高考热点-V-ing形式

1、高考热点V-ing形式湖北洪湖市第二高级中学王爱民 V-ing形式是历年高考的重要考点之一，其考点主要集中考查V-ing形式的功能、时态及语态。综观2006年全国和各地英语高考试卷，非谓语动词占有30题，其中V-ing形式就占有14题，可见，V-ing在英语高考中的重要性。V-ing形式这一语法既是学习重点、难点，又是高考的考点之一，所以在初学V-ing形式的时候，同学们要特别细心，掌握好它的用法。本文就V-ing形式用法作一归纳。 V-ing 形式在英语中可以看作是动名词和现在分词,它们都可以用作非谓语动词,在句中可以充当一定的句子成分。现将其可以充当的句子成分列表对照如下: 一、动名词V-

2、ing形式作动名词时具有名词的特征,因而在句中用作主语、表语、宾语、定语,有时它可以有自己的逻辑主语,也可以有时态和语态形式。如: 1. 作主语、表语 动名词作主语和表语时表示泛指。如: Tom's having seen them did not surprise us. 汤姆看见了他们，并不使我们感到惊讶. (主语) The main thing is getting there in time.首要的事是及时到达那里。(表语) 【真题再现】Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answer ready wi

3、ll be of great help. (05北京，28)A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having【答案】D. 句意：为参加应聘做好准备很有必要。把回答的内容准备好大有帮助。句意强调的只是一个一般性的动作，因此A、B不符合题意。C项为动词原形构成祈使句，不能作句子的主语，也应淘汰。故D项为动名词作主语。2. 作宾语 动名词常跟在某些动词如admit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, mind, can't help, suggest, practise, admit, imagine, miss, r

4、isk等以及含介词的短语动词insist on, stop.from, look forward to, pay attention to, give up, put off, feel like等后面作宾语。如: Have you finished reading the book? 你读完了那本书吗？She is afraid of going out alone. 她怕单独一个人出去。【真题再现】1). When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _ at the party, but not _. (05北京，30)A. t

5、o arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leaveC. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave2). Isnt it time you got down to _ the papers? (06 重庆，26) A. mark B. be marked C. being marked D. marking3). It is difficult to imagine his _ the decision without any consideration. (06陕西，13) A. accept B. accepting C.

6、to accept D. accepted【答案】1). C. remember后接不定式表示将来的动作，而后接动词-ing形式时，表示已完成的动作。根据句意：当警察向他询问时，他说他记得已到过晚会现场但不记得什么时候离开的。故选C项。2). D. get down to(开始认真做)短语中，to为介词，后应接v-ing形式，而mark papers的逻辑为you，用主动形式，故选D项。3). B. 句意为：很难想象他没有做任何考虑就接受了这个决定。imagine后要用V-ing形式作宾语，故选B项。3. 作定语 动名词作定语时表示所修饰的词的作用和用途。如: They set up an o

7、perating table in a small temple.他们将手术台架设在一座小庙里。二、现在分词V-ing形式作现在分词充当非谓语动词时,它主要在句中充当定语、表语、宾补、主补和状语。1. 作定语 当分词单独作定语时，放在被修饰的名词前面，如果是分词短语作定语，则放在名词之后。如: In the following years she worked even harder. 在随后的几年里，她学习更加努力了。The man standing at the gate is our teacher. 站在门口的那个人是我们老师。若被修饰词与现在分词是被动关系时,应用现在分词的被动式(b

8、eing done)作定语。如: Did you see the boy being questioned by the police? 你看见那个男孩受到警察审问了吗？注意：现在分词与动名词作定语的区别: 现在分词表示所修饰人或物正在进行的动作，即所修饰的名词与现在分词有逻辑上的主谓关系, 相当于一个定语从句；而动名词作定语则说明它所修饰的名词的作用和用途。 如: Dont waste running water 不要浪费自来水。 (现在分词 相当于定语从句 water which is running) I have a pair of running shoes. 我有一双跑鞋。(动名词

9、 表示用途,相当于shoes for running) 【真题再现】1). I was told that there were about 50 students _ Chinese in the school, most _ were from Germany. (06辽宁，25)A. study; of whom B. study; of them C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom2). The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty

10、 of nature. ( 04上海，34)A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt【答案】1).D. 句意：我被告知在这所学校里大约在50名学汉语的外国学生，他们中大部分来自德国。第一空是分词短语作后置定语；第二空是非限制性定语从句。只在D项符合题意要求。2). B. A、D项不定式表将来动作；C项表被动完成；B项表示主动进行。此处是用smelling sweet作定语，可以译作“闻起来很香的花”。2. 作表语 现在分词作表语时，相当于形容词，用来说明主语的性质或特征，常用作表语的动词现在分词有: amazing, amusing, bo

11、ring, exciting, interesting, pleasing, surprising, satisfying, inspiring等，这时可以用very修饰。如: This book is more interesting than any that Ive ever read.这本书比我所看过的都更有趣。His views are very alarming.他的看法很使人吃惊。【真题再现】It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader. (03上海，30)A. interested; intere

12、st B. interesting; be interestedC. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest【答案】D.此题主要考查interest的不同用法。动词interest表示“使感兴趣”；现在分词interesting表示具有某种特征“令人感兴趣的”；过去分词interested表示“对感兴趣”，主语通常是人。故只有D项符合题意。注意：动名词和现在分词作表语的区别： 动名词作表语时, 表示主语的内容; 现在分词作表语,表示主语的特征或性质。如：Her job is keeping the offices clean. 她

13、的工作是保持办公室清洁。(动名词)The film is very exciting. 这部电影很令人兴奋。(现在分词)3. 作宾语补足语 动词的现在分词作宾补表明宾语正在进行的动作。后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有find, look at, see, hear, watch, feel, observe, have, get, catch, keep, leave等。如: He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。【真题再现】Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth. (04天

14、津，34)A. run B. running C. being run D. to run【答案】B. 当leave后的宾语和宾补是逻辑上的主动关系时，宾补常用现在分词，构成“leave + 宾语 + V-ing”句型。本题即为考查此种结构。4. 作状语 现在分词作状语可以表示时间、条件、结果、伴随、原因、让步等。如: She stayed at home, cleaning and washing.她呆在家里，又擦又洗。 (伴随) Being ill he was absent from school. 他因病没有上学。(原因) Seeing from the top of the hill

15、, you can find the city more beautiful. (如果)从小山顶上看,你会发现这座城市更美丽。(条件) The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.那孩子跌倒了，头碰在门上碰破了。 (结果) Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.他们尽管了解这一切，还是要我赔偿损失。(让步)【真题再现】1). The storm left, _ a lot of damage to this area. (05全国I，32)A.

16、caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused2). My cousin came to see me from the country, _ me a full basket of fresh fruits. (06安徽，21)A. brought B. bringing C. to bring D. had brought3). We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _ that all children like these thin

17、gs. (06全国II，17)A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought【答案】1). D. 不定式作结果状语表示“出乎意料”的结果，而分词作状语表示“顺其自然”的结果，根据句意：给本地带来了很大危害后，暴风雨停止了。而产生危害在前，故应选D。2). B. 句意：我的表兄从乡下来看我，给我带来一篮子新鲜的水果。bringing形式在此表伴随状语。3). A. 句意：我们经常会给孩子一些玩具、足球、篮球等，认为所有的孩子都会喜欢这类东西。We与think之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词表原因。注意：现在分词作状语时其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语一致。

18、如果句子的主语与现在分词的主语不一致，应该带有自己独立的主语,构成独立结构。有时, 现在分词独立结构之前可用介词with/without，即构成“with/without +名词（代词宾格）+现在分词”复合结构，表示分词的逻辑主语是该名词（代词宾格）。如: Weather permitting, we will go to the park tomorrow. 如果明天天气允许的话,我们将去公园。(独立结构) With the lights burning, the boy fell asleep. 那男孩点着灯睡着了。(含with的复合结构作状语) 【真题再现】I couldnt do my

19、 homework with all that noise _. (05 北京，34)A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on【答案】A. B,C项构成谓语动词，不符合题意。A项表示正在进行的动作，D项表示将来的动作，根据题意，with复合结构作伴随状语，故选A项。【高考真题】1. _, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality. (05全国II，17)A. General speaking B. Speaking generalC. Generally speaking D.

20、Speaking generally2. “You cant catch me!” Janet shouted, _ away. (05全国II，20)A. run B. running C. to run D. ran3. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity. (05上海，32)A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost4. More and more people are signing up for

21、 Yoga classes nowadays, _ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. (05上海，36)A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken5. He glanced over at her, _ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. (05广东，24)A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted6. _ from other c

22、ontinents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. (05湖北，26)A. Being separated B. Having separatedC. Having been separated D. To be separated7. The manager, _ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us, left the meeting room. (05江西，31)

23、A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making8. I really cant understand _ her like that. (05安徽，34)A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating9. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4. (05山东，27)A. having reached B. r

24、eaching C. to reach D. to be reaching10. Daddy didnt mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _ fun. (05重庆，26)A. had B. have C. to have D. having11. I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works. (06北京，35)A. working; stopping B. to work; stoppin

25、gC. working; to stop D. to work; to stop12. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _ the desert. (06湖南，21)A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover13. If you think that treating a woman well means always _ her permission for things, think again. (06湖南，28)A. gets B. got C. to get D. get

26、ting14. After he became conscious, he remembered _ and _ on the head with a rod. (06江西，29)A. to attack; hit B. to be attacked; to be hitC. attacking; be hit D. having been attacked; hit15. Dont sit there _ nothing. Come and help me with this table. (06湖北，34)A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing16. Wh

27、en _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (06浙江，5)A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared17. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _ the same thing. (06江苏，30)A. s

28、aying B. said C. to say D. having said18. -There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man. -My goodness! I cant imagine _ that old. (06江苏，32)A. to be B. to have been C. being D. having been19. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to _ since the flood hit the area last Friday. (06山东，33)A. have been missing B. have got lost C. be missing D. get lost【答案】1. C. generally speakin