高中化学——既能与酸反应又能与碱溶液反应的物质归纳

1、第一种：既能与强酸反应又能与强碱溶液反应的物质1、 单质类： Al2Al+6H+=2Al 3+ +3H42A1+2OH +2H2O=2AlQ- +3H2 T2、 氧化物类：Al 2O3Al 2 O3 +6H+=2Al 3+ +3H2OAl 2O3+2OH- =2AlO 2- +H2O3、 氢氧化物类： Al(OH) 3Al(OH) 3+3H+=Al 3+ +3H2 OAl(OH) 3+ OH- =AlO 2- +2H2O4、 弱酸的酸式盐类：NaHCO3、 NaHS、 NaHSO3、 Na2 HPO4、 Na H2PO4HCO +H+ =CQT +HOHCO3- +OH- =CO32- + H

2、2OHSO +H+ =S02 T +HaOHSO3- +OH- =SO32- + H2OHS +H+ =HzSTHS- +0H- =S2- + H20HP042- +H+ = H 2P04-HP042- +0H- =P043- + H20H2P04- +H+ = H 3P04H2P04- +0H- =HP042- + H20;5、 弱酸的铵盐类：(NH4)2C03、(NH4)2Si03、(NH4) 2S、(NH4) 2S03、(NH4) 3P04、NH4F、NH4Cl0(NH4) 2CO+2HCl= 2NH4C1 + H 2O+COT(NH4)2C03+2Na0H=N2aC03+2NH3?H2

3、0(NH4) 2SiO3+2HCl= 2NH4CI + H 2SQ3 J(NH4) 2Si03+2Na0H=N2aSi03+2NH3?H20(NH4) 2S+2HCl= 2NH4C1 + H 2ST(NH 4) 2S+2Na0H=N2aS+2NH3?H20(NH4) 2SO+2HCl= 2NH4C1 + H 2O+SOT(NH4)2S03+2Na0H=N2aS03+2NH3?H20(NH4) 3P04+3HCl= 3NH4Cl + H 3P04(NH 4) 3P04 +3Na0H=Na3P04+3NH3?H20NHF+HCl= NH4C1 + HF TNH4F+Na0H=NaF+N3?HH20

4、NHClO+HCl= NHl + HClONHClO+NaOH=NaClO +NHH2O6、氨基酸：a 一氨基乙酸HN-CHCOOH+HO HOOCCIHHClHN-CHCOOH+NaOHHN-CHCOONa+2O,第二种：既能与某些酸反应又能与所有的强碱溶液反应的物质7、能与氢氟酸反应类：Si、SiO2Si+4HF=SiFd +2H4Si+2NaOH+HO=NaSiO3+2H2 fSiO2+4HF=SiF4 T +2HOSiO2+2NaOH=N2SiO3+H2O8、能与氧化性酸反应类：HI、H2s、H2SO、FeCl2、NHI6HI+2HNO(稀)=I 2+2NOT +4H2O,HI+ Na

5、OH= NaI+ H 2O3H2S+2HNO稀)=3S J +2NOT +4H2OH2S+ 2NaOH= N8S+ 2H2O3HsO+2HN 稀)=3H2SO+2NOT +4H2OHS+ 2NaOH= NaS+ 2H2O3FeCl2 +4HNQ(稀)=Fe(NO3)3+NOT +2FeCl3+2HOFeCl2+2NaOH=Fe(OH)J +2NaCl6NHH+8HNC3(稀)=6NH4NQ+2NOf +4HO+3I2NHI+ NaOH=NaI+NH?HO9、能与还原性酸反应类：浓 HkSO、浓HNQ 稀HN FeCl3、AgNOH2S+HSQ(浓尸S J +SOT +2H2OH2SO+ 2Na

6、OH= NaSQ+ 2H 2O3Hs+2HNO稀)=3S J +2NO +4H2OHNQ(稀)+ NaOH= NaNO+ H2OH2S+2HNO 浓尸S J +2NOT +2H2OHNQ 浓)+ NaOH= NaNO+ H2O2FeCl3+2HI=2FeCl 2+2HCl+12FeCl 3+ 3NaOH=Fe(OH> J +3NaCl2FeCl3+2HbS=2FeCl2+2HCl+SjFeCl3+3NH?H2O=Fe(OH)4 +3NHClFeCl3+3NaOH=Fe(OH)J +3NaClAgNO+HI=AgI J +HNOAgNQ+ NH3?H2O=AgOH + NhkNOAgNG+

7、 NaOH=AgOH + NaNQAgNG+HCl=AgCl J +HNO,AgNO+ NH3?H2O=AgOH+ NHNOAgNO+ NaOH=AgOH + NaNQAgNO+HBr=AgBr J +HNOAgN(3+ NH3?H2O=AgOH+ NHNOAgNO+ NaOH=AgOH + NaNQ第三种：既能与某些碱溶液反应又能与所有强酸反应的物质10、与强碱 Ca(OH)2、Ba(OH)2反应类：N&CO、K2CO、(NH4) 2CONaCO+2HCl=2NaCl+H2O+CO TCa(OH)2+N&CO=2NaOH+CaG O(NH4) 2CO+2HNO=2NHNO+HO+COTCa(OH)2+(NH4)2CO=2NH?H2。+CaCOJNaCO+2HNO=2NaNHaO+COTBa(OH) 2+NaCO=2NaOH+BaGO(NH4) 2GO+2HGl=2NHGl+H2O+GOTBa(OH)2+(NH4)2GO=2NH?H2。+BaGOJ11、与弱碱 NHThbO反应类：AgOH Gu(OH)2、Zn(OH)2AgOH+HNAgN(3+H2OAgOH+ 2NH?HO=Ag(NH)2OH+2HDGu(OH