初中英语语法—动词的语态讲解-初中教育精选

1、初中英语语法一一动词的语态讲解动词的语态知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！英语动词有两种语态， 即主动语态(The Active Voice)和被动语态(The Passive Voice)。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，例如：Many people speak English .(主动语态)English is spoken by many people.(被动语态)1、被动语态的构成被动语态由"助动词be +及物动词的过去分词"构成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变 化，其变化规则与 be作为连系动词时完全一样。被动语态的肯定式、否定

2、式及疑问式列表 如下：肯 定 句： 主语+ be+ 过去分词 + (by)eg. He is oftenasked to do this work (by his boss).否 定 句：主语 + be not +过去分词 + (by)eg. I amnot invitedto the party (by him).一般疑问句：Be +主语+过去分词+ (by)？eg. Are your clotheswashed by yourself?特殊疑问句：疑问词+ be+主语+过去分词+ (by)？ eg. What is this sweater made of?现以动词give为例，其被动语态

3、的各种时态如下:式时 一般进行完成现在Am / is /are + givenAm/is/are +being + givenHave / has +been +given过去Was / were + givenWas / were + being + givenHad +been + given将来Shall/ will + givenShall / will +be +Should /would + begiven+ given含情态词的Can / may /must +be +given3、被动语态的用法：1)当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时，或者只需强调

4、动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。例如：This jacket is made of cotton.English is spoken in many countries in the world.2) 强调动作的承受者时。如： The boy was saved at last.这个男孩最后得救了。3) 主动语态变被动语态的步骤：主动句： The boybrokethe window yesterday.被动句：The window was broken by the boy yesterday.步骤一：原句中的宾语 the window 变成主语。步骤二：谓语动词 broke改为被动形式：wa

5、s broken步骤三：原句中的主语 The boy放在介词by的后面。步骤四：其他成分如：yesterday 不变。5)有两个宾语的句子的被动语态：A.可有两种被动语态的常用动词有：buy, give , leave , lend , offer , pay, teach ,tell , show,等。1. He gave me the book just now.The book was given to me( by him) just now. = I was given the book (by him) just now.2. They show the guard their p

6、assports at the entrance to the building.The passports were shown to the guard by them at the entrance to the building.开心快乐每一天= The guard was shown the passports by them at the entrance to the building.send，B. 通常用直接宾语作被动语态主语的一些动词有: bring ， do， make， pass， sellsing ， write ，等。1. He wrote her a letter

7、.A letter was written to her.My mother made me a skirt.A skirt was made (for me) by my mother.练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！一、选择填空2. The question by us soon.A.is going to discussB.will discussC.is going to be discussedD.has been discussed3. The old man was quite weak after the accident, so he.A.must look afterB.

8、must be taken careC.must be looked afterD.must take care of4. All the new words up in the dictionary yet.A.have lookedB.haven't lookedC.have been lookedD.haven't been looked5. There was no room for you. All the seats .A. are taken B.was taken C.had taken D.had been taken6. A model ship his s

9、on by Mr More.A.was made for B.was made to C.made for D.makes for7. Dad, please open the door, it .OK, dear. I am coming.A.was lockedB.locksC.is lockedD.locked8. This kind of sweatervery soft.A.is feltB.feelsC.feelD.is feeling9. Have all the students known that our class will visit the factory thisa

10、fternoon?Yes. Every studentabout it.A.toldB.has toldC.was toldD.tells10. he cake delicious.A.smellB.is smelledC.is smelling D.smells11. My father has given up smoking since he on.A.will operateB.will be operated C.operated D.was operated12. A new school these days.A. is buildingB. is builtC. well bu

11、ildD. is being built13. The cake delicious.A. smellB. is smelledC. is smellingD. smells13.1 there would be a football match on Channel 8 tomatoA. will tellB. have told C. was told D. will be told14 .The librarian told me that the bookfor two weeks.A. can be borrowed B. can be kept C. could be borrow

12、edD. couldbe kept15 .Whenthis kind of computer ?is; used B. was; usedC. did; useD. are; used16.The new computersto the village school as present last month.are given B. given C. were given D. gave17.I really don't knowabout it.A.what to do B.how to do C. to do what D. how can I do18 .Your shoes.

13、 You'd better come to get them in half an hour.are mending B. have mended C. are being mended D. have been mended19 .Though he had often madehis little sister,today he was madeby her.A.cry; to cryB.crying; crying C. cry; cry D.to cry; cry20.Whenthe accident?A.was; happenedB.has; happenedKey: 1 5

14、 CCDDA 6 10 CBCDDC.was happebeingD.did; happen11-15 BDCDB 16-20 CACAD、用所给动词的正确形式填空。Some ideas (give) to college students by him yesterday.Do you like the music "Moonlight"?Yes, it really beautiful!(sound)He won't come to the party unless Sue .(invite)The chair needs.(repair)"Quick" is another way of "fast".(say)This kind of bike in that factory, but you can't buy it now.(make)Cotton in the country.(plant)Man-made satellites by Chinese