unit-under-the-sea基础知识

1、Unit 3 Under the sea1. witness vt。当场见到；目击;见证 n。 目击者；证人；证据 He witnessed to having seen the man enter the room.他证明看到那个人进了房间。 The police found the witness to the murder cas e警察找到了那个谋杀案的目击者.The witness（目击者）who witnessed （目击）the incident gave witness（ffi据）to the police and promised to be a witness（证人）.,

2、Ja witness witnesse? to的证人/证据I bear/give witness to,.,作为的证据,i witness for作证T为辨护（2）（I witness to为作汪：出庭证明;证实手说明运用提升After the explosion, the policemen did a lot of work to find out some clues from the.A. onlookers B. viewers C. people D. witnesses2. urge vt.催促;极力主张；驱策常用短语 常用句型sth. /sLon催促某物/某人前进 urge s

3、b. to do sth.催促某人做某事 urg sb. into doing sth.催促某人做某事'urge that、*极力主张，强调从句谓语形式 为(should) +动饲原影 11 it urged that坚决要求从句语语附式为.(曲ould)+动词原形(3) have an urge to do sth。迫切要求做某事Brown urged her to reconsider her decision 。布朗极力劝说她重新考虑自己的决定。I urged that he (should) do his best.我强调他要尽自己最大的努力。It was urged that

4、 he (should)be punished。 有人极力主张他应受到惩罚。翻译句子(1)他极力劝她学习物理。 (2)他们敦促我去申请工作 .(3)她渴望当一名电影明星。 3. abandon vt。放弃；遗弃；抛弃 We had to abandon the car and walk the rest of the way. 我们只好弃车，步行赶剩下的路。 Imogen had abandoned all the hope of ever seeing her brother again.伊莫金已经放弃了再次见到哥哥的全部希望 He abandoned himself to drinking

5、.他沉溺于饮酒。/ abandon one丁 hope plan,'idea 放弃帚望计切L 主意(1) i Fibrindon oneself I。沉湎于纵情于I abandan doing s(Ik 放弃做某事(2)abandoned udj.无约束的；无度的；放藩的(3) with Shandon放纵地f放任地运用提升After the sixparty talk in Beijing, an agreement was reached that North Korea would abandon nuclear weapons 。A . stating; to develop

6、B . stating; developing C. to state; to develop D. states; developing4. reflect vi.思考 vt。 映射；反射；思考 Her face was reflected in the mirror 。她的脸映照在镜子中。 He reflected on his past mistakes.他反省过去的错误.reflect sh /莒th in sth（指镜子等）映出某人/物的静像派生词 reflect slh* frun sth.从某物（表面）反射（光，热,声等） reflect on/upon sth.思考某事'

7、; n. reflection 反射；反照；反映；映像，域语：be lost in reflection 陷人深思中运用提升Usually, a child's behavior is a (n) of his family environment, many studies suggest 。A. description B. recognition C. reflection D. expression5. help out vt.帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难vi.援助；协助My father helped me out when I lost my job 。我失业时我父亲帮我摆脱

8、困境。Bob used to help us out when we were short of staff.我们人手不足时，鲍勃常常帮我们。help sb. to do sth.帮某人做某事1 help sb.with sth. 帮助某人做某事 can' t help to do sth.不能帮着做某事 (2)can not help doing sth.禁不住做某事(3)help oneself (to sth.) 自取，自用(4)can ' t help but do sth不得不做某事运用：翻译下面句子1)在老师和同学们的帮助下，小明终于摆脱了爱打电子游戏的习惯。2)地

9、震中，3)她忍不住大笑起来。4)请随便吃点鱼。 5)When I in the kitchen, nothing made me feel better than preparing the eggs and serving them just the way thecustomers wanted.A . helped out B . figured out C. worked outD. found out6. be/become aware of对知道、明白；意识至UHe was well aware of the problem。 他很清楚这个问题 .(1)错误！(2)错误！Are y

10、ou aware that you are sitting on my hat?你知道你正坐在我帽子上吗？As far as I' m aware, nobody has done anything about据我所知，尚无人对此采取任何措施运用提升Because he was the new limit, he was stopped and wanted for speeding。A . good atB. tired from C. unaware of D. uninterested in句型精析(1) As we drew closer, I could see a whal

11、e being attacked by a pack of about six other killers. (P20) 随着我们的逼近，我能看见一条鲸鱼正在被其他6只虎鲸袭击。“see a whale being attacked看到鲸正在被袭击，句中 "being attacked乍宾语补足语，表示动作正在被进行.在中学英语中being done结构通常用于以下情况：主语：(2) Being exposed to too much radiation will do great harm to your health.(3) Being bitten by a dog put h

12、im into a hospital.宾语：(1) He narrowly missed being shot。(2) He insisted on his being called Mr 。 Cliff instead of Mr 。 Clive.宾语补足语：(1) When he came to himself, he found himself being looked after by an old lady 。(2) When I was a child , I used to watch bicycles being repaired 。后置定语：(1) The question

13、being discussed now is of great importance to us all.(2) The tall house being built over there belongs to my uncle.注意：“being done形式作宾语补足语和后置定语时表被动，同时又表进行，然而在作主语和宾语时仅表被动.单项填空(1) Henry can't attend the party at Tom s house at present because he is preparing the speech at the party at Marie's h

14、ouse tomorrow 。A. held ; being held B。 to be held; to be held C。 to be held; held D。 being held; to be held (2) Do you know anything about the meeting in Italy? Yes, and as a matter of fact I attended it.Ao to be heldB. heldC。being heldD。to hold(3) New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before.1

15、. being fully accepted B. fully accepting C。 having fully accepted D. fully accepted2. Being badly wounded, the whale soon died。句型：being + done在句中作原因状语。 having been done也可以在句中作状语 .翻译：1)当被问到谁偷了钱时，这个年轻人沉默了。, the young man kept silent。2)由于受到很好的照顾，这些树长得越来越壮。, the trees are growing better and better。3)约翰

16、被关在监狱许多年后，最近获释., John has recently been set free.3. I ' m sitting in thwarm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day a day of pure magic!“wit叶宾语+宾语补足语”在句中充当状语，表伴随，原因等。完成句子：1）我睡觉时喜欢开着窗。I like to sleep。2）妈妈讲着故事，小孩很快就睡着了。 , the child fell asleep soon.3）老师走了进来，手里拿着一本厚厚的书。The

17、teacher came in.4）由于有很多问题亟待解决，新当选的总统急得像热锅上的蚂蚁。, the newly.elected president felt like a cat on hot bricks 。4. The fish didn't seem to mind me swimming among them。鱼儿好像并不介意我游在它们中间。me在句中用做swimming的逻辑主语，这叫做动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构的其中一种形式是“物主代词或名词所有格+动名词"，在句中做主语、宾语、表语等。如果不是在句子开头，这个结构常常可以用名词的普通格（或人称代词的宾

18、格）。 His/Jack's not getting to the station on time made all of us worried.他/杰克没准时到车站使得我们大家都很担心。（做主语） Do you mind my/me/Jack's/Jack leaving now?我/杰克现在离开你介意吗？（做动词的宾语） Have you heard of my sister ' s winning the contest?我妹妹在竞赛中获胜的事你听说了吗？（做动词短语的宾语） He left the city without our knowing it.他离开这

19、个城市我们大家都不知道。（做介词的宾语） What is most important is Tom's going there at once.最重要的是汤姆立刻到那里去.（做表语）练习：（1） Do you mind alone at home ?A. Tom leavingB. Tom having left C. Tom' s being left D . Tom to be left（2） Do you mind me your pen ?A . use B . usingC. to use D. used3. It was a time when the kille

20、rwhales, or killers " as theywere then called, helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.那个时期，虎鲸（当时被称为“杀手”）帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。句中a time表示"一段时间"，相当于 a period of time ,后接when引导的定语从句。I still remember a time when I lived in Germany.我仍记得在德国住过的那一段时间。【思维拓展】

21、age有“时代，时期”之意，也可接 when引导的定语从句。It happened in the Stone Age when the weather was stillwarm.它发生在气候仍然温暖的石器时代。There was time I lived on the farm happily 。A. a; thatB. a; whenC. /; whenD. /; thatI .完成句子1. I urged that we （立即采取措施） prevent such things happening again。2. Our newspaper aims to（反映）the views o

22、f the local community.3. They failed several times , and finally（ 放弃希望） finding an effective way of solving the problem。4. You should set aside some time to（反思你的成功和失败） .5. The whole world（见证成功发射）Tiangong I on September 29th,2011。6. -Where do you plan to work?一 I' ve made up my mind to（去最需要我的地方）.

23、n。短语突破1. 优于;在前面2. 瞄准3. 在此期间；与此同时4. 帮助（某人）摆脱困境或危难5. 对知道、明白；意识到6. 上下翻转7. 吓死了8. 分类;整理9. 即将或将要做10. 靠近III.单项选择：1. The police found a witness the traffic accident and asked her to witness 。A. to; give B. of; give a C. to; give a D. of; give2. After the earthquake , the first thing the local government did

24、 was to provide for the homeless families.A occupation B furniture C equipment D accommodation3。She' ll never forget hestay there she found her son who had gone missing two years before。A thatB which C whereD when2.1 'm not surprised that he became a writer. Even as a child he had a imaginat

25、ion 。A . clear B . cautious C. funny D . vividD. recovered5. Premier Wen's strong love for the people is in what he has done and spoken 。A. relievedB. reflected C. responded6. The police found a witness the traffic accident and asked her to witness.A . to; give B. of;give aC. to; give aD. of; gi

26、ve7. There is no need for you to worry 。 Things quite well.A worked out B helped out C broke out D dropped out8. Do you work in this office?No,as a clerk in this office is on vacation , I' m just here for about a week.A hanging out B working out C turning out D helping out9. Most parents are not

27、 the danger of their babies,whichceaauitsies jmltyst unfortunate incidents to happen。A . well aware to B. very aware of C. aware that D. well aware of10 .Today, we will begin we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out 。A . when B . whereC. how D. what11 . unemployment and crime are high,

28、it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.A BeforeB. Where C. UnlessD . Until12 .The new apartment built a few months ago is large enough to over 2,000 people.A containB provide C include D accommodate13 . The injured bird walked slowly , one wing along , which made us sad。A dragging B

29、and dragging C dragged D to drag14 。 They urged that the library open during the vacation 。A was kept B would be kept C is kept D be kept15 .Usually , a child ' s behavior is) a(n of his family environment, many studies suggest.A. descriptionB. recognitionC. reflectionD. expression答案：1。答案：D 考查名词

30、辨析。句意：爆炸后，警察做了大量的工作从目击证人那里查找线索。onlookers "旁观者"；viewers"观众"；witnesses "目击证人"。2 。 答案：(1) He urged her to study physics. (2)They urge me to apply for the job.(3) She has an urge to become a film starL3 .答案：B4。答案：C 句意：许多研究表明，通常一个孩子的行为会是他的家庭环境的反映。description "描述"；r

31、ecognition "认出'reflection"反映"expression ”表达"。5. 答案:1) With the help of the teacher and his classmates,Xiaoming managed to help himself out of his problem with computer games.2) In the earthquake, many parents couldn't help but leave their children in the ruin.3) She can&#

32、39; t help laughing /She can' t help but laugh.4) Please help yourself to some fish5) A句意：我在厨房里帮忙的时候，没有什么比能够完全按照顾客希望的方式做好鸡蛋，给他们端上桌更让我感到高兴的了.故选Aofigure out "算出；想出；理解" ；work out “计算出” ；find out "查明，弄清楚”。6) 答案：C句式：1。答案：(1)D(2) B (3) A2。 1) Being asked who stole the money 2) Being tak

33、en good care of 3) Having been kept in prison for many years3。 1) with the window open 2)With her mother telling stories3) with a thick book in her hand4)With a lot of problems to solve4。 (1)答案：C解析:mind后接动名词做宾语，且动名词的逻辑主语是Tom,表被动意义，故选 C.(2)答案B解析mind后跟v.ing形式作宾语。5。 答案B解析there was a time when,有一段的时光。课后

34、练习： 答案：1.1. take immediate action to 2. reflect 3. abandoned the hope of4。 reflect on your successes and failures 5. witnessed the successful launch6. go where I ' m most neededn .短语突破答案：1。ahead of 2。aim at 3。in the meantime 4.help(。.。)out 5。be/become aware of 6.upside down 7。(be) scared to death8.sort out 9。be about to do 10。get close toIII