英美概况试题范围

1、名词解释：1 .The Great Depressi on2 In dustrial Revoluti on3 Melti ng Pot4. Black Death5. American Constitution1.0n October 24 , 1929 , the American stock market crashed. Billions of dollars of paper profits were wiped out within a few hours. This led to a long economicdepressi on.2. The In dustrialRevol

2、uti onrefers to the mechanizationof industryand the consequencesin social and economicorganizationinBritai nin thelate18th andearly 19th cen turies.Britai n wasthe firstcountrytoin dustrialize.TheIn dustrialRevolution in Britainfirst bega nin the textile industry.3. Si nee the Un itedStatesis a nati

3、onof manyeth nicgroups，itis also knownas a “ melting pot，mea ningimmigra ntsfromdiffere ntn ati onsallover theworldhave mixed tomake up theAmerica nn ati on.4. Black Deathwas the modernnamegive ntothe deadly bub onicplague ，anepidemic diseasespread by irat fleas. It:spreadthroughEuropein the 14th ce

4、ntury.It sweptthrough England in the summerof 1348 without warning. Itkilledmanypeople.As a result of the plague , muchland was left untendedandtherewas a terrible shortage of labor.5. The Constitutionof the UnitedStates is the basic instrumentof Americangovernment and the supreme law of the land. I

5、t is the oldest writtenconstitutionin the world. It was drawn up in 1787 and went into effect in 1789.It foundedfederalism and introducedchecks and balances into governmentfor the first timein history.。1929年10月24日 ,美国股市崩盘。数十亿美元的账面利润是在几个小时内消失。这导致了长期的经济萧条。2。 工业革命指的是机械化工业和社会和经济组织的后果在18世纪末和19世纪初的英国。英国是第

6、一个工业化的国家。工业革命在英国首先开始于纺织工业。3。 因为美国是一个多民族的国家，它也被称为 大熔炉”意味着移民来自世界各地不同国家混合组成美国国家。4。 黑死病是现代的名字给了致命的黑死病，病由鼠蚤传播流行。在14世纪传遍欧洲。它席卷英格兰在1348年的夏天没有警告。 它造成许多人死亡。由于瘟疫，大片土地无人照管和劳动力极度匮乏。5。美国的宪法是美国政府的基本仪器和最高法律。它是世界上最古老的成文宪法。1787年制定，并于1789年生效。它建立联邦制和引进制衡政府历史上第一次。the Black DeathIt was the deadly bubonic plague who spre

7、ad through Europe in the 14th century. It s wept through England without warning and any cure, and sparing no victims. It killed between half and one-thirdof the populationof England.Thus, much land was left untended and labour was short. It caused far-reachingeconomicconsequences. _这是致命的黑死病在14世纪传遍欧

8、洲。它席卷英格兰没有警告 ，任何治疗，和毫不吝惜的受害者。它杀死了一半到三分之一的 人口。因此，大片土地无人照管和劳动力短缺。它造成了深远的经济后果。Bloody MaryHenry VIII ' dsaughterand a devout Catholic. When she becameQueen, she persecutedand bur nt many Protesta nts.So she was give n the nickn ame “ Bloody Mary ” .Mary is also remembered as the mon archwho lost the

9、 French port of Calais.-亨利八世的女儿和一位虔诚的天主教徒。当她成为皇后，迫害和烧毁许多新教徒。所以她被血腥玛丽”的绰号。玛丽也记得君主失去法国加来港。.the Great LakesThe Great Lakes are the mosterior, which is the largeste entirely in the U.S.between Canada and thefreshimporta ntwaterlakes inlake in theLakeUn itedHuro n,States except Lake Michiga n.Lake Erieth

10、e Un ited States. They are world, Lake Michiga nand Lake On tario.Lake Sup the only on They are all located五大湖在美国最重要的湖泊。苏必略湖 ，是世界上最大的淡水湖，密歇根湖，唯一一个完全在美国，休伦湖,伊利湖和安大略湖。 他们都位于加拿大和美国之间除了密西根湖。What is meant bythe term“ welfare state ” in Britain?The welfare stateomic and social securityis a system of gover

11、nment of its citizensthroughitsby which the state provides the organizationof healthservices,econpensions and otherd taxation.InThe system isBrita inthe term appliesfacilities.fundedmai nlyoutof n ati onalin sura neeto NationalHealth Servicein sura neeandsocial security.con tributio nsan(NHS),natio

12、nal福利国家”政府的福利国家是一个系统的国家提供经济和社会保障的公民通过其组织卫生服务、养老金和其他设施。该系统是由全国保险税和赋税。术语主要适用于在英国国民健康服务(NHS),国民保险和社会保障。What are some of the characteristicsofAmerica neducatio n?her(1) Formal education in the educati on.Un itedStatesconsists of elementary,sec on daryand higPublic educations is free andcompulsory.Divers

13、ity is consideredto beis a function of the(4)Educati onan outstandingstates, not the federal government.characteristic of Americaneducation.美国教育的特点是什么？ (1)在美国正规的教育由初等、中等和高等教育。(2)公共教育是免费和义务的。(3)多样性被认为是美国教育的一个突岀特点。(4)教育是美国的函数，而不是联邦政府。Whatrole doesthe com mun itycollegeplay?Whatfunctionsdoes it perform

14、?Whatisit importantin Americanhighereducati on?Whatisthe guidi ngprin cipleofsuch acollege?Thecom mun itycollege as anin stituti onis one of themostimporta ntinno vati onsin thehistory of Americanhigher educationmore accessibleandin meetingthe n eeds of educated adults, employees of local bus in ess

15、, professi onal requiri ng certificati on as wel l as communityorganizations.It performs five main functions. First, it preparesstudentsfor transferring to a BA program at a four-year institution. Second, it providesvocationaltraining for people who are already working or expect to be workingin the

16、future. Third, it gives remedial instruction to higher schoolstudentswho are underpreparedfor college academically and adults who did not lear n basic skills in eleme ntary or sec on dary school. Fourth, it offers recr eati on al, cultural activities for adults who are not seek ingregular vocati ona

17、l or academic skill. Fifth,it absorbs students ina four-year program whoare not qualified into alower-status vocati onal program.The guidi ngprin ciple of com munitycollege ishigher educati on for every oneand thephilosophy that equality must mean equal opport unityfor self-realizatio nand for the r

18、ecogn iti on of in dividual differe nces.社区学院发挥什么作用？它执行什么功能？美国高等教育是什么重要的消息吗 ？一个大学的指导原则是什么 ？社区学院作为一个机构是历史上最重要的创新之一，美国的高等教育更容易满足患者的需求 ，受过教育的成年人，本地业务的员工，专业要求认证以及社区组织。它执行五个主要功能。首先，它准备学生转移到英航计划四年的机构。其次，它为那些已经工作或提供职业培训期望在未来工作。第三，它给补救教学高等学校学生准备不充分的大学学业和成年人没有在小学或中学学习基本技能。第四，它提供了休闲、文化活动对于成年人不寻求定期职业或学术技能。第五，它

19、可以吸收学生四年计划不合格看低职业计划。,承认个体差异。社区学院的指导原则对每个人来说都是高等教育和哲学必须为自我实现意味着平等机会平等I. MultipleChoices:Chooseone right an swerfromthe fourchoices:1. Thehighest mountain inBritainis.A. ScafellB.Ben Nevis(本尼维斯)C. the CotswoldsD.the Forth2. The Iongestriverin BritainisC. the Severn （塞汶河）D. the Thames3. The largest lak

20、e in Britain is A. the Lough Neage 内伊湖B. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake DistrictB. Scotland4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandC. WalesD.Northem IrelandC. Africa6. The first inhabitants inA. the NormansC. the Iberians 伊比利来7. British Recorded historyA. Roman invasionC.

21、 the Viking and DanishD.theWestBritainwereB.D.beganwithB.invasionD.Indies, Indies and Pakistanthe Celtsthe Anglo-Saxonsthe Norman Conquestthe Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829,actually became the overlordof all the English.A. JohnB.James I5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from A. EuropeB.

22、the United StatesB. 1066D. 1060C. Egbert埃格伯特中世纪英格兰西撒克逊国王，英格兰首任国王（829839） D. Henry I9. Christmas Day , Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056C. 1006A. Henry IIIC. Barons12.The HundredYears 'war stated inhadlost all theterritories of FranceexceptA.1337, 1453,FlandersB.and wa ended i

23、n , in which the Englishthe French port of .1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted foryears and kingwas replaced by kingA. 30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorC. 30, Richard I, Henry TudorD. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The

24、 Renaissance began inin the earlycentury.A. England, 14C. Italy, 1415. The English Civil War is also called A. the GloriousRevolutionB.C. the CatholicRevolutionD.16. In _, a small groupof Puritanssailedirst settlersin theNew Land.A. 1620,LondonB.C. 1720,LondonD.17. In the 18th century, there appeare

25、d B. England, 15D. Italy, 15the Bloody Revolutionthe Puritan Revolutionfrom in the Mayflower to be the f1620, Plymouth1720, Plymouthin England, which owed a great deal to tC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet11. In 1265 summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.B. the PopeD. Sim

26、on de Montforthe invention of machines.C. the Wars of the RosesD.the ReligiousReformation18. English colonial expansionbegan with thecolonization of in 1583.A. CanadaB.AustraliaC. IndiaD.Newfoundland19. was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB.Ed

27、ward VIIC. George VID. George VII20. In JanuaryBritain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B. 1967C. 1973D. 197921. soon after , Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffereda deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.A. 1900B. the First World WarC. t

28、he Second World WarD. 196022. In the 1970s among the developed countries,Britain maintained the lowestate and the highest rate.A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflationC. growth, divorceD. growth, birth23. The followingare all reasons of British declineof coal industryexceptA. the exhaustion of old m

29、inesB. costly extractionC. little money being investedD. the labour shortage24. Britain'forseign trade is mainly with A. developing countriesB.other CommonwealthcountriesC. other developed countriesD. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over byA. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop

30、 of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every iaments are elected.years and there aremembers of ParlB.Cfive,651D.four,65127.ThePrimeMinister isappointed by _andhe orshe always sits in A.theArchbishopof Canterbury,theHouseof CommonsB.theArchbishopof Canterbury,theHouseof Lor

31、dsC.theQueen,theHouse ofCommonsD.theQueen,theHouse ofLords28.Theultimateauthorityforlaw-makingresidesin A.theQueenB.theCabinetCtheHouseofLordsD.theHouse of Commons29.ThesourcesofBritishlawinclude _A. five, 600five, 650A.statutes,commonlaw,equitylawand EuropeanCommunity lawB.statutes,commonlawand equ

32、itylawC.statutes,commonlaw and European CommunitylawD.30.Inuiltcriminal trials by jury, or innocence.passes sentenced anddecide the issue of gA.the judge, the juryB.the judge, the judgea complete code and statutesB. Youth courts31. tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.A. Magist

33、ratesc'ourtsC. district courtsD. The Crown Court32. London ' sMetropolitan Police Force is under the control of A. the England secretariesB. the Scottish SecretariesC. Northern Ireland SecretariesD. the Home Secretary33. The National Health Service was establishedin the UK inand based at fir

34、stonA. 1948, Acts of ParliamentB. 1958, Acts of ParliamentC. 1948, the Bill of RightsD. 1958, the Bill of Rights34. The non-contributorysocial security benefitsinclude the following exceptA. war pensionC. family creditA. the lord ChancellorB. the Prime MinisterC. the SpeakerD. the ministers of all d

35、epartmentsB. child benefitD. unemployment benefit35. Except that may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without di36. About 90 per cent of the state secondaryschool populationin the UK attendA. independentschoolsC. independentschoolsB. junior schoolsD. primary schools37. There are some

36、universities, including the Open University.C. 90D. 50stinction to members of all churchs or of none.38.In Britain, children fromthe age of 5 to 16 can by law.A.receivecompletely freeeducationB.receiveparly free educationC.receiveno free educationif theirfamiliesare richD.receiveno free educationat

37、all39.With regard to its size,theUSA is the countryin theworld.A.largestB.secondlargestCthird largestD.fourthlargest40.In the following rivers,has been called the AmericanRuhr.A. the Mississippi B. the MissouriC. the Hudson D. the Ohioand t41. Among the following rivers, forms a natural boundary bet

38、ween Mexicohe U.S.A. the Potomac B. the ColumbiaC. the Rio Grande River D. the Colorado42. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, exceptA. Yale B. HarvardC. Oxford D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology43. The nation 'csapital city WashingtonD. C. and New York

39、are located inA. the American WestB. the Great PlainsC. the MidwestD. the Middle Atlantic States44. The Midwest in America ' smost important area.C. manufacturingD.mining in dustryA.separateeducationalfacilitieshad beenillegalB.educationalfacilitieshad beenseparatebutequalC.educationalfacilities

40、had beenequalD.separateeducationalfacilitieswere inherentlyunequal46. The ChineseExclusion Act was passed inA. 1882B.1883C. 1900D.192447. The first immigrants in Americanhistory camefromandA. Ireland/FranceB.England/ChinaC. Scotland/EnglandD.England/Netherland48. Uncle Tom' s Cabin and Rootsare

41、two novelswhich give a vivid description of the miserable life of theA. early settlersB.PuritansC. native IndiansD.black slaves49. According to American historiansand specialistsin demography,there aregreat population movement in the history of the United States.A. twoB. threeC. fourD.five50. Many e

42、arly Chinese immigrants worked in the mining industry, especially in theA. gold minesB.silver minesC. coal minesD. copper mines51. The Declaration of Independence was drafted byA. James MadisonB. Thomes JeffersonC. Alexander HamiltonD. George Washington52. On July 4, 1776,adopted the Declaration of Independerce.A.the First Continental CongressB.the Second Continental CongressC.the Third Continental CongressD.the Constit