高一必修4Unit语1法学习-主谓一致精讲精练

1、主谓一致(Subject- Verb Agreement)，指”人称”和”数方面的一致关系.如: He is going abroad. They are playing football.可分为:语法一致, 内容一致, 就近一致.(1) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况：(1) 如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或 事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。如： He and I _are_both students of this school.(2) 如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物,

2、或者指同一概念的时候, 谓语要用单数。 Eg. The singer and dancer _is_ on the stage./ A knife and fork is used to have meals./ The poet and writer has come.那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人) The poet and the writer have come. War and peace is often peoples topic 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 whisky and soda

3、 汽水 salt and water 盐水 a needle and thread针线; a horse and cart四轮马车; a watch and chain表链; war and peace战争与和平; truth and honesty; A singer and dancer _been invited to the party. A singer and a dancer _been invited to the party.(3) and连接的两个或多个主语前如有each, every, no, many a(许多）more than one 等修饰时，尽管从意义上看是复数

4、, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数.Eg. 1)Every tree and (every) flower is to be cut down. 2)In our country each boy and (each) girl has right to receive education 3)No sound and no voice is heard. 4)Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake. 5)More than one student was late. 注意：但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数 More

5、 persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。(4) each of /either of./ one of谓语动词用单数. Eg. Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说(5) none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数. Eg. None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。 None of this worries me. 这事一点不使我着急。 None of this money is mine. 这些钱

6、都不是我的。(6) 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数.Eg. Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质. No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。 The tea

7、cher with two students _was _ at the meeting . Mary, together with her parents, _has been _to the Summer Palace twice.(7) 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如:Eg. His clothes are good. / These scissors are sharp. 但这些名词前若出现 a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如:A pair of glasses is on

8、 the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。(8) 主语是书名，剧名，报纸名，国名等复数形式的名词，仍为个体，谓语用单数。 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Nights ; 以及The United Nations 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 Eg. The United States is a developed country.(9) “a +名词+and a half “, “one

9、 and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词” 等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. Only one and a half apples is left on the table.注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式, 如:One or two places have been visited. 参观了一两个地点。(10) 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如:Eg. Serving the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福. Collect

10、ing stamps is his hobby. 收集邮票是他的爱好。 When well go out for an outing has been decided. 我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。 When and where we will go hasnt been decided.注意:但当what引导的句子做主语，若后面是 “be +.”的结构时，谓语随.变化。Eg: 1.)What you did was right. 2.)What you need are these dictionaries(11) 复合不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用单数，如someone ,somebod

11、y, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。Eg: Someone is asking for you. 有人找你。 Nothing is found in the room. 在屋子里什么也没找到(2) 内容一致原则: 1.主语中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及”分数或百分数percent +名词 ”做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.Eg: The rest of the bikes are on sal

12、e today. 剩下的自行车，今天出售。 60% (60 percent )of the apple was eaten by little boy. 这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。 20 percent of the workers in the factory are women. 工厂里百分之20的工人是女人。 One third of the students in our class_are_ girls. Most of the apples were rotten.大部分的苹果都是烂的。 Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 这个苹果

13、的大部分被老鼠吃了。2. 不定数量的词组, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如:Eg: A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到。 A part of the apple has been eaten up by the rat. 这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。 3. 主语是疑问代词who, what, which,不定代词其谓语视它们所代指的名词而定。 Eg: 1.)Which is mo

14、re valuable, health or wealth? 2.)Which are prettier, these or those? 4. 加减乘除用单数.如:minus ,plus ,multiply, divide Eg: Fifteen minus five is ten . 15减去5等于10。5. 表示时间, 金钱, 距离, 度量等的名词做主语时, 尽管是复数形式, 它们作为一个单一的概念时, 其谓语动词用单数.如: Eg: Sixty years is a long time. Ten dollars is enough for him. Three thousand mil

15、es is a long distance. Fifty kilograms is not too long to be carried.(三)意义一致原则(1) 通常作复数的集体名词. 包括police , people, cattle 等, 这些集体名词通常用作复数.如:Eg: The British police have only very limited powers. The police are searching for a thief. The cattle are eating grass on the hill.(2) 通常作不可数名词的集体名词. 包括equipment

16、, furniture, clothing, luggage 等.(3) 集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数, 也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。 Eg: The group _is_ made up of three students./ The group_are_ dancing happily./ Eg: The team _ some good players. (have)/ The team _ ha

17、ndsome. (be)/ Eg: Zhangs family _ rather big, with twelve people in all./ His family all music lovers./ Your class just behind our class./ The whole class fond of music ./ Eg: The population of China _far larger than that of Japan./ Eighty percent of the population in China _ farmers./(4) 单复数同形的词如 s

18、heep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, means(方法,手段), works(著作, 工厂) 作主语, 谓语动词应根据上下文取决单复数. 1.Every means _ been tried to solve the problem. All means _ been tried to solve the problem. (5) the+形容词”做主语时，表示一类人或物时，谓语动词为复数；表示具体一个个体时，谓语动词为单数。 Eg：1) The young are better at learning new things.、/ The injured were sa

19、ved after the fire. 2) The young is my uncle. 注意：the +adj.表示一类抽象概念时，谓语也单数 Eg： The new is sure to replace the old.(4) 就近原则1. 由here, there, where 等引导的倒装句中, (有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如:2. 用连词or, either. or, neither.nor, not only.but also 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。 Eg： Neither my wife nor I myself _

20、able to persuade my daughter to change her mind Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another Not the teacher，but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film注意: one of +复数名词+who/that/which 引导的定语从句中, 定语从句的动词为复数。The only one of +复数名词+ who/that./which 引导的定语从句中，

21、定语从句的动词应为单数。主谓一致练习1. On the wall_ two large portraits. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging 2. “News of victories _ pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander said. A. keep B. keeps C. kept D. have kept 3. There _ a lot of milk in the bottle. A. are B. is C. were D. has 4. Zhangs famil

22、y _ rather big, with twelve people in all. A. is B. are C. being D. was 5. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known 6. All but one _ here just now.A. is B. was C. has been D. were 7. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has of

23、fered C. are offered D. have offered 8. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one exam after another.A. is B. are C. am D. be 9. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were 10. When and w

24、here to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided1-10 BBBAB DABCA主谓一致练习1. About 60 percent of the students _ from the south, the rest of them _ from the north and foreign countries.A. are/is B. are/are C. is/are D. are2. Half of the work

25、ers here _ under 30 _.A. is/years B. are/year old C. is/years old D. are/years of age3. Now Tom with his classmates _ football on the playground.A. play B. are playing C. plays D. is playing4. The number of pages in this dictionary _ about two thousand.A. are B. has C. have D. is5. Thirty dollars _

26、too expensive.A. are B. is C. were D. be6. The audience _ so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall.A. is B. are C. was D. has7. The secretary and principal _ at the meeting now.A. are speaking B. is speaking C. were making a speech D. have a speech8. If anybody _, please put down

27、_ name, said the teacher to the monitor.A. wants to buy the book/his B. want to buy the book/theirC. will buy the book/ones D. wants to have the book bought/her9. Nothing but one desk and six chairs _ in the room.A. are B. is stayed C. is D. are left10. Having arrived at the station, _.A. it was fou

28、nd that the train had left B. the train had leftC. the train was found left D. he found that the train had left11. Between the two roads _ a TV tower called Skyscraper Tower.A. stands B. standing C. which stands D. stand12. Either of you _ going there tonight.A. will B. was C. is D. are13. You as we

29、ll _ right.A. I are B. I am C. as I am D. as I are14. All but Dick _ in Class Three this term.A. are B. is C. were D. was15. - Shall I wait here for three hours? -Yes. Three hours _ to wait for such a doctor.A. are not very long for you B. is not long enough for youC. was not long enough for you D.

30、will be too long for you16. Where to get the materials and how to get them _ at the meeting.A. have not discussed B. have not been discussedC. has not discussed D. has not been discussed17. I took mathematics and physics because I think that _ very important for me to make further research in this f

31、ield.A. what is B. they are C. this D. which are18. Every student and every teacher _.A. are going to attend the meeting B. have attended the meetingC. has attended the meeting D. is attended the meeting19. Three fourths of the bread _ by Bob, and the rest of the bread _ left on the table.A. was eat

32、en/were B. were eaten/was C. were eaten/were D. was eaten/was20. This pair of shoes _.A. is her B. is hers C. are hers D. are her21.There _ no life on the moon.A. is said to have B. are said to have C. is said to be D. are said to be 22.A group of _ are eating _ and _ at the foot of the hillA. sheep

33、; grass; leaves B. sheeps grasses leavesC. sheep; grass leaf D. sheeps grass leafs23.My family raise a lot of _, including two_.A. cattles cows B. cows cattle C. cattle cows D. cow, cattles24.What he says and what he does_.A. does not agree B. do not agree C. does not agree with D. not agree25.The b

34、oy and the girl each _ toys.A. have their own B. has their own C. have her own D. has her own26.She is the only one among the _ writers who _stories for children.A. woman, writes B. women write C. women writes D. woman write27.The railway station is _from our school.A. two hours drive B. two hours d

35、rive C. two hour drive D. two hours drive28.Mike and Johns _.A. father is a teacher B. fathers are teachers C. father are teachers D. fathers are teacher29.A great deal of talking and listening that _ under casual circumstance may seem to be aimless.A. is occurred B. are occurred C. occurs D. occur3

36、0._ the classroom needs to be cleaned.A. Either the offices or B. The offices and C. Both the office and D. The office and31.Three-fourths of the homework _today.A. has finished B. has been finished C. have finished D. have been finished32.More than 60 percent of the worlds radio programmes _in Engl

37、and.A. is B. was C. are D. be33. _work has been done to improve the peoples living standardA.A great deal of B.A great many C.A large number of D.Many34.The rest of the magazines _ within half an hour.A.is sold out B.are sold out C.was sold out D.were sold out35.There _ a lot of sugar in the jar.A.

38、has B.have C.is D.are36. “All _present and all _going on well”, our monitor said.A.is is B.are, are C.are is D.is are37.Yesterday the League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A.is B.was C.are D.were.38.Mary as well as her sisters _ Chinese in China.A.are studying B.have

39、studied C.studies D.study39.The rich_ not always happy.A.are B.is C.will D.may40. _can be done _done.A.All, have been B.All that ,have been C.All has D.All that ,has been41.Either of the plans _equally dangerous.A.are B.is C.has D.have42.The police _the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A.is searching B.were searching for C.are searching D.was searching for43.Your trousers _dirty, you must have_ washed.A.is it B.are i