初中英语词性和句子成分

1、 英语词性 &句子的成分词性词性根据词的特点我们把词划分为名名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词、冠词等。介词、连词、冠词等。 名词名词 表示人和事物的名称。问题 matter胃痛 stomach体温 temperature牙痛 toothache鼻出血 nosebleed 风险 risk状况 situation决定 decision重要性 importance控制 control感觉 feeling满足 satisfaction高兴 joy不同 difference困难 difficulty杂乱 mess公正 fairness独立 independ

2、ence舒适 comfort浪费 waste动词动词 表示人或事物的动作、行为、发展、变化 。Lie ,hurt,bandage,breathe,press,borrow,lend,hate,waste,depend,develop drop,躺着、伤害、包扎、呼吸、压，借进，借出，仇恨、浪费、依靠、发展、掉下介词介词介: 在两者当中, 例如，介于两山之间 。at in on near next to before behind in front of (go) to school 形容词形容词 表示事物的形状、性质、颜色、 状态等。 Sore,strong,broken,disabled,d

3、ifferent,blindDeaf,excited,exciting,surprised,surprising,ill,fair,unfair,clean,tidy,tired,comfortable,uncomfortable,代词代词能代替实词和短语。我 你 他 我们 你们 他们 咱们 别人 谁 那儿 那里 那会儿 这样 那样I you he/ she it we you they me you him/ her it us you them my your his/ her its our your their Mine yours his/ hers its ours yours t

4、heirswho what which whose that this those these 副词副词 总是用在动词动词后面后面、形容词、形容词前面做状语。very/ pretty (good) really (cold ) (run) fast (speak) loudly (work) hardHe replied angrily.It is pretty clean and tidy.Could you please read it loudly?组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分句子成分。英语句子成分有主语，谓语，表语，宾语，定语，状语等。简单句和复杂句。简单句是由一个句子组成。复杂句，由

5、两个或两个以上的句子组成。 表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词或相当于名词的词和短语等充当。 主语I have a cold.Doing chores is a waste of time.A girl with two big eyes is my sister.The student who is used to being late in class is Fanghailin.1.名词作主语：名词作主语：Our school is not far from my house.2.代词作主语：代词作主语：We like our school very much.3.数词作主语：

6、数词作主语：Two plus two is four.4.动名词动名词(短语）作主语：短语）作主语：Doing chores is necessary for children.5.动词不定式作主语：动词不定式作主语：To do such a job needs a better knowledge.6.从句作主语：从句作主语：What you said is absolutely wrong.I am tired.It is pretty clean and tidy.I have a stomachache谓语谓语说明主语的动作（做什么），状态或特征（是什么或怎么样）。 You shoul

7、d lie down and rest.I hurt myself when I played basketball yesterday.宾语宾语表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当，和及物动词一起说明主语“做什么”。You should drink some hot tea with honey.Ill help to clean up the city parks.Could you please clean your room.1.名词作宾语名词作宾语She is playing the piano now.2.代词作宾语代词作宾语We all like him

8、.3.数词作宾语数词作宾语Give me five.4.不定式作宾语不定式作宾语We all like to go to school.5.宾语从句作宾语宾语从句作宾语I think he is right.6.直接宾语和间接宾语直接宾语和间接宾语My parents bought me a computer.(me 为间接宾语，为间接宾语，computer 为直接宾语）为直接宾语）表语表语用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当，和

9、连系动词一起构成谓语。当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。My mother is an English teacher.I am surprised when I hear the news.The news is surprising.Ted has a cute cat.Ted is a cute boy.Ted =Ted = ?宾语表示动作、宾语表示动作、行为的对象。行为的对象。表语表语用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态。表语表语1.名词作表语名词作表语China is a big country.2.代词作表语代词作表语What is the matter?3.形容词作表语形容词作表

10、语It is red.4.数词作表语数词作表语Five and four is nine.表语表语6.副词作表语副词作表语The sun is up.7.不定式作表语不定式作表语Her wish is to become a teacher.8.表语从句作表语表语从句作表语This is what he said.定语定语用来修饰名词或代词 。作定语的除形容词外，还有代词、数词、名词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词和短语。Ted has a cute cat.（形容词作定语）Whats your name?（代词作定语）She likes action movies.（名词作定语）Peel thr

11、ee bananas.（数词作定语）Thats of great importance(=important).The boy there needs a pen.(副词作定语）副词作定语）The boy in blue is Tom.(介词短语作定语）介词短语作定语）The boy to write this letter needs a pen(不定式作定语）不定式作定语）The smiling boy needs a pen.(分词或分分词或分词短语作定语）词短语作定语）There are five boys who will play the game.(从句作定语）从句作定语）状语状

12、语用来修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句，一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等来充当。 People are all working hard.Beijing is not very cold in winter.He helped her without thinking twice.介词短语做状语句子的常用的结构：（简单句句子的常用的结构：（简单句 和复合从句）和复合从句）主主 谓谓 宾宾I have a toothache.Ill help to clean up the city parks.Could you please c

13、lean your room?主主 系系 表表Its pretty clean and tidy.主谓结构He run quickly.They listened carefully.My ink has run out.简单句句子的常用的结构：（简单句句子的常用的结构：（简单句 和复合从句）和复合从句）复合从句（下节课再讲）复合从句（下节课再讲）英语词汇记忆策略英语词汇记忆策略一、利用图片或大脑表象生成直观记忆二：单词形象化二：单词形象化记忆记忆三、利用英语语境记忆词汇四、单词词性记忆方法：（联想记忆法）四、单词词性记忆方法：（联想记忆法）important importance diffe

14、rent differencefair fairness unfair unfairnessill illness happy happinessprobable probability able ability similar similarity joy joyfuldanger dangerous vigor vigorous五、英语同义词、反义词、形似词五、英语同义词、反义词、形似词反义词：cheap dear,expensiveeasy difficultclever stupidhandsome ugly五、英语同义词、反义词、形似词五、英语同义词、反义词、形似词同义词：Repai

15、r fix upTake after be similar toPretty good-looking五、英语同义词、反义词、形似词形似词；blood 血 bleed 流血rise 升起 raise 募捐六、构词法复合词：after-school good-looking girlfriend boyfriend backache headache stomachache toothache六、构词法加前缀：fair-unfair, able-unable,comfort-uncomfort六、构词法六、构词法加后缀：加后缀：ill-illnesshappy-happinessjoy-joyf

16、ulbeauty-beautifulcomfort-comfortable,different-differenceimportant-importance七、词义范畴（联想记忆法）七、词义范畴（联想记忆法）fruit (apple,pear,banana,watermelon.)Sport (basketball, football,swimming)八、对比八、对比+形象记忆法形象记忆法Look at 看着看着 look ahead 向前看、着眼未来向前看、着眼未来Look over 仔细查看仔细查看 look around 四处看看四处看看Look after 照顾照顾 look int

17、o调查调查Look like 看起来像看起来像 look on 旁观旁观Look for 寻找寻找 look out 小心小心Look down 轻视、看不起轻视、看不起 look through 浏览浏览Look up 抬头看抬头看 look back 回头看、回顾回头看、回顾九、通过读音记忆单词九、通过读音记忆单词Congradulation kn,grtulen dictionary dkneri 十、编歌诀：十、编歌诀：In 段 On 天 At 时间点On April, 26,2016In April,2016生活中见到的英文标志：floorparkingDo it yourselfW

18、ater closetPlayer killingVery important personChief executive officer用英语思维找到适合自己的学习方法！拼写比赛：拼写比赛：规则：1、规定时间5分钟。 2、规定项目（名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词）（抽签决定）。 3、小组接力（在举手许可后接续上一位同学继续比赛。 4、时间结束后，单词个数多的组获胜 5、奖励，获胜组获得一次决定权，决定失利组的惩罚方式（如：失利组集体表演个小节目，失利组集体做俯卧撑2次，或某组员代表出演个小节目）猜词游戏：规则：1、一名组员表演（通过动作、英文释义，表情、英语描述等）所有组员猜英语单词2、时间：5分钟，猜多者胜3、奖励，获胜组获得一次决定权，决定失利组的惩罚方式（如：失利组集体表演个小节目，失利组集体做俯卧撑2次，或某组员代表出演个小节目）a cold