化合物英文命名规则

1、Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds 无机化合物的命名（Prefix词头，前缀Suffix词尾，后缀Stem词根）I.Trivial Names 俗名H2O water 不说 dihydrogen oxideNH3 ammonia 不说 nitrogen trihydrideCaO quicklimeCaCO3 limestone2.Systematic Nomenclature 系统命名1）Oxide氧化物先命名非氧元素ZnOzinc oxideCaO calcium oxideCO carbon oxideNa2O2 sodium peroxideH2O2

2、hydrogen peroxide 注：peroxide 过氧化物2）Hydroxide 氢氧化物（base 碱）Ba（OH）2 barium hydroxideKOH potassium hydroxide3）Acid 酸Hydro acid 氢酸 General formula 通式:HnX 命名：hydro- + stem of X + -ic acid H2S hydrosulfuric acid（英）hydrosulphuric（美）氢硫酸 S:sulfur（英）、sulphur（美）HBr 氢澳酸 hydrobromic acidBr: bromine HCl 氢氯酸（盐酸）hyd

3、rochloric acidCl: chlorine HF 氢氟酸 hydrofluoric acidF: fluorineOxoacid or Oxyacid 含氧酸 General formula 通式：HnXOm 命名：Stem of X + -ic acid 注：oxo- （oxy-）含氧，氧代H2SO4 sulfuric acid（英）sulphuric acid（美）H2CO3 carbonic acidH3PO4 phosphoric acid P: phosphorus H3BO3 boric acid B: boron HNO3 nitric acid N: nitrogen

4、If X has two oxidation states :-ic： the higher oxidation state-ous： the lower oxidation stateH2SO4 sulfuric acidH2SO3 sulfurous acid1/5HNO3 nitric acidHNO2 nitrous acidIf X （such as halogens） has more than two oxidation states :halogen 卤素per-（过，高）+ -ic ： the still higher oxidation statehypo-（次，在，下）+

5、 -ous: the still lower oxidation stateHClO3 chloric acidHClO2 chlorous acidHClO4 perchloric acidHClO hypochlorous acidHIO hypoiodous acid4)Salt 盐General formula 通式：MnXm 命名：Name of M stem of X + -ide (-ide,化物)Oxide、chloride > nitride > hydrideKI potassium iodideAl2S3 aluminum sulfideLiH lithium

6、 hydrideOxysalt 含氧酸盐 Name the metal ion first and then the anionNaming anions:-ate anions derived from the -ic acid(the higher oxidation state of X)-ite anions derived from the -ous acid (the lower oxidation state of X)HNO3 nitric acidNaNO3 sodium nitrateHNO2 nitrous acidNaNO2 sodium nitriteSO42- su

7、lfateSO32- sulfiteAgClO4 silver perchlorateNaIO3 sodium iodateKClO2 potassium chloriteKBrO potassium hypobromiteMnO42- manganateMnO4- permanganateAcid salt 酸式盐 Using " hydrogen “ to specify" H"NaHSO4 sodium hydrogen sulfateNaH2PO4 sodium dihydrogen phosphateNa2HPO4 disodium hydrogen p

8、hosphate P: phosphorus phosphate 磷酸盐(根)Using prefix bi- + name of anion if only one acid salt existsNaHSO4 sodium bisulfateNaHSO3 sodium bisulfiteKHCO3 potassium bicarbonate5)Metals (M ) with more than one oxidation state2/5Two methods:后缀法：早期使用stem of M + -ic the higher oxidation state of Mstem of M

9、 + -ous the lower oxidation state of MHgI2 mercuric iodideHg2I2 mercurous iodide Hg:mercury Cr2+ chromousCr3+ chromic Cr: chromium注：In most cases, Latin stem is used if the metal has symbol derived from itsLatin name.(mercury is an exception)Cu:cuprum (拉丁),copper (英)Cu+ cuprousCu2+ cupricCuI cuprous

10、 iodide CuS cupric sulfide Sn:stannum (拉丁 ), tin (英) SnCl2 stannous chlorideSnO2 stannic oxideFe:ferrum (拉丁), iron (英)Fe(OH)2 ferrous hydroxide FeBr3 ferric bromideIUPAC Rule 1957 年开始使用 English name of metal(Roman numeral)CuBr copper(I) bromideCuF2 copper(II) fluorideSnO tin(II) oxideSnS2 tin(IV) su

11、lfideFe(NO3)2 iron(II) nitrateFe2(SO4)3 iron(III) sulfateUse Greek prefixes 希腊文前缀Mon (o) di 二 tri 三 tetr (a) 四 pent (a) 五 hex (a) 六 hepta七 octa八 nona九1. to specify the number of each atom in the chemical formula.NO2 nitrogen dioxidePCl5 phosphorus pentachlorideCO2 carbon dioxide2. to specify the num

12、ber of identical central atoms in condensed acids and their corresponding anions.condensed acid 缩酸H3PO4 (mono)phosphoric acidH4P2O7 diphosphoric acid 3/5H2SO4 sulfuric acidH2S3O10 trisulfuric acidCrO42-铭酸盐(根)chromateCr2O72-重铭酸盐(根)dichromate 3. to indicate extent of substitution PO43- phosphatePS2O23- dithiophosphate thio-硫代,硫的，含硫的 注：The prefixes ortho- and meta- have been used to distinguish acids differing in the a content of water. ” ortho-希腊词头正、原(无机酸用)邻(位)(有机化合物命名)meta-希腊词头偏(无机酸用)间(位)(有机化合物命名) ortho-acid 原酸；meta-acid 偏酸H3BO3 orthoboric acid(or bori