全文逻辑梳理+思维导图必看

1、Global warmingIn the line of fireThe world is losing the war against climate change红色标题指向“全球变暖”。导语部分 The world is losing the war against climate change.表明人类现在面对全 球变暖正走在失败的路上，概述了抗击全球变暖情况不乐观，人类依然“很作”。这样写一来表明现实；二是引导读者继续阅读；三是引发思考一如何有效应对才 能扭转乾坤。1 . Earth is smouldering. From Seattle to Siberia this summe

2、r, flames have consumed swathes of the northern hemisphere. One of 18 wildfires sweeping through California, among the worst in the state s history, is generating such heat that it created its own weather. Fires that raged through a coastal area near Athens in late July killed 91 (see Science sectio

3、n). Elsewhere people are suffocating in the heat. Roughly 125 have diedin Japan as the result of a heatwave that pushed temperatures in Tokyo above C0or the first time.第一段是典型的现象描写，从火灾和高温两方面来写，并列举数字，表明死亡人 数之多，灾害之大。本段为下文展开写全球变暖做了铺垫。写作建议：以生动例子开头，列举数据。2 . Such calamities, once considered freakish, are n

4、ow commonplace Scientists have long cautioned that, as the planet warms it is roughly 1 C hotter today than before the industrial age first furnaces were lit weather patterns will go berserk. An early analysis has found that this sweltering European summer would have been less than half as likely we

5、re it not for human-induced global warming.过渡段。 句总结了第一段；第句表明第一段现象产生的原因 一人为导致 全球变暖，并引出了第三段。3. Yet as the impact of climate change becomes more evident, so too does the scale of the challenge ahead. Three years after countries vowed in Paris to keep warming “wellbelow 2 (Relative to pre-industrial lev

6、els, greenhouse-gasemissions are up again. So are investments in oil and gas. In 2017, for the first time in four years, demand for coal rose. Subsidies for renewables, such as wind and solar power, are dwindling in many places and investment has stalled; climate-friendly nuclear power is expensive

7、and unpopular. It is tempting to think these are temporary setbacks and that mankind, with its instinct for self-preservation, will muddle through to a victory over global warming. In fact, it is losing the war.第三段列举了一些人为原因一对煤、石油、天然气的投资增加，这一波操作引出 了作者的那句话一人类正在输掉这场战役，对应题目。Living in a fuel s paradise4.

8、 Insufficient progress is not to say no progress at all. As solar panels, wind turbines and other low-carbon technologies become cheaper and more efficient, their use has surged. Last year the number of electric cars sold around the world passed 1m. In some sunny and blustery places renewable power

9、now costs less than coal.5. Public concern is picking up. A poll last year of 38 countries found that 61% of people see climate change as a big threat; only the terrorists of Islamic State inspired more fear. In the West campaigning investors talk of divesting from companies that make their living f

10、rom coal and oil. Despite President Donald Trump decision to yank America out of the Paris deal, many American cities and states have reaffirmed their commitment to it. Even some of the sceptic-in-chief s fellow Republicans appear less averse to tackling the problem (see United States section). In s

11、mog-shrouded China and India, citizens choking on fumes are prompting governments to rethink plans to rely heavily on coal to electrify their countries.6. Optimists say that decarbonisation is within reach. Yet, even allowing for the familiar complexities of agreeing on and enforcing global targets,

12、 it is proving extraordinarily difficult.4、5、6段反观事实，表明人类在应对全球变暖方面还是有所进展的。第 4段是 从清洁能源方面来说进展；第5段从公众关注度方面，并举例。写作建议1:这里需要提醒一下大家，写全球变暖，怎么想例子？特朗普让美国退出 巴黎协 定是个不得不提的事情，而且大家也熟悉。就如同写基建要提港珠澳大桥，广深港高铁；医疗可以提电影我不是药神，权健等；手机要提苹果、华为、移动支付；AI要提智能家居；零工经济提外卖，快递；如果提几个典型生动的例子，会让文章的可读性提升很多。写作建议2:1、2、3段和4、5、6段形成了一个小对比，咱们写文章的

13、时候可以反其道行之， 先抑后扬，用上 there is a grain of truth to.But you may miss the bigger picture也 就是内容先写4、5、6,再写1、2、3。第6段是过渡段，后一句过渡到了脱碳“难”这件事上，对应第3段说的“the scale of the challenge ahead。 7 One reason is soaring energy demand, especially in developing Asia. In 2006-16, as Asia s emerging economies forged ahead, the

14、ir energy consumption rose by 40%. The use of coal, easily the dirtiest fossil fuel, grew at an annual rate of 3.1%. Use of cleaner natural gas grew by 5.2% and of oil by 2.9%. Fossil fuels are easier to hook up to today grids than renewables that depend on the sun shining and the wind blowing. Even

15、 as green fund managers threaten to pull back from oil companies, state-owned behemoths in the Middle East and Russia see Asian demand as a compelling reason to invest.8 The second reason is economic and political inertia. The more fossil fuels a country consumes, the harder it is to wean itself off

16、 them. Powerful lobbies, and the voters who back them, entrench coal in the energy mix. Reshaping existing ways of doing things can take years. In 2017 Britain enjoyed its first coal-free day since igniting the Industrial Revolution in the 1800s. Coal generates not merely 80% of India s electricity,

17、 but also underpins the economies of some of its poorest states (see Briefing). Panjandrums in Delhi are not keen to countenance the end of coal, lest that cripple the banking system, which lent it too much money, and the railways, which depend on it.9 Last is the technical challenge of stripping ca

18、rbon out of industries beyond power generation. Steel, cement, farming, transport and other forms of economic activity account for over half of global carbon emissions. They are technically harder to clean up than power generation and are protected by vested industrial interests. Successes can turn

19、out to be 川usory. Because China -plus 6lect1imcars draw their oomph from an electricity grid that draws two-thirds of its power from coal, they produce more carbon dioxide than some fuel-efficient petrol-driven models. Meanwhile, scrubbing CO2 from the atmosphere, which climate models imply is neede

20、d on a vast scale to meet the Paris target, attracts even less attention.7、8、9阐述脱碳难的原因，并用例子和数据来支撑。例子非常丰富，大家可以 看看怎么引用的？引用了哪些？和中心句有什么关系？以此打开举例子的思路。写作建议：如何才能做到例子丰富？外刊积累很重要，平时也可以通过看中文新闻来积累，毕竟咱们自己的事还是自己最了解。现阶段的英语作文，不仅文笔要好，还要展现你的知识量和视野，我想大家都想成为一个“满腹经纶”的人吧， 多多积累吧！10. The world is not short of ideas to real

21、ise the Paris goal. Around 70 countries or regions, responsible for one-fifth of all emissions, now price carbon. Technologists beaver away on sturdier grids, zero-carbon steel, even carbon-negative cement, whose production absorbs more CO2 than it releases. All these efforts and more- including res

22、earchinto “solageoengineering to reflect sunlight back into spaceshould be redoubled.简要列举了一些脱碳的创意措施。虽然有创意，但也无异于杯水车薪Blood, sweat and geoengineers11. Yet none of these fixes will come to much unless climate listlessness is tackled head on. Western countries grew wealthy on a carbon-heavy diet of industrial development. They must honour their commitment in the Paris agreement to help poorer places both adapt to a warmer Earth and also abate future emissions without sacrificing the growth needed to leav