margaret:Yourmotherhastoldyouthatyou'reaprettygirlandyouthinkthatyou'reGod'sgift.You'renot,of

24、course,buttheAcademygiveyoutheworks,howtodomake-up,howtowalk,howtodoyourhair,dresssense,thelot.Jeffrey:NowbeforewegoanyfurtherIreallyoughttogiveyousomeideaofwhatMargaretlookslike.She'sabout5feet8inchestall,withshoulder-lengthauburnhair,hazeleyesandareadysmile.LikeMargaret,everymodelhasherindexca

25、rdwhichpotentialclientscankeepintheirfilestoreferto.Whennotworking,Margaretisaratherprettier-than-averagegirl-next-door,butherphotographaloneseemedtoshowthatshecanbeasversatileandasfashionableasanyonemightwant.ButwhydidDeniseHarperpickheroutfromtheothersimilarapplicantsforthemodellingcourseattheAcad

26、emy?Denise:Ialwayslookforpersonality,poise,goodheightand,veryimportant,initiative,allofwhichMargarethas.Youtrytofindaboveallagirlwhoyouthinkwillworkandisnotonlyinitforthemoney.Jeffrey:Naturally,whenthey'vefinishedthecourseitdoesn'talwaysmeanautomaticallythattheyaresetforstardom.Margaretoccas

27、ionallygivesclassesattheAcademyandshetoldmewhysomegirlsjustpackinthejob.Margaret:Sometimestheworkistoohard,sometimesit'stooscarceandsometimesyouhavetopushyourselftoomuch.You'vegottobeasaleswomantobeamodel,justsittingbackandthinkingyou'regoingtobecossetedisnogood,you'vegottogooutthere

28、andgetwork.Butonceyou'vegotit,OK,fine.Jeffrey:Whenworkdoescomealong,itcouldbeprettywellanything.Margaret:Reallyit'sadifferentjobeverytimeitmightbeTVadvertisements,liveadvertisingpromotions,aphotosession,anything.Jeffrey:IaskedMargarettogivemesomeideaofatypicaldayinherlife.Margaret:Thisisthef

29、unthingaboutit,really.You'vegotnoideawhatyou'llbedoingtomorrow,nothing'splannedahead.There'ssuchavarietyofwaysofspendingtheday.There'sasortof'wake-upat8o'clockwiththephoneringing'day,andnextminuteyou'reoffabroadsomewhere,whichiseverybody'sideaofmodelling.Then,

30、otherdaysyouhavetogoroundandsellyourselfbecauseyou'vegotnothingonatallseeingphotographers,magazines,newspapers,generallygettingyourfacearound.Onabusydayyou'vegottodashfromjobtojob,it'sallveryhectic,butbasicallyyou'vealwaysgottohaveeverythingliterallybythephone,bereadytoleaveatamoment

31、'snotice.Butthere'svarietyinit.MakingTVcommercialshasinfactnowovertakenstraightforwardfashionasourfavouriteoccupation.It'smorefunthanphotographicwork,whereonesplitseconddecideswhetheryoulookniceornot.InaTVcommercialthere'ssomeactinginvolved,andyouhavetokeepitupforawhile,whichismoreof

32、achallenge.Jeffrey:WhenMargaretsaidshekepteverythingbythephone,Iwonderedwhatshemeant.Margaret:Definitelyyourdiary,withapen,waitingforthatinterview.Theneverymodelhasonearmlongerthantheother(laughs)becauseofallthethingsshehastocartaroundinherbagsparepairsofshoes,make-up,sparetights,andabookitcangetbor

33、ingwaitingaroundsometimes.Ireadsuchalotofnovels!Umm,everythingbutthekitchensinkitallhastobepackedin.9文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持Jeffrey:Whateverhermotivation,it'squiteclearthatMargaretenormouslyenjoysbeingamodel.Margaret:Yes,Iloveit!It'sfantastic!Ijustcouldn'tt

34、hinkofdoinganythingelse.It'salwaysbeentheglamourthatattractedme.Tobeginwith,it'srealhardworktogetestablished,butthevarietyandexcitementofnotknowingfromonedaytothenextwhat'sgoingtohappenhasneverceasedtogivemeathrill.SolvingProblemsTodayIamgoingtotalkaboutsomethoughtsthatpsychologistshaveh

35、adonhowpeoplegoaboutsolvingproblems.ThefirstpointIwanttomakeisthatthereisnoonewayofsolvingallproblems.Ifyouthinkaboutityouwillrealizetheobviousfactthattherearemanydifferentkindsofproblemswhichhavetobesolvedindifferentways.Letustaketwoverydifferentexamples.Astudentissittinginhisstudy,tryingtosolveapr

36、obleminMathematics.Afteranhour,stillunsuccessful,hegivesupandgoestobed.Thefollowingmorninghewakesupandwandersintothestudy.Suddenly,thesolutioncomestohim.Nowforaverydifferentkindofproblem.IntheShakespeareplayHamlet,youngHamlet,PrinceofDenmark,discoversthathisfatherhasbeenmurderedbyhisuncle.Theevidenc

37、eisbasedontheappearanceofhisfather'sghost,urginghimtorevengehisdeathbykillinghisuncle.Shouldheaccepttheghost'sevidence,andkillhisuncle?Thisisobviouslyaverydifferentkindofproblem.Suchmoraloremotionalproblemsmighthavenorealsolution,oratanyratenosolutionthateveryonemightagreeon.Therearemanyothe

38、rdifferenttypesofproblemsapartfromthesetwo.Inthistalk,Iwouldliketotalkaboutthefirstkindofproblem:thekindthatthestudentofMathematicswasinvolvedwith.Thesolutiontothatkindofproblemissometimescalledan'A-ha'solution,becausethesolutioncomessuddenly,outofnowhereasitwere,andinEnglishpeoplesometimess

39、ay'A-ha'whenagoodideacomestothemlikethat.Another,lessamusing,nameforitisinsight.Foralongtimethestudentseemstogetnowhere,andthenthereisasuddenflashofinsightandthesolutionappears.AclassicexampleofinsightisthecaseoftheFrenchmathematician,Poincare.I'llspellit.P-O-I-N-C-A-R-E,POINCARE.Forfift

40、eendaysPoincarestruggledwithamathematicalproblemandhadnosuccess.Thenoneeveninghetookblackcoffeebeforegoingtobed(whichwasnothisusualcustom).Ashelayinbed,hecouldn'tsleep,andallsortsofideascametohim.Bymorninghehadsolvedthatproblemwhichhadbaffledhimforoverafortnight.Whatdopsychologistshavetosayabout

41、thisprocessofproblemsolving?AverygoodandhelpfuldescriptionofthesolvingprocesshasbeenmadebyPOLYA,ateacherofMathematics.I'llspellhisname,too.P-O-L-Y-A,POLYA.RemembetrhatPolyaisthinkingofinsightproblems,andinparticular,mathematicsproblems,buthisideasshouldapplyinallsortsofareas.Polya'sdescriptionhasfourstages.Theyare:Stageone:Understandingtheproblem:Atthisstage,thestudentgathersalltheinformationheneedsandaskshimselftwoquestions:Thefirstquestionis:Whatistheunknown?Whatismygoal?Inotherword